两个人组蛋白H1基因的亚克隆和它们启动子核苷酸顺序的比较

从人基因库中分离得到的两个含有不同变种组蛋白H_1基因的λ克隆(λHh8和λHh9),分别把它们含有该基因的片段(8c和9a)插入载体puc8质粒中,得到了亚克隆pHh8c和pHh9a。对这两个人组蛋白H_1基因的启动子(Promoter)和部份编码蛋白质的区域作了核苷酸顺序的分析和比较,确定了它们的启动要素和同系顺序。     

抗乙型脑炎病毒单抗重链可变区基因的筛选和鉴别

为了制备抗乙型脑炎病毒的人-鼠嵌合抗体,以分泌抗乙型脑炎病毒单抗的51-8杂交瘤细胞株为材料,分离这一单抗的重链可变区基因。杂交瘤细胞的大分子量DNA经Bam HI部分酶切后,以λEMBL-3为载体,构建了总数为2×10~7pfu的基因文库。以抗乙脑病毒单抗重链可变区cDNA为探针,从360000个噬菌斑中筛选出9个阳性斑,经点杂交及Southern杂交证明它们都含有重链可变区基因的片段。进一步以J_(11)探针(含J_3、J_4和重链增强子)对其中4个重组体进行鉴别。经EcoRI酶切后,有3个重组体含有与肝细胞和Sp2/0细胞相同的3.8kb片段,而第4个重组体(λ8a4)没有这一片段,却有一个4.5kb片段,这是在肝细胞和Sp2/0细胞中不存在的。从而证明前3个重组体的插入片段是未经重排的重链可变区基因片段,而λ8a4中的插入片段含有经过重排的功能性可变区基因。这一4.5kb片段不能与含有J_1—J_2的探针杂交,却同时含有V_H、J,或/和J_4和增强子。进一步证明,这是一个功能性的可变区基因。因此,将这一4.5kb片段分离出来之后,在pUC19中亚克隆并作酶切图。为构建抗乙脑病毒的人-鼠嵌合重链基因奠定了基础。     

水稻淀粉分支酶基因5′上游区缺失对基因表达的影响

为研究水稻淀粉分支酶基因 (sbe1) 5′上游调控区中存在的顺式作用元件 ,我们将水稻sbe1基因翻译起始点 (ATG) 5′上游区 1.2kb(- 10 96～ 74bp)片段经过不同限制性内切酶消化及外切核酸酶ExoIII部分消化 ,得到 4个 5′端缺失的片段。将这些缺失片段分别与 gus基因编码区连接 ,构建成融合质粒 ,经土壤农杆菌 (Agrobacterium)介导引入水稻 ,定量测定转基因水稻植株未成熟种子中的 gus酶活力。结果表明 ,- 5 16～ 6 4bp的sbe1启动子片段可以驱动gus基因的高表达 ,其它 3个启动子片段 (- 10 96～ 74bp ,- 2 95～ 74bp ,- 146～ 6 4bp)驱动 gus基因表达的能力较低。推测在sbe1基因 5′上游区 - 5 16～ - 2 95bp片段中可能存在能使 gus基因高表达的增强元件     

35S驱动Pib基因启动区和编码区的转基因初步分析

将包含Pib基因启动区及下游完整编码区的9.9 kb DNA片段克隆到双元载体pPZP2Ha3(+)中, 构建了35S驱动的正义表达载体pNAR701(20.3 kb); 同时将Pib基因编码区6 986~9 392 bp之间的DNA片段, 克隆到双元载体pPZP2Ha3(-)中, 构建了35S驱动的反义表达载体pNAR703(12.8 kb); 用农杆菌介导法转入中感稻瘟病水稻品种R109中。PCR、Southern blot鉴定以及转基因T0代种子的潮霉素抗性鉴定证明, 目的基因已经整合到R109基因组中, 并能在后代稳定遗传。Northern blot分析表明含有启动区及下游完整编码的Pib基因片段在35S驱动下能够在转基因后代中表达。对T1代苗期转基因植株和分蘖期离体叶片进行抗稻瘟病初步分析, 结果显示pNAR701转基因植株对稻瘟病生理小种ZD1和ZG1的抗性较对照增强, 而转反义片段的pNAR703转基因植株对稻瘟病的抗性较对照减弱。     

甲胎蛋白基因的DNase Ⅰ敏感性和超敏感区与基因表达的关系

我们用大鼠AFP基因cDNA pRAF 87和5'端基因克隆片段为探针,分别探测了AFP基因活跃表达的胚肝组织、具表达潜能的成年肝组织以及不表达的肾组织AFP基因转录区和调控区的DNase Ⅰ敏感性和超敏感区。结果表明;胚肝组织和成年肝组织AFP基因在转录区和5'端调控区都显示出较高的DNase Ⅰ敏感性,而肾组织则不敏感。胚肝组织AFP基因存在三个DNase Ⅰ超敏感区:基因转录起始区,离转录起始区上游约-3 kb左右区域,另一超敏感区位于基因内部4.1 kb EcoR Ⅰ片段内。成年肝组织在转录起始区也存在一超敏感区,在基因内部4.1 kb EcoR Ⅰ片段显示较高的DNase Ⅰ敏感性。推测AFP基因上游-3 kb区域(1.5 kb HindⅢ片段区)DNase Ⅰ超敏感区可能与增强基因转录活性相关,而转录起始区超敏感区可能是维持细胞组织专一性表达所必需,基因转录区域内部DNase Ⅰ超敏感区可能与AFP基因维持具活跃表达或潜能表达的染色质空间结构相关。     

链霉菌基因克隆载体及基因文库的构建

利用麦迪霉素产生菌中分离的质粒pSMY1(10．8kb),将pIJ30的硫链丝菌素抗性基因(tsr)克隆到psMY1上,获得了具有硫链丝菌素抗性选择标记质粒pSJ10。通过DNA体外缺失,片段播入、λ-COS片段的插入及与大肠杆菌质粒的重组等基因技术,获得了一系列psMY1衍生质粒,包括双标记质粒pSM3,大肠杆菌／链霉菌穿梭质粒pBMJ2和穿梭粘粒pNMJ1。通过对这些质粒的分析,确定了质粒psMY1的复制必需区为3．06kd的EcoRI—sphI片段。质粒pSJ10、pSM3、pNMJ1具有可选择标记,多个单一确切的可克降位点,有一定范围的宿主并能在链霉菌中稳定存在等特点,故可作为链霉菌基因克隆的载体。其中pNMJl(11．15kb)是大肠杆菌／链霉菌穿梭粘粒,能有效地运载28—38kb的外源DNA片段,并能在体外包装λ噬菌体外壳,转导大肠杆菌。利用载体pNMJl,通过λ-噬菌体蛋白体外包装,在大肠杆菌中建立了螺旋霉素产生菌的基因文库,其基因覆盖率可达90％。重组DNA分子可通过转化转移到链霉菌中。     

温敏核不育水稻5460S细菌人工染色体文库的构建和鉴定

为了构建温敏核不育 (TGMS)基因区域的精细物理图谱并最终分离TGMS基因 ,以温敏核不育水稻 5 46 0S为材料 ,摸索优化了构建植物细菌人工染色体 (BAC)文库的方法 ,构建了一个高质量的BAC文库 .该文库由 1 95 84个克隆构成 ,插入片段平均长度为 1 1 0kb ,相当于水稻单倍体基因组大小的 5倍 ;以分子量分别为 1 40和2 5 0kb的 2个大BAC克隆进行稳定性传代实验 ,经 1 0 0代传代后其插入的DNA片段仍然稳定存在 ;以线粒体和叶绿体基因为探针筛选BAC文库 ,未检验出叶绿体和线粒体DNA的污染 ;以和tms1基因连锁的 3个分子标记作为探针对BAC文库进行了筛选 ,每个探针至少可获得一个阳性克隆 ,利用热不对称性交错PCR(Tail PCR)法成功分离了阳性克隆的左右末端序列 .     

香蕉果实特异性ACC合酶基因启动子区的克隆及其功能初探

根据本实验室所获得的香蕉果实特异性ACC合酶cDNA序列,以改进的接头连接PCR方法通过两次步行从香蕉基因组中分别扩增并克隆了其基因5′旁侧区近端1.2kb和远端1.6kb的片段。通过拼接,构建出含有2505bp启动子区和转录起始位点下游86bp的共2591bp的基因5′旁侧区片段;其启发性动子区中34至28为推测的TATA盒序列,158至146为推测的CCAAT盒,与其它植物基因启动子结构相类似。将2.5kb启动子片段与β-葡糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因编码序列融合,用基因枪法将构建的嵌合基因转入香蕉叶、根和果实的细胞后,只在果实细胞中观察到报告基因的瞬时表达,从功能上证明了此25kb的启动子片段具有指导报告基因在香蕉果实中特异性表达的作用。同时构建5个含不同5′端缺失启动子与GUS融合基因的表达载体。瞬时表达结果表明可能负责果实特异性表达的调控区存在于转录起始位点至-1111的启动子区中,而在-1111至-608区间可能存在一个正控制区。     

猪肥胖基因5′调控区与内含子1的测序分析及其两个新微卫星的发现

根据猪肥胖基因(Obese gene,Ob)部分序列设计引物,并通过Southern杂交和杂交阳性片段的克隆进行测序,首次得到猪Ob基因内含子1和5′调控区16．4kb序列,将外显子1定位在起始密码子上游11．1kb处,同时在内含子1中发现了两个新的微卫星,命名为SW200和SW160。调控区潜在的调控元件分析显示,-1～-300bp区间包含了C／EBP和两个Sp1,可能更直接高效的调节其转录。为研究SW200和SW160与一些重要经济性状的关系,分析了等位基因和基因型频率,用SAS8．2软件分析显示,两个微卫星多态仅对二花脸猪的头胎总产仔数有显著的效应。     

Ewing氏肉瘤的分子细胞遗传学研究

用1例Ewing氏肉瘤(ES)患者(例3)的瘤组织mRNA构建了cDNA文库,从中筛选出含有与人γ-烯醇化酶(γ-cnolase,γENO)基因同源的cDNA克隆,根据其中同源性>70％的第1216和1534号核背酸序列,设计合成了1对人γENO基因特异性引物,用PCR从例3瘤组织DNA中分离出1个181bp片段。用其作DNA探针与EcoRI、BamHI及HindⅢ酶切的例1和例2患者配对的正常组织(N)和瘤组织(T)以及例3的TDNA杂交,在患者的NDNA中识别出2-6个等位片段,在例3TDNA中识别出1-4个等位片段,在例2 TDNA中识别出多个等位片段的丢失,在EcoRI酶切的例1 TDNA中识别出1个17.5kb新片段,在BamHI酶切的例1 TDNA中识别出丢失1个2.8kb片段。此外,用DIS57、D2S44、D2S3、D13S30、D17S5 5个DNA标识探针与例1和例2配对的N和TDNA杂交表明,两例患者的TDNA丢失1个D2S44等位片段,例1 TDNA有D13S30基因的部分扩增,例2 TDNA有D2S3,D13S30及D17S5基因的部分缺失,3例ES瘤细胞均存在染色体数目及结构异常,其中例2和例3有t(11;22)(q24;q12)异常。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.