不同采收期珊瑚菜中香豆素含量的比较

应用高效液相色谱技术,分析了当年生珊瑚菜栽培后期4个采收时期的根、叶以及采后根去皮处理对香豆素含量的影响.结果显示:(1)珊瑚菜的根中,香豆素的含量和产量在10月15日均达到最高,分别为0.077 2 mg*g-1和1.087 8 mg/株,且显著高于其他采收期,其中,补骨脂素在栽培后期含量相差不大,欧前胡素和异欧前胡素均在10月15日含量最高.(2)珊瑚菜的叶中,不同采收期均有一定量的香豆素存在,其中在9月15日采收时,香豆素的含量和产量均极显著高于其他采收期,分别达到0.206 5 mg*g-1和1.317 5 mg/株,为同期根中香豆素含量和产量的4.4倍和2.0倍.(3)珊瑚菜根经水烫去皮处理后香豆素总量急剧下降到0.008 1 mg*g-1,与同期采收未去皮处理的根相比,去皮后根内香豆素总含量、补骨脂素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素含量分别下降了87.7%、100%、82.76%、85.25%.(4)9月15日采收的珊瑚菜单株(根+叶)香豆素总产量(根+叶)极显著高于其他采收期,达1.980 2 mg/株,其次为10月15日1.157 5 mg/株.研究表明:珊瑚菜叶应作为提取香豆素的重要原材料,采收时应一起收获;对珊瑚菜根去皮处理会导致根的药用质量大幅度下降,生产中应明确禁止; 珊瑚菜的采收期应依据其用途决定,以根直接入药应选择10月15日采收,作为提取香豆素生产原料应选择9月15日采收.     

稀有濒危植物珊瑚菜的染色体特征及其演化地位

首次分析了珊瑚菜（ Ｇｌｅｈｎｉａ ｌｉｔｔｏｒａｌｉｓ） 根尖体细胞染色体组型。其核型公式为２ ｎ ＝ ２２＝ １８Ｍ ＋ ４Ｓｍ （２Ｓａｔ） , 核型不对称性属于２Ａ 型。据此讨论了该属在我国伞形科稀有濒危单型属和当归亚族中的演化地位。     

珊瑚菜不同部位香豆素含量的研究

应用高效液相色谱技术,对珊瑚菜（Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.）的果实、叶和根以及采后去皮入药的根和根皮中的补骨脂素、欧前胡素和异欧前胡素3种香豆素的含量进行了测定。结果显示：（1）3种香豆素在果实、叶与根、根皮中均有积累,总含量在果实中最高,为0.6364mg·g-1,根中为0.0657mg·g-1,根皮中为0.0312mg·g-1,叶中为0.0151mg·g-1,采后去皮处理的根中最低,仅为0.0081mg·g-1。（2）珊瑚菜根经水烫去皮处理后香豆素含量急剧下降,与同期采收未去皮处理的根相比,去皮后根内香豆素总含量、补骨脂素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素含量分别下降了87.7%、100%、82.76%、85.25%。（3）与未去皮的根相比,处理后的根皮中香豆素总量、补骨脂素、欧前胡素和异欧前胡素含量分别是未去皮处理的珊瑚菜根中的47.42%、31.37%、51.54%和53.28%。研究表明：从充分利用香豆素成分的角度出发,根入药时应带根皮使用,另外,叶和根皮不应丢弃,均可收集作为提取香豆素新的植物资源,果实中香豆素含量很高,亦可作为香豆素资源。     

珊瑚菜中香豆素的组织化学定位

利用冷冻切片技术和常规石蜡制片技术,分别通过荧光显微镜和光学显微镜对珊瑚菜的根、叶片、叶柄等部位中的香豆素进行了组织化学定位。研究表明:香豆素存在于珊瑚菜的分泌道中,在荧光显微镜下发蓝色荧光;分泌道广泛分布于植物体中,在根中,分布在次生韧皮部中;在叶片中,分布在叶脉的薄壁组织中;在叶柄中,分布在维管束周围以及厚角组织内侧的薄壁组织中。     

渐危植物珊瑚菜试管植株的培养

渐危植物珊瑚菜试管植株的培养惠红１蒋宁２刘启新１（１江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４,２美国佐治亚大学园艺系,美国ＧＡ３０６０２）Ｏｎｔｈｅｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｅｓｔ┐ｔｕｂｅｐｌａｎｔｌｅｔｆｒｏｍｒｈｉｚｏｍｅｓｏｆｔｈｒｅａｔｅｎ...     

珊瑚菜居群遗传多样性的SRAP分析

利用SRAP对伞形科单种属珊瑚菜7个野生居群和1个栽培居群进行了研究。结果表明:共筛选出8个引物组合,在珊瑚菜8个居群中共扩增出168条条带,其中多态性条带为118条,多态性比率为70.23%;平均每对引物扩增的多态性条带为14.75。各居群之间珊瑚菜遗传相似性系数范围为0.8306~0.9836,遗传距离范围为0.0165~0.1856。聚类分析表明,以相似性系数大于0.8并结合地理分布来看,所研究的野生珊瑚菜居群可以大体分为3类,辽宁大连的野生居群为一类,山东威海—山东青岛的居群为一类,而山东日照—广州深圳之间的为一类。     

渐危植物珊瑚菜种子活力和萌发率测定

种子传播与萌发关系到植物定居、繁育和分布等重要问题,种子萌发的成功率决定于种子本身的质量和习性,以及地表环境的空间异质性.     

濒危物种珊瑚菜遗传多样性的ISSR分析

该研究采用ISSR分子标记对中国10个居群的241个珊瑚菜样本进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示:8条引物共检测到76条清晰谱带,其中多样性条带64条;POPGENE分析显示,其物种水平多样性条带百分率(PPB)为84.21%,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.562 8,Shannon多样性指数(I*)为0.866 3,Nei’s遗传多样性指数(h*)为0.342 5,居群间的遗传分化系数(GST)为0.205,基因流(Nm)为1.939 1,表明野生珊瑚菜具有较高的遗传多样性,且大部分遗传多样性存在于居群内;AMOVA分析显示,珊瑚菜居群间遗传分化水平(FST)为0.259 1,也表明珊瑚菜居群内变异大于居群间变异。研究认为,珊瑚菜的濒危原因主要来源于野生生态环境的破坏,应当加强种质资源的保护。     

中国沿海中部珊瑚菜居群等位酶变异及其遗传多样性

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,分析了我国沿海中部（江苏、山东和浙江）海滨沙滩珊瑚菜（Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.)7个居群8种酶系统19个位点的等位基因遗传变异特征,结果表明居群内多态位点比率平均为82．4％,每一位点平均等位基因数为2．77,有效等位基因数为2．24,固定指数F的平均值为－0．091。珊瑚菜居群基因多样性80．9％产生于居群内,19．1％产生于居群间。居群间的遗传距离平均为0．317,遗传一致性为0．728,居群内维持着较高水平的遗传多样性。据此,对珊瑚菜的渐危机理进行了讨论。     

珊瑚菜植株分泌道发育和分布的解剖学观察

利用植物解剖学方法对珊瑚菜（Glehnia littoralis Fr．Schmidt ex Miq．）体内分泌道的发育和分布进行了观察。结果表明,珊瑚菜的分泌道有分枝,为溶生型,由1层分泌细胞围绕腔道而成。珊瑚菜叶片的分泌道发育较早,在幼叶阶段即发育成形。在根的次生韧皮部、根状茎的皮层和靠近初生木质部的髓部、叶脉的薄壁组织、叶柄维管束周围和厚角组织内侧的薄壁组织、花序轴正对维管束的皮层薄壁组织中以及果实的果壁维管束内外侧的薄壁组织中均分布有分泌道,分泌道在珊瑚菜体内分布广泛。     

In vitro propagation of Glehnia littoralis from shoot-tips

Shoot cultures of Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq. (Umbelliferae) were established by placing shoot tip explants on Linsmaier and Skoog medium with 1 M NAA and 10 M BAP. Shoots were multiplied on the basal medium supplemented with 0.3 M NAA and 3 M BAP and rooted on medium containing either 1 M IBA or 3–10 M IAA. Plantlets survived in pots without any covering. This unique characteristic of the plantlets was ascribed partly to a well-developed cuticle on the surface of the leaf and the small ratio of surface area to fresh weight of a leaf blade in comparison with those of other species whose plantlets needed coverings after potting. The regenerated plantlets were finally transferred to soil.Abbreviations IAA potassium indole-3-acetate - IBA indole-3-butyric acid - IPA indole-3-propionic acid - NAA potassium 1-naphthaleneacetate - 2,4-D sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - 2-iP N⁶-(2-isopentenyl)adenine     

Somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryo culture of Glehnia littoralis

In vitro somatic embryogenesis of Glehnia littoralis Fr. schm. was observed when zygotic embryos were cultured on a medium containing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.01-10 μM), with 1 μM being the optimum. Microscopic observations revealed globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped embryo formations and plantlet regeneration. These somatic embryos seemed to be produced directly from cells of the zygotic embryos used as explants. Of seven types of media tested, Nitsch's medium showed the highest rate of somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos developed into normal plantlets and were able to be potted. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Iron availability alters ascorbate-induced stress metabolism in Glehnia littoralis root cultures

Our previous study indicated that formation of furanocoumarin phytoalexins could be induced in Glehnia littoralis root cultures by treatment with 10–40 mM ascorbic acid (AsA). This furanocoumarin production is much less evident when G. littoralis roots are treated with AsA under iron-deficient conditions. Instead, two large unknown peaks appeared in the HPLC chromatogram, whose chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as being 6, β-dihydroxyphenethyl ferulate (DF) and 6-hydroxyphenethyl ferulate (HF), respectively. Their maximal level of induction was observed at 20 mM AsA, and the production of DF always exceeded that of HF. This is the first report of these compounds in G. littoralis and of the modulation of the phytoalexin biosynthetic pathway in G. littoralis by iron deficiency.     

Responses of anthocyanin-producing and non-producing cells of Glehnia littoralis to radical generators.

The responses of anthocyanin-producing (violet) and non-producing (white) cells of Glehnia littoralis to radical generators were compared. Cell growth, anthocyanin content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and furanocoumarin production were determined after treatment with H(2)O(2), 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), X-ray and yeast extract, independently. AAPH and H(2)O(2) repressed the growth of both violet and white cells, but violet cells grew better than white cells. On the other hand, the anthocyanin content in violet cells decreased. Neither X-ray nor yeast extract affected cell growth or pigment production. Treatment with H(2)O(2), yeast extract, and X-ray, but not AAPH, induced PAL activity and furanocoumarin production in white cell cultures, whereas violet cell cultures did not produce furanocoumarin following any of the treatment employed.