External Validation of a Predictive Model for Acute Pancreatitis Risk in Patients with Severe Hypertriglyceridemia

Objective: We previously developed a predictive model to assess the risk of developing acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). In this study, we aimed to externally validate this model.Methods: The validation cohort included cross-sectional data between 2013 and 2017. Adult patients (≥18 years old) with triglyceride levels ≥1,000 mg/dL were identified. Based on our previous 4-factor predictive model (age, triglyceride &lsqb;TG], excessive alcohol use, and gallstone disease), we estimated the probability of developing AP. Model performance was assessed using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Results: In comparison to the original cohort, patients in the validation cohort had more prevalent acute pancreatitis (16.2% versus 9.2%; P<.001) and gallstone disease (7.5% versus 2.1%; P<.001). Other characteristics were comparable and not statistically significant. The AUROCs were almost identical: 0.8337 versus 0.8336 in the validation and the original cohorts, respectively. In univariable analyses, the highest increase in odds of AP was associated with HTG, followed by gallstones, excessive alcohol use, and younger age.Conclusion: This study externally validates the 4-factor predictive model to estimate the risk of AP in adult patients with severe HTG (TG ≥1,000 mg/dL). Younger age was confirmed to place patients at high risk of AP. The clinical risk categories suggested in this study may be useful to guide treatment options.Abbreviations: AP = acute pancreatitis; ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; AUROC = area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; FRAX = fracture risk assessment tool; HTG = hypertriglyceridemia; OR = odds ratio; TG = triglyceride level     

Dynamic Near-Infrared Optical Imaging of 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake by Intracranial Glioma of Athymic Mice

Background

It is recognized that cancer cells exhibit highly elevated glucose metabolism compared to non-tumor cells. We have applied in vivo optical imaging to study dynamic uptake of a near-infrared dye-labeled glucose analogue, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) by orthotopic glioma in a mouse model.

Methodology and Principal Findings

The orthotopic glioma model was established by surgically implanting U87-luc glioma cells into the right caudal nuclear area of nude mice. Intracranial tumor growth was monitored longitudinally by bioluminescence imaging and MRI. When tumor size reached >4 mm diameter, dynamic fluorescence imaging was performed after an injection of the NIR labeled 2-DG, IRDye800CW 2-DG. Real-time whole body images acquired immediately after i.v. infusion clearly visualized the near-infrared dye circulating into various internal organs sequentially. Dynamic fluorescence imaging revealed significantly higher signal intensity in the tumor side of the brain than the contralateral normal brain 24 h after injection (tumor/normal ratio, TNR  = 2.8±0.7). Even stronger contrast was achieved by removing the scalp (TNR  = 3.7±1.1) and skull (TNR  = 4.2±1.1) of the mice. In contrast, a control dye, IRDye800CW carboxylate, showed little difference (1.1±0.2). Ex vivo fluorescence imaging performed on ultrathin cryosections (20 µm) of tumor bearing whole brain revealed distinct tumor margins. Microscopic imaging identified cytoplasmic locations of the 2-DG dye in tumor cells.

Conclusion and Significance

Our results suggest that the near-infrared dye labeled 2-DG may serve as a useful fluorescence imaging probe to noninvasively assess intracranial tumor burden in preclinical animal models.     

重症急性胰腺炎肠内营养喂养不耐受的影响因素分析及腹内压的预测价值探讨

摘要 目的：分析重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的影响因素,并探讨腹内压对其的预测价值。方法：选取2018年1月～2021年1月江苏省人民医院ICU收治的80例SAP患者,均经三腔鼻空肠管实施肠内营养治疗,统计肠内营养不耐受发生情况。收集所有患者的临床资料,多因素Logistic回归分析SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析腹内压对SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的预测价值。结果：80例SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受发生率为53.75%（43/80）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁（OR=4.679,95%CI：1.549～23.078,P=0.026）、肠内营养开始时间≥72 h（OR=7.069,95%CI：1.700～29.395,P=0.007）、腹内压≥15 mmHg（OR=4.495,95%CI：1.137～17.770,P=0.032）为SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的危险因素,而白蛋白≥3 5 g/L（OR=0.264,95%CI：0.073～0.956,P=0.042）、添加膳食纤维（OR=0.178,95%CI：0.048～0.662,P=0.010）是SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的保护因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,腹内压预测SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的曲线下面积为0.809（95%CI：0.706～0.888）,敏感性为79.07%,特异性为72.97%。结论：SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受与年龄、肠内营养开始时间、腹内压、白蛋白水平、是否添加膳食纤维有关,腹内压对SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受具有一定预测价值。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者早期肠内营养治疗的作用及价值探讨

目的:探讨经鼻空肠管早期行肠内营养(EN)在重症急性胰腺炎(S AP)治疗中的作用。方法:40例SAP患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各20例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用肠内营养。观察两组治疗前后血清白蛋白和淀粉酶水平、血浆内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α水平的变化情况。考察治愈率症、感染率、病死率、平均住院时间及费用。结果:治疗组患者行肠内营养后,血浆内毒素、TNF-α下降速度明显快于对照组P<0.05,感染率、平均住院时间与费用明显降低。结论:EN能改善ASP患者的营养状况,改善肠道黏膜屏障及降低炎性细胞因子分泌来加强治疗效果,是SAP重要治疗手段。     

早期肠内营养在重症急性胰腺炎中的应用

目的:探讨早期肠内营养在重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的应用价值。方法:将重症急性胰腺炎患者30例分为实验组和对照组,对照组予以常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗的基础上通过鼻空肠管予以早期肠内营养,记录患者WBC、CRP、血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶恢复时间、白蛋白变化情况、感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间、住院费用等。结果:实验组WBC、CRP、血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶恢复时间较对照组明显低,有显著性差异(P<0.05);实验组血清白蛋白升高较对照组明显高,有显著性差异(P<0.05);实验组感染率、病死率、并发症发生率较对照组明显低,但无显著差别(P>0.05);实验组住院时间、住院费用较对照组低,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:早期肠内营养可以改善急性重症胰腺炎营养状况,缩短病程、减低感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间及住院费用。     

生长抑素联合抑肽酶治疗急性重症胰腺炎临床疗效观察

目的:观察生长抑素联合抑肽酶治疗急性重症胰腺炎的临床疗效.方法:将急性重症胰腺炎患者48例随机分为两组:A组和B组,A组患者在常规治疗基础上加用生长抑素联合抑肤酶治疗,B组患者在常规治疗基础上加用生长抑素.比较两组患者的腹痛、腹胀缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、WBC恢复正常时间以及感染率、痛死率、并发症发生率、住院时间和住院费用.结果:A组患者腹痛、腹胀缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、WBC恢复正常时间较B组明显缩短,感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间及住院费用较B组明显降低.结论:生长抑素联合抑肽酶治疗急性重症胰腺炎效果明显,可较早缓解症状并缩短病程、降低感染率、病死率、并发症发生率从而缩短住院时间,降低住院费用.     

入院MPV/PLT、NPAR对重症急性胰腺炎患者并发急性肾损伤的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨入院平均血小板体积与血小板计数比值（MPV/PLT）、中性粒细胞百分率与白蛋白比值（NPAR）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者并发急性肾损伤（AKI）的预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院重症医学科收治的117例SAP患者,根据是否并发AKI分为AKI组23例和非AKI组94例。计算入院时MPV/PLT、NPAR,采用多因素Logistic回归分析SAP并发AKI的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析MPV/PLT、NPAR对SAP患者并发AKI的预测价值。结果：与非AKI组比较,AKI组MPV/PLT、NPAR升高（P＜0.05）。AKI组心率、呼吸频率快于非AKI组,平均动脉压低于非AKI组,乳酸脱氢酶、血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）高于非AKI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BUN、Scr、MPV/PLT、NPAR升高为SAP患者并发AKI的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,BUN、Scr、MPV/PLT、NPAR四项联合预测SAP患者并发AKI的AUC大于单独预测。结论：入院MPV/PLT、NPAR升高与SAP患者并发AKI相关,在BUN、Scr基础上联合MPV/PLT、NPAR能提高预测SAP患者并发AKI的效能,可能成为SAP患者并发AKI的辅助预测指标。     

Resveratrol Ameliorates the Deleterious Effect of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Resveratrol (RES) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine having anti-inflammatory properties. We sought to explore the role of RES in intestinal injury during severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in a rat model study. For this purpose, RES-treated and sham-operated (SO) SAP rat models were established, and SAP was induced in rats by injecting 4% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. In the RES group, RES was infused intravenously immediately after the SAP induction in rats; SO group served as controls. Histopathological analysis, determination of tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum levels of TNF-α as well as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were carried out at 3, 6, and 12 h following SAP induction. The data show that following SAP induction, SOD levels decreased and MDA levels increased along with ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in the intestine. Serum TNF-α levels increased in the SAP group. Importantly, RES treatment significantly reversed all the pathological changes. In conclusion, this study confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of RES and demonstrated the prevention of injury to the intestinal barrier in the rat SAP model.     

高脂血症性急性重症胰腺炎特征分析及治疗策略

目的:探讨高脂血症性急性重症胰腺炎(HSAP)患者的临床特点及诊疗分析,为急性重症胰腺炎(SAP)的诊治提供偱证依据。方法:回顾性分析了我科自2008年9月到2013年9月收治的101例急性胰腺炎患者血清脂肪酶、淀粉酶浓度、酶恢复时间、白细胞、甘油三酯差异以分析高脂血症性急性重症胰腺炎患者的病情转归情况。结果:HSAP患者甘油三酯(TG)水平男性明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HSAP患者入院后经过降脂药物治疗HSAP与其他SAP相比较甘油三酯(TG)在短期内基本恢复正常,HSAP中白细胞、酶恢复时间低于其他SAP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HSAP与高脂血症性急性轻型胰腺炎(HMAP)相比较两组间淀粉酶、脂肪酶、甘油三酯比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),白细胞、酶恢复时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HSAP患者TG水平可能与患者的性别有一定的相关性;HSAP患者的病情转归可能与甘油三酯水平相关;甘油三酯水平不能直接决定高脂血症性急性胰腺炎患者病情的轻重。     

空肠营养对重症急性胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨早期空肠营养对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的疗效。方法:118名重症急性胰腺炎患者随机分为EN组和TPN组,比较两组SAP病人住院时间、费用、感染率、并发症及死亡率等。结果:TPN组住院时间长,费用高,感染率、并发症及病死率高,差异具有显著性。结论:早期空肠营养支持可明显改善SAP病情,提高治疗效果。     

谷氨酰胺对重症急性胰腺炎的营养治疗作用

继发感染是急性重症胰腺炎患者死亡的主要原因,细菌易位是导致胰腺感染的主要因素。用谷氨酰胺制剂可以防止细菌易位。加强肠黏膜防御功能,是治疗急性重症胰腺炎的有效制剂。本文综述了谷氨酰胺治疗急性重症胰腺炎的研究进展和作用机制。     

空肠营养对重症急性胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨早期空肠营养对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的疗效。方法：118名重症急性胰腺炎患者随机分为EN组和TPN组．比较两组SAP病人住院时间、费用、感染率、并发症及死亡率等。结果：TPN组住院时间长,费用高,感染率、并发症及病死率高。差异具有显著性。结论：早期空肠营养支持可明显改善SAP病情,提高治疗效果。     

Prediction of Severe Acute Pancreatitis Using a Decision Tree Model Based on the Revised Atlanta Classification of Acute Pancreatitis

Objective

To develop a model for the early prediction of severe acute pancreatitis based on the revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis.

Methods

Clinical data of 1308 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) were included in the retrospective study. A total of 603 patients who were admitted to the hospital within 36 hours of the onset of the disease were included at last according to the inclusion criteria. The clinical data were collected within 12 hours after admission. All the patients were classified as having mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) based on the revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis. All the 603 patients were randomly divided into training group (402 cases) and test group (201 cases). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for the development of SAP in the training group. Then the prediction model was constructed using the decision tree method, and this model was applied to the test group to evaluate its validity.

Results

The decision tree model was developed using creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and oxygenation index to predict SAP. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of SAP in the training group were 80.9% and 90.0%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity in the test group were 88.6% and 90.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

The decision tree model based on creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and oxygenation index is more likely to predict the occurrence of SAP.     

双氯灭痛胶浆对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠的治疗作用机制

目的:研究双氯灭痛胶浆对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗作用及机制探讨.方法:将大鼠随机分成双氯灭痛胶浆治疗组(Ds)、重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP)和正常对照组(N),术后分别于12、24和36h处死,观察血清淀粉酶、SOD、CAT、NO、丙二醛(MDA)、核因子κB(NF-κB)、及胰腺大体病理及光镜下病理变化.结果:治疗组的淀粉酶、NF-κB、NO、MDA、胰腺组织的Hughes评分均明显降低、SOD、CAT、明显升高(P＜0.05).结论:双氯灭痛胶浆对大鼠SAP有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与抑制NF-κB等前致炎物质的释放,清除自由基和抗脂质过氧化反应,抑制胰腺组织中的中性粒细胞的浸润及其活化程度有关.     

参芪扶正注射液对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎的治疗作用

目的:研究参芪扶正注射液对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗作用。方法:66只Wistar大鼠随机分为:SAP假手术组(SO组),SAP模型组(SAP组)和参芪扶正注射液治疗组(SQ组),胆胰管逆行注射50g.l~(-1)牛磺胆酸钠复制大鼠SAP模型。造模成功后2、4、8、12、24 h检测血清中TNF-α、IL-6和ALT水平,观察肝脏组织病理改变。结果:与SO组相比,SAP组及SQ组血清中TNF-α、IL-6和ALT水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与SAP组相比,从8 h开始SQ组血清中TNF-α、IL-6和ALT水平开始下降(P<0.05),两组的肝脏病理改变无统计学意义。结论:参芪扶正注射液可以降低SAP时血清中ALT、TNF-α和IL-6水平,但不能改善肝脏组织的病理损伤程度,对SAP的发生、发展可能有一定的预防作用。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者并发感染的临床特征及相关危险因素分析

目的:分析重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者并发感染的临床特征及感染的相关危险因素。方法:选择我院2009年1月至2014年1月收治的SAP患者152例,所有患者入院后,根据有无发生并发感染分为感染组(n=48)和非感染组(n=105),详细记录两组临床资料,并对SAP患者并发感染的相关危险因素进行多因素回归分析。结果:152例SAP患者中有48例发生并发感染,并发感染率为31.58%,对感染组患者标本进行分析,检出病原菌58株,以肠杆菌属为主,其中阴沟肠杆菌最多,占比22.41%。经单因素及多因素回归分析显示年龄≥60岁、器官衰竭个数增加、禁食时间延长是SAP并发感染的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:内源性感染是SAP患者并发感染的主要原因,且临床诊治中应针对SAP并发感染的独立危险因素,及早给予必要的干预,降低SAP患者并发感染的风险。     

Resveratrol Suppresses Microcirculatory Disturbance in a Rat Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

The present study sought to understand the mechanisms of attenuation of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by resveratrol (RES). SAP was experimentally induced in rats by injection of 4 % sodium taurocholate in the retrograde pancreatic duct. Three study groups were evaluated: Group I (sham-operated animals), Group II (SAP animals), and Group III (SAP animals treated with RES at 20 mg/kg/body weight, 5 min after induction of SAP). The study outcomes were histopathologic changes and alterations in biochemical markers: plasma renin activity and levels of angiotensin II, endothelin, and nitric oxide in plasma. Biochemical markers were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 h after induction of SAP. SAP was associated with significant (p < 0.05) histopathologic changes (saponification spots in the intraperitoneal cavity, severe pancreatic edema, blood congestion, varying degrees of necrosis, etc.), as well as with elevation of biochemical markers in blood plasma. RES treatment significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated changes of both histopathologic and biochemical markers induced by SAP. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that RES treatment is a promising therapeutic approach to suppress microcirculatory disturbance in SAP.     

The Predictive Value of the Boston Acute Stroke Imaging Scale (BASIS) in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients among Chinese Population

Objective

Evaluate the predictive value of Boston Acute Stroke Imaging Scale (BASIS) in acute ischemic stroke in Chinese population.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. 566 patients of acute ischemic stroke were classified as having a major stroke or minor stroke based on BASIS. We compared short-term outcome (death, occurrence of complications, admission to intensive care unit [ICU] or neurological intensive care unit [NICU]), long-term outcome (death, recurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction, modified Rankin scale) and economic index including in-hospital cost and length of hospitalization. Continuous variables were compared by using the Student t test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Categorical variables were tested with the Chisquare test. Cox regression analysis was applied to identify whether BASIS was the independent predictive variable of death.

Results

During hospitalization, 9 patients (4.6%) died in major stroke group while no patients died in minor stroke group (p<0.001), 12 patients in the major stroke group and 5 patients in minor stroke group were admitted to ICU/NICU (p = 0.001). There were more complications (cerebral hernia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection) in major stroke group than minor stroke group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the average cost of hospitalization in major stroke group was 3,100 US$ and 1,740 US$ in minor stroke group (p<0.001); the average length of stay in major and minor stroke group was 21.3 days and 17.3 days respectively (p<0.001). Results of the follow-up showed that 52 patients (26.7%) died in major stroke group while 56 patients (15.1%) died in minor stroke group (P<0.001). 62.2% of the patients in major stroke group and 80.4% of the patients in minor stroke group were able to live independently (P = 0.002). The survival analysis showed that patients with major stroke had 80% higher of risk of death than patients with minor stroke even after adjusting traditional atherosclerotic factors and NIHSS at baseline (HR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1).

Conclusion

BASIS can predict in-hospital mortality, occurrence of complication, length of stay and hospitalization cost of the acute ischemic stroke patients and can also estimate the long term outcome (death and the dependency). BASIS could and should be used as a dichotomous stroke classification system in the daily practice.     

丹参和甘遂在重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的联合应用

目的:探讨丹参和甘遂联合应用对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗价值。方法:我院收治的SAP患者62例随机分为常规治疗组和联合治疗组(常规治疗加丹参和甘遂联合治疗)两组。比较两组间腹痛缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、体温恢复时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间;局部并发症;ARDS、休克、肾功能衰竭、胰性脑病等全身并发症;平均住院时间、ICU住院时间、中转手术数和死亡例数。结果:与常规治疗组比较,联合治疗组中腹痛缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、局部和全身并发症发生率、平均住院时间、ICU住院时间、死亡率显著减少(P<0.05),但体温恢复时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间和中转手术数无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:在常规治疗基础上,联合应用丹参和甘遂对SAP具有缓解病情,降低平均住院时间和死亡率的作用。