红花种质资源的研究——Ⅲ.国内外一些红花的株高及影响株高因素的初步分析

由于世界各红花产区的生态环境各不相同,红花备品种间不但在含油量、油的脂肪酸组成上有着各自不同的特点,而且在植株的高度上也有很大的差异。美国科学家Knowles的研究表明:红花株高的范围从51—170厘米,来自土耳其至阿富汗的红花植株最高,来自印度的最低。Bahman研究了伊朗及美国1600多个红花品种和品系的农学特     

红花种质资源的研究——Ⅱ.高含油量红花品种的初步筛选

我国对红花籽的利用有着悠久的历史,李时珍在其著名医学巨著“本草纲目”中云:“其子五月末收,淘净捣碎煎汁入醋拌蔬菜食极肥美又可为车脂及烛”。本世纪三十     

红花种质资源的研究——国内外几种红花品种油脂脂肪酸的组成

红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)自我国西汉时期栽培至今已有两千多年历史。在我国各地,北始黑龙江,南至广东,从高海拔的青藏高原到海拔较低的福建、江苏等沿海地区均有栽培,且各自形成了丰富多采的地方类型。但长期以来都是以采花作药     

红花种质资源的研究IV、种子休眠特性的种质筛选

通过发芽试验,发现福建省霞浦县的红花(Carthamus tinctorius) BJ-26的种子在收获时具有休眠特性。     

红花种质资源的研究——Ⅳ.种子休眠特性的种质筛选

通过发芽试验,发现福建省霞浦县的红花(Carthamus tinctorius)BJ-26的种子在收获时具有休眠特性。     

中国红花种质资源的种类与分布

红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)在我国栽培历史悠久,具有重要的油用、药用、食用价值。我国的红花栽培历史和药用记载可以追溯到2 000多年前。本文详细阐述了红花在中国的引种历史、种植概况及其地理分布。目前,我国红花的商业化种植主要集中在新疆维吾尔自治区、云南省和甘肃省。河南省、四川省、浙江省等地区曾有较大规模的红花种植,并分别培育出延津红花、简阳红花、淮红花等优良品种,现在这些地区的红花种植都是零星分布。本文对红花种质资源管理、引种选育中存在的问题进行了讨论,旨在为我国红花种质资源的进一步收集、保存和选育提供参考。     

青钱柳种质资源多样性SRAP初步分析

为了利用分子标记方法评价青钱柳种质资源的遗传多样性,本文对青钱柳DNA的提取、SRAP扩增体系重要参数进行了优化,运用优化体系筛选多态性引物,并用1对引物对青钱柳9个种源进行了遗传多样性初步分析.研究结果建立了适于青钱柳SRAP的扩增体系;从110对SRAP引物中筛选出了13对多态性引物,运用1对引物组合Me7+Em2扩增获得21个多态性位点,多态率达100%.遗传多样性分析表明有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.342 9,平均Shannon's信息指数(I)为0.368 7,Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.226 7,种源的遗传分化指数Gst为0.198 3;聚类分析结果表明9个种源在遗传距离0.100处聚为3类,聚类结果和地理距离之间呈现较高的相关性.本文的研究结果表明所建立的青钱柳种质资源库具有广泛的遗传多样性,为进一步的开发利用提供了条件.     

世界红花种质的籽油脂肪酸组分评价

对引自 48个国家和地区在北京栽培的 2 0 48份红花 (CarthamustinctoriusL .)种质资源的籽油脂肪酸分析表明 ,棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸的平均含量分别为 7.30 %、1.2 8%、15 .76 %和 75 .33% ,其含量范围分别为 0 .99%～ 2 9.0 3%、0 .0 1%～ 5 .71%、5 .0 0 %～ 81.84%和 11.13%～ 88.30 %。来自不同地区的红花种质 ,各种脂肪酸的含量有较大的差异。来源于孟加拉国的红花 ,亚油酸平均含量为 5 0 .6 8% ,来源于奥地利的红花 ,亚油酸平均含量高达79.0 4%。通过评价 ,分别筛选出 10个高亚油酸和 10个高油酸的品种 ,高油酸的品种中有 3个来自孟加拉国 ,而高亚油酸的品种大多来自中国     

Development of Genomic Microsatellite Markers in Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) Using Next Generation Sequencing and Assessment of Their Cross-Species Transferability and Utility for Diversity Analysis

Background

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an Asteraceae member, yields high quality edible oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids and is resilient to dry conditions. The crop holds tremendous potential for improvement through concerted molecular breeding programs due to the availability of significant genetic and phenotypic diversity. Genomic resources that could facilitate such breeding programs remain largely underdeveloped in the crop. The present study was initiated to develop a large set of novel microsatellite markers for safflower using next generation sequencing.

Principal Findings

Low throughput genome sequencing of safflower was performed using Illumina paired end technology providing ~3.5X coverage of the genome. Analysis of sequencing data allowed identification of 23,067 regions harboring perfect microsatellite loci. The safflower genome was found to be rich in dinucleotide repeats followed by tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa-nucleotides. Primer pairs were designed for 5,716 novel microsatellite sequences with repeat length ≥ 20 bases and optimal flanking regions. A subset of 325 microsatellite loci was tested for amplification, of which 294 loci produced robust amplification. The validated primers were used for assessment of 23 safflower accessions belonging to diverse agro-climatic zones of the world leading to identification of 93 polymorphic primers (31.6%). The numbers of observed alleles at each locus ranged from two to four and mean polymorphism information content was found to be 0.3075. The polymorphic primers were tested for cross-species transferability on nine wild relatives of cultivated safflower. All primers except one showed amplification in at least two wild species while 25 primers amplified across all the nine species. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered C. tinctorius accessions and wild species separately into two major groups. The proposed progenitor species of safflower, C. oxyacantha and C. palaestinus were genetically closer to cultivated safflower and formed a distinct cluster. The cluster analysis also distinguished diploid and tetraploid wild species of safflower.

Conclusion

Next generation sequencing of safflower genome generated a large set of microsatellite markers. The novel markers developed in this study will add to the existing repertoire of markers and can be used for diversity analysis, synteny studies, construction of linkage maps and marker-assisted selection.     

Effects of zinc and salinity on growth and anatomical structure of Carthamus tinctorius L.

Changes in growth and anatomical structure of vascular tissues in stem, root and leaf of safflower plants grown in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions having different osmotic potentials (ΨS from 0 to -0.9 MPa) with addition of 0, 10 and 20 mg dm-3 zinc were studied. Shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry masses and fresh/dry mass ratio were lower in salt-stressed plants compared to unstressed plants. Salinity induced structural changes in stem, root and leaf tissues; few xylem vessels with smaller size were noticed in stressed plants. The higher concentration of Zn improved growth especially in roots and enhanced xylem formation in comparison to stressed plants grown at the same osmotic potential without Zn. Zn also protected xylem distructure by salinity in leaves. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

南京地区药用植物资源调查

对南京地区的药用植物资源进行了初步调查,据植物分类学统计,南京地区有药用植物107科281属357种,其中蕨类植物12科12属12种,种子植物95科269属345种.对数种江苏特产和稀有的药用植物进行了介绍.     

柠条锦鸡儿香豆酸-3-羟化酶基因克隆及其功能初步研究

香豆酸-3-羟化酶(Coumarate 3-Hydroxylase,C3H)是木质素生物合成途径中的关键酶之一.以柠条锦鸡儿为材料,利用RACE技术克隆了C3H基因.对柠条锦鸡儿C3H基因的gDNA和cDNA全长分析显示该基因具有3个外显子,2个内含子,编码框长度为1530bp,编码509个氨基酸.预测该基因编码蛋白的等电点位7.67,分子量约57.61 kDa.氨基酸序列分析显示具有一个保守的P450结构域.系统进化分析表明该蛋白与大豆C3H具有最高的同源性,将该基因命名为CkC3H,GeneBank登录号为HQ829858.构建了35S启动子驱动的CkC3H基因植物表达载体,互补拟南芥C3H(CYP98A3)基因突变体ref8,转基因植物表型得以部分恢复.这些结果说明柠条锦鸡儿CkC3H与拟南芥C3H至少具有部分相同的功能.     

The acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and the metabolism of phosphatidate in microsomal preparations from the developing cotyledons of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed.

Microsomal preparations from the developing cotyledons of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) catalysed the acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in the presence of acyl-CoA. The resulting phosphatidate was further utilized in the synthesis of diacyl- and tri-acylglycerol by the reactions of the so-called 'Kennedy pathway' [Kennedy (1961) Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 20, 934-940]. Diacylglycerol equilibrated with the phosphatidylcholine pool when glycerol backbone, with the associated acyl groups, flowed from phosphatidate to triacylglycerol. The formation of diacylglycerol from phosphatidate through the action of a phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (phosphatidase) was substantially inhibited by EDTA and, under these conditions, phosphatidate accumulated in the microsomal membranes. The inhibition of the phosphatidase by EDTA was alleviated by Mg2+. The presence of Mg2+ in all incubation mixtures stimulated quite considerably the synthesis of triacylglycerol in vitro. Microsomal preparations incubated with acyl-CoA, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and EDTA synthesized sufficient phosphatidate for the reliable analysis of its intramolecular fatty acid distribution. In the presence of mixed acyl-CoA substrates the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate was acylated exclusively in position 1 with the saturated fatty acids, palmitate and stearate. The polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleate was, however, utilized largely in the acylation of position 2 of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. The affinity of the enzymes involved in the acylation of positions 1 and 2 of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate for specific species of acyl-CoA therefore governs the non-random distribution of the different acyl groups in the seed triacylglycerols. The acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in position 1 with saturated acyl components also accounts for the presence of these groups in position 1 of sn-phosphatidylcholine through the equilibration of diacylglycerol with the phosphatidylcholine pool, which occurs when phosphatidate is utilized in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. These results add further credence to our previous proposals for the regulation of the acyl quality of the triacylglycerols that accumulate in developing oil seeds [Stymne & Stobart (1984) Biochem. J. 220, 481-488; Stobart & Stymne (1985) Planta 163, 119-125].     

影响江苏省道地药材野马追产量的生态因子分析

野马追是江苏省著名的道地药材之一,全草入药,是祛痰、止咳、治疗慢性支气管炎效果显著的天然药物,在临床上具有很重要的应用价值.市场上该药材的需求量很大,目前主要依靠人工栽培来满足市场的需求.通过对江苏省野马追主要生产地区的生长环境与野马追生物量之间相关性的分析,探讨了土壤氮钾含量、pH、间种等环境因素都对野马追生物量的影响规律.结果显示,野马追适宜在微酸环境中生长,以pH6.0左右为最佳,不适与其他作物间种,土壤中碱解氮含量为28～30 mg/kg,速效钾含量230～240mg/kg时有利于其生物量增加.人工栽培过程中应尽量满足野马追生物量增加的最适条件,提高野马追引种驯化成功率,确保人工栽培野马追的药材品质和产量.     

新疆巩乃斯沟药用植物资源多样性研究

从数量、生活型、药用部位等方面对巩乃斯沟药用植物多样性进行了研究。巩乃斯沟的药用植物资源具有丰富的多样性,共有野生药用植物54科260多种,分别占伊犁河谷地区药用植物科、种数的54.54%和46.34%。其中珍稀濒危药用种子植物21种,新疆道地药材8种,蒙医药地道药材38种;多年生草本类型占该区药用种子植物总数的70%以上;全草类和根类药用植物最多,分别占该区药用种子植物总数的50.84%和21.40%,大多数种类属于北温带分布区类型;优势科主要有菊科、蔷薇科、毛茛科和豆科,优势属主要有蒿属,毛茛属和委陵菜属。本文提出了保护和开发利用的具体建议。