小鼠S_(180)瘤细胞免疫性的初步研究

本文选用灵敏度高,特异性强的酶标免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)及A.D.C.C.测试法(Antibody Dependent Cell mediated Cytotoxicity Assay)检测到以S_(180)瘤细胞免疫的小鼠血清中有抗S_(180)瘤细胞的特异抗体。并初步探讨了S_(180)肿瘤细胞膜上的唾液酸与抗原抗体相互作用的关系。实验表明S_(180)肿瘤细胞经唾液酸酶作用,水解去除瘤细胞表面的唾液酸后,对其与特异抗体的结合反应无明显影响。这提示S_(180)瘤细胞膜表面的糖蛋白上的唾液酸未必直接参与抗原抗体的特异性结合。以上结果为进一步研究患瘤小鼠各阶段的免疫情况及寻求最佳免疫时机,为治疗肿瘤奠定了基础。     

TNF和γ干扰素的最佳协同作用

Biogen公司的科学家在6月份举行的第3次欧洲临床肿瘤学会议上报道了关于Biogen的Immuneron R γ干扰素和瘤坏死因素(TNF)的试验,在体外研究中表明,同时使用这两种蛋白质比单独使用其中任何一种对恶性细胞都有更强的杀伤力。据报道,在包括乳腺、子宫颈和结肠衍生瘤坏死细胞的很多种细胞中,已观察到了这种协同作用。该试验表明,当加入干扰素时(浓度通常是很低),大多数对TNF敏感的细胞     

建国以来我国自建的一些细胞株或系(五) 小鼠S180—V细胞系

S_(180)-V细胞系来自小鼠S180实体瘤(肉瘤S_(180)是1914年纽约Crocker实验室的一只雄鼠腋部自发肿瘤,当时诊断为癌。于1919年前转变为肉瘤,此后组织形态未发生进一步改变)。本系细胞供瘤鼠来自药物研究所。1978年初,采用细胞悬液静置培养,培液里含10—     

N-CWS灌胃对小鼠移植性肿瘤及免疫功能的影响

为了考察红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架(Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton,N-CWS)灌胃给药对小鼠的体内抑瘤效应及其免疫调节作用,采用小鼠肉瘤S_(180)的移植性肿瘤模型,检测N-CWS灌胃给药的抑瘤活性;同时观察N-CWS体内细胞毒作用和对正常小鼠的毒性、免疫器官重量、巨噬细胞(MΦ)吞噬功能及脾淋巴细胞转化的影响.结果显示,小鼠灌服N-CWS的LD_(50)＞1.2 g/kg;N-CWS 200、400、800 mg/kg剂量灌胃小鼠对S_(180)有明显的抑制作用,其抑瘤率分别为63.33%、71.11%、64.88%;与对照组比较,N-CWS可增加免疫器官重量和提升外周血白细胞数量、能明显提高小鼠MΦ的吞噬活性及显著提高淋巴细胞转化率(P＜0.05),同时N-CWS激活了的MΦ对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒效应亦明显增强(P＜0.05).因此N-CWS适用于口服给药,对小鼠移植性肿瘤有明显的抑制作用,其抗肿瘤作用可能与增强机体免疫功能有关.     

芪胶升白胶囊联合环磷酰胺对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠增效减毒作用研究

本文探讨芪胶升白胶囊(QSC)与环磷酰胺(CTX)联合应用对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠的增效减毒作用。造荷S_(180)肿瘤小鼠模型,60只荷瘤小鼠随机分为5组:模型组,CTX(30 mg/kg)组,CTX+QSC低、中、高剂量(0.5、1.0、2.0 g/kg)组。每日测量小鼠体重和肿瘤体积,分别连续给药15 d后,测小鼠血细胞计数,脏器指数和抑瘤率,HE染色法观察肿瘤组织形态,Annexin V/PI双染流式术测定肿瘤组织细胞的凋亡率。实验结果显示与CTX组比较,联合用药各剂量组的小鼠肿瘤体积均较小,抑瘤率以及肿瘤细胞凋亡率均有提高,胸腺、脾脏指数也较高,联合用药高剂量组白细胞计数增高统计学意义显著(P0.01),镜下观察肿瘤组织坏死明显,表明QSC与CTX联合使用对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠有一定的增效减毒作用。     

蛇岛蝮蛇毒分离组分抑癌作用实验研究

我们采用4×4正交拉丁方的方法,对蛇岛蝮蛇毒12组分进行抑癌实验,从中选择抑癌较好组分,最好浓度和敏感的瘤株,其结果如下。 实验设计 一、实验用药:蛇岛采集蝮蛇毒经沈阳药学院分离获得12个组分制成注射液,每只含量0.1mg。按设计分0.03mg/kg,0.05mg/kg,0.075mg/kg,对照组用生理盐水共4个浓度。 二、实验瘤株:小鼠肉瘤180(S1880)小鼠肝肉瘤(H.S),小鼠艾氏腹水癌实体瘤(E.C),小鼠纲状细胞肉瘤(A.R.S),共4种瘤型。     

利用带有原核增强子样序列的新型载体在大肠杆菌中高效表达人α肿瘤坏死因子

将去除信号肽的人肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)cDNA插入到带有原核增强子样序列Px的新型表达载体pBV320中,使TNF cDNA 5′端直接置于大肠杆菌trp启动子下游,采用37℃恒温培养,使TNF在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,表达活性达1.35(±0.17)×10~6U/L菌液。表达的TNF-α对L929细胞的毒性作用可被抗人肿瘤坏死因子-α的单克隆抗体所中和。表达菌裂解液作SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,显示有一条分子量与TNF分子量吻合、约为17000道尔顿的蛋白带。利用DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析及Sephacryl S-200凝胶过滤对上述重组人TNF-α进行纯化,获得电泳纯产品,比活性为1.48×10~6U/mg。     

采用定位基因缺失突变技术在大肠杆菌中高效表达肿瘤坏死因子

肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF)为157个氨基酸组成的细胞因子,在克隆的全良cDNA的5’端有480bp的非编码区包括76个氨基酸信号肽编码区。本文采用寡核苷酸指导下的定位基因缺失突变方法,删除了这一非编码区及信号肽序列,并在成熟TNF分子第一个氨基酸密码前插入一个翻译起始密码(ATG),形成一个限制酶NcoI的识别位点ccATGG。然后取出含有成熟TNF全基因的Nc0I—Pst I片段,插入到原核表达载体pBv220中,获得了肿瘤坏死因子的高效表达菌株。活性检测结果表明,肿瘤坏死因子的表达量可达3．42×10。Μ／L菌液。sDs－PAGE电泳凝胶扫描结果显示,肿瘤坏死因子在大肠杆菌的表达量可占细菌可溶性总蛋白量的22．8％。抗呻瘤坏死因子单克隆抗体可以中和大肠杆菌表达的肿瘤坏死因子对L929细胞的细胞毒性。sD和ATG间插入31个核苷酸可使TNF表达量降低约10倍。     

HSV体外感染对IgG产生的抑制作用和TNF及r-IFN对它的影响

本文观察了体外HSV-I感染对人淋巴细胞增殖、分化,产生免疫球蛋白的影响。HSV-I能感染PWM刺激的人扁桃体淋巴细胞,并抑制其增殖和免疫球蛋白(IgG)的产生,感染实验组的IgG产量较对照组明显降低(P<0.005)。HSV-I感染后,上清中可检出一定量的病毒,其滴度为10~(3·2)—10~(5·7)TCID50/ml;直接免疫荧光法检出病毒抗原阳性细胞为3％—8.5％。在感染实验系统中加入重组的IFN_a(r-IFN_a)、IFN_γ(r-IFN_γ)和纯化的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),观察到r-IFN。和TNF均有一定程度抗病毒作用,部分解除HSV-I对IgG产生的抑制作用。和对照组相比,差异显著(P<0.01)。r-IFN_γ对HSV-I的感染和IgG产生几乎无作用(P>0.05),但r-IFN_γ对TNF有协同作用:抑制病毒增殖和解除HSV-I对IgG产生的抑制,比单独用TNF组更为显著(P<0.01)。     

从舍蝇复眼ERG光谱敏感性的测定对R_(1-6)和R_(7、8)网膜细胞产生的敏感峰的鉴别

蝇类复眼的每个小眼包含8个小网膜细胞,其中6个为周围小网膜细胞(R_(1-6),2个为中央小网膜细胞(R_(7、8))。细胞内记录、微电极定位以及微分光度技术等方法证明,R_(1-6)的光谱敏感曲线(S_λ)有两个敏感峰(480—500nm和344—370nm)。R_7有三类S_λ,其中两类呈单峰,λ_(max)分别在440—470nm或350nm左右,另一类更常见的呈双峰,即在一个网膜细胞,这两个峰同时可记录到。R_8也有对蓝光敏感(λ_(max)在440nm左右),或黄绿光敏感(λ_(max)在520nm左右)的两类S_λ。由于蝇复眼R_(1-6)的     

Binding and crosslinking of 125I-labeled recombinant human tumor necrosis factor to cell surface receptors

Highly purified recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (molecular mass determined as 17 kilodaltons (kDa) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as 36 kDa by Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography) was labeled with 125I to a specific activity of 5 microCi/micrograms without appreciable loss of activity. The binding of 125I-TNF to eighteen human and twelve animal cell lines was examined. The binding varied considerably among different cell lines. In most cell lines, the binding was inhibited up to greater than 90% by the addition of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled TNF. Some human and mouse cell lines showed no significant binding above background levels, suggesting that these cell lines had no receptors for TNF. Among the TNF receptor-positive cell lines, there was no direct correlation between the level of specific TNF binding and the level of sensitivity to the cytotoxic or cytostatic effect of TNF. Some cell lines were sensitive to TNF, whereas others were not affected at all by TNF. The TNF receptor-negative cell lines were also resistant to TNF. Therefore, although the existence of TNF receptor seems to be necessary, it does not alone determine cellular sensitivity to TNF. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that human HeLa S3 and THP-1 had about 50,000 and 10,000 receptors/cell with a dissociation constant (KD) of 0.3-0.5 nM, respectively. Similarly, mouse L-929 and L-M cells had about 5,000 receptors/cell with KD of 3-5 nM. 125I-TNF bound to HeLa S3 cells was rapidly internalized at 37 degrees C, presumably by receptor-mediated endocytosis, and degraded to acid-soluble products. The turnover of TNF receptors on HeLA S3 cells seemed to be rapid, since the level of specific binding quickly decreased after treatment with 100 micrograms/ml of cycloheximide at 37 degrees C with a half-life of about 1.5 h. The crosslinking of the cell-bound 125I-TNF with the use of disuccinimidyl suberate yielded a complex of 105 kDa for HeLa S3 and THP-1 cells, and a complex of 100 kDa for U937 cells. The crosslinking was completely inhibited by the addition of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled TNF. Assuming that the complex was due to a one-to-one association of the dimeric form of TNF (34 kDa) with the receptor, we estimated the molecular size of the human TNF receptor to be 71 kDa for HeLa S3 and THP-1, and 66 kDa for U937.     

红托竹荪菌托多糖的提取及抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

红托竹荪菌托经热水提取、酒精沉淀、脱蛋白后的粗多糖,其得率远大于其菌丝体和子实体的其他部位及香菇子实体。菌托粗多糖进一步用DEAE纤维素柱和Sephadex G-75分离纯化,得到两个组分DRVP1与DRVP2,对分离得到的主要多糖通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）、红外光谱（IR）等进行结构分析。DRVP1的相对分子质量（Mr）为1.47×104,红外光谱数据显示为β-型甘露糖苷。体外试验表明,红托竹荪菌托多糖的组分DRVP1对小鼠S180肉瘤有一定的抑制作用。     

红托竹荪菌托多糖的提取及抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

红托竹荪菌托经热水提取、酒精沉淀、脱蛋白后的粗多糖,其得率远大于其菌丝体和子实体的其他部位及香菇子实体.菌托粗多糖进一步用DEAE纤维素柱和Sephadex G-75分离纯化,得到两个组分DRVP1与DRVP2,对分离得到的主要多糖通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)、红外光谱(IR)等进行结构分析.DRVP1的相对分子质量(Mr)为1.47×104,红外光谱数据显示为β-型甘露糖苷.体外试验表明,红托竹荪菌托多糖的组分DRVP1对小鼠S180肉瘤有一定的抑制作用.     

Purification and properties of a second enzyme catalyzing the splitting of carbon-mercury linkages from mercury-resistant Pseudomonas K-62.

An enzyme (splitting enzyme 2) which catalyzes the splitting of carbon-mercury linkage of arylmercury compounds was found in extracts of mercury-resistant Pseudomonas K-62. This enzyme was purified about 725-fold by treatment with streptomycin, precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and successive chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose. A purified preparation of the enzyme showed a single band in electrophoresis either on polyacrylamide or sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 20,000 (determined by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration) 17,000 (determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis). The enzyme showed a Km of 180 micron and a Vmax of 3.1 mumol/min per mg for p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and a Km of 250 micron and a Vmax of 20 mumol/min per mg for phenylmercuric acetate. The optimum temperature and pH for the reaction were 40 degrees C and 5.0, respectively.     

长裙竹荪凝集素的分离纯化与部分生化性质

凝集素是一类与糖专一结合的蛋白质或糖蛋白 ,具有众多的生物学性质[1～ 5] ,在细胞凝集、鉴别人类血型物质和分离纯化某些高分子化合物等都有着非常重要的作用 ,已成为生物化学、细胞学、免疫学及医学等领域中有用的科研材料 ,并被应用于临床诊断、治疗和某些工业生产[1] .自 1888年Ｈ .Ｓｔｉｌｌｍａｒｋ首次从蓖麻籽中发现凝集素以来 ,已分离纯化 10 0多种凝集素 ,约有 60种已成为商品 ,其研究开发日益受到人们的重视 .竹荪是一种著名的食、药兼用菌 ,具有许多药用功效 .由于竹荪含有多种生理活性物质 ,从竹荪子实体或菌丝体中分离到的…     

Purification and physical-chemical properties of acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase from pigeon liver

Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) from pigeon liver was purified by protamine sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-A-25 Sephadex, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, amethopterin-AH-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, and finally, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme preparation was homogeneous as judged by ultracentrifugation studies, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The N-terminal amino acid was detected to be histidine and the complete amino acid composition is reported. The enzyme contains one disulfide bridge and two cysteine residues/mol monomer. The isoelectric point was estimated to be 4.8. The molecular weight was determined to be 32900 by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium analysis, 33000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and 31600 by SDS-disc gel electrophoresis. The sedimentation coefficient from conventional sedimentation velocity runs was 3.1 S observed by ultraviolet optics. 'Active enzyme centrifugation' showed a sedimentation constant of 5.0 and 4.8 S for the purified enzyme and crude extract from pigeon liver, respectively, indicating that the enzyme forms a dimer under conditions of catalysis. It could be demonstrated that the inhibitor amethopterin was noncompetitive with respect to the acetyl donor and the acetyl acceptor. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase was examined in different organs of pigeon. The enzyme was not inducible by 1,3-phenylenediamine and hexobarbital in vivo.     

Studies on lipase from Mucor javanicus. I. Purification and properties.

1. Lipase produced by a mold, Mucor javanicus, was purified about 180-fold from the ethanol precipitate of the culture filtrate. Purification was achieved by acid precipitation followed by gel filtrations on Sephadex G-200 (at low ionic strength) and Sephadex G-75 (at a high ionic strength). The purified enzyme preparation showed unusual behavior on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be 21 000. The enzyme had a positional specificity towards the position 1 and 3 of triacylglycerols. 2. Lipase in the crude preparation takes an aggregated form. aggregated form was achieved by raising the ionic strength of the medium. 3. The purified lipase preparation from Mucor javanicus exhibits phospholipase A1 activity, hydrolyzing the carboxyl ester at the 1-position of phosphatidylcholine. This activity seems to be due to the action of the lipase itself and not due to any other specific phospholipases.     

Purification and characterization of two oxidoreductases involved in the enantioselective reduction of 3-oxo, 4-oxo and 5-oxo esters in baker's yeast

Two NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases catalyzing the enantioselective reduction of 3-oxo esters to (S)- and (R)-3-hydroxy acid esters, [hereafter called (S)- and (R)-enzymes] have been purified 121- and 332-fold, respectively, from cell extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of streptomycin sulfate treatment, Sephadex G-25 filtration, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, Sephadex G-150 filtration, Sepharose 6B filtration and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The relative molecular mass Mr, of the (S)-enzyme was estimated to be 48,000-50,000 on Sephadex G-150 column chromatography and 48,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.9 and reduced 3-oxo esters, 4-oxo and 5-oxo acids and esters enantioselectively to (S)- hydroxy compounds in the presence of NADPH. The Km values for ethyl 3-oxobutyrate, ethyl 3-oxohexanoate, 4-oxopentanoic and 5-oxohexanoic acid were determined as 0.9 mM, 5.3 mM, 17.1 mM and 13.1 mM, respectively. The Mr of the (R)-enzyme, estimated by means of column chromatography on Sepharose 6B, was 800,000. Under dissociating conditions of SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme resolved into subunits of Mr 200,000 and 210,000, respectively. The enzyme is optimally active at pH 6.1, catalyzing specifically the reduction of 3-oxo esters to (R)-hydroxy esters, using NADPH for coenzyme. Km values for ethyl 3-oxobutyrate and ethyl 3-oxohexanoate were determined as 17.0 mM and 2.0 mM, respectively. Investigations with purified fatty acid synthase of baker's yeast revealed that the (R)-enzyme was identical with a subunit of this multifunctional complex; intact fatty acid synthase (Mr 2.4 X 10(6)) showed no activity in catalyzing the reduction of 3-oxo esters.     

Purification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme from human lung.

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.15.1) was solubilized from the membrane fraction of human lung using trypsin treatment and purfied using columns of DE 52-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme was shown to convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also to inactivate bradykinin. The specific activity of the enzyme was 9.5 units/mg protein for Hippuryl-His-Leu-OH and 0.665 mumol/min per mg protein for angiotensin I. The enzymic activity obtained after trypsin treatment (1 mg/200 mg protein) for 2 h could be divided into three components: (i) an enzyme of molecular weight 290 000 (peak I), (ii) an enzyme of molecular weight 180 000 (peak II) and (iii) an enzyme of molecular weight 98 000 (peak III), by columns of DE 52-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. Km values of peak I, II and III fraction for Hippuryl-His-Leu-OH were identical at 1.1 mM. pH optimum of the enzyme was 8.3 for Hippuryl-His-Leu-OH.