罗田的榉树风水林

榉树（Ｚｅｌｋｏｖａｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒｎｉｎａ）,属榆科榉树属落叶乔木。产于淮河流域和长江中下游及其以南地区,喜光、喜温暖湿润气候及肥沃的酸性、中性钙质土,常散生或混生于阔叶林中。木材光泽美丽,强韧硬重,耐水湿,为造船、桥梁、建筑及室内装修和高级家具的常用材。近年来,由于资源需求量加大,因而长期遭到破坏。为了保护这一珍贵用材树种,国家已将其列为二级重点保护野生植物。最近,湖北省野生动物和森林植物保护站的专家在地处大别山区的罗田县发现特大古榉树的小群落。该县九资河镇赵家拗村发现一株特大古榉树。该树…     

珍稀濒危楠木类树种资源保育现状及应用前景

保护生物多样性不仅是国家战略，已上升为全球使命，而生物多样性保护离不开珍稀濒危植物的保护利用。楠木类树种为亚热带和热带树种，是组成常绿阔叶林的主要树种，亦是驰名中外的珍贵用材树种，以中国资源最为丰富。由于历代砍伐利用，致使这一丰富的森林资源近于枯竭，此类树种多数被列为珍贵树种和濒危植物，是典型的代表性珍稀濒危类树种。本文围绕楠木类树种，对其文化、生物学特性、资源现状、保护培育以及在园林绿化中的开发应用进行了总结归纳，并就其资源保护未来重点研究方向及在城市绿化中应用的机遇和挑战进行了阐述，以期对其更好地保护和挖掘利用，进一步做好其资源的保护和保育研究，推动楠木类珍贵树种在上海及其他地区的绿化应用，极力提高城市生物多样性。     

松针的利用价值分析

松针的利用价值分析胡丰林,陆瑞利（安徽农业大学森林利用学院,合肥,２３００３６）松针是指松科树木的针叶,松科树木为世界上分布最广、资源量最大的树种之一。全世界共有１０属２３０种,我国有１０属１２０余种,其中大部分为重要的用材树种和经济树种。对于松材、...     

安徽省毛红楝子的调查报告

毛红楝子(Toona sureni var. pubesoens)与其原种红楝子(Toona sureni)性状相似,系楝科香椿属的高大落叶乔木,是国家明令保护的第三类珍贵树种。该树种,生长快,寿命长,主干端直;木材红褐色,色纹美观、纹理通直,结构细致;少开裂,较耐腐,宜作家俱和建筑用材;树皮富含单宁,能提制栲胶,可与热带美洲出产的著名用材树种——桃花心木(Swietenia mahagoni)相比美,在国际市场上被誉为“中国桃花心木”。本树种原产于印度、印度尼西亚及我国广西、云南、四川等南亚热带和中亚热带等地区。然而,1973年在安徽省泾县的汀溪、苏红;1980年在太平县的新明等北亚热带地区,发现了它的分布。     

长叶竹柏生物学特性和繁殖栽培的初步研究

本文介绍的长叶竹柏是国家三级保护,可供用材和油料等用途的热带、亚热带野生优良树种;文中就其经济利用、生物学特性和繁殖栽培等方面进行论述,为对它的发掘利用、推广栽培和加强自然保护提供科学依据。     

中国白桦资源的工业利用与生态经营

白桦是一个北温带的广布种 ,主要分布在温带亚洲的日本、朝鲜、俄罗斯和中国。白桦在我国分布于东北的大、小兴安岭和长白山 ,华北的燕山、太行山 ,西北的秦岭、天山、阿尔泰山 ,西南的横断山脉、青藏高原。白桦生长迅速 ,对环境的适应能力强 ,是恢复植被、保护森林水分和土壤的优良造林树种 ,白桦又是一个重要的药用和纤维用优良经济树种 ,因此 ,白桦资源具有全球范围内的广阔的发展前景。本文论述了中国白桦资源的地理分布、群落生态、生长发育、遗传生态、转基因技术和树皮、树叶、木材的加工利用 ,同时 ,还阐述了中国的白桦天然林保护工程、白桦工业的发展以及白桦资源的合理开发利用     

择伐对阔叶红松林资源可持续利用的影响

科学评估目前的择伐方式对森林结构与功能的影响对区域森林资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。以择伐过的阔叶红松林为研究对象,并以原始林为对照,分析了择伐对物种组成、林分结构以及对木材生产的影响。结果表明,低强度择伐(≤20%)对物种组成和蓄积结构均没有显著影响,而高强度择伐则显著改变了物种组成和蓄积结构。择伐后林分蓄积量均显著小于原始林,不同择伐强度间没有显著差异。择伐显著影响了用材树种的数量和质量,导致择伐后样地中用材树种的株数和蓄积量均显著减少,严重影响了林分的木材持续生产能力。因此,从阔叶红松林木材可持续利用角度来看,需要重新思考红松不作为采伐树种的用材林经营技术模式。     

我国的樟树和樟脑

一、引言樟树原产我国南方热带和亚热带地区,(日本南部也有)是我国重要的珍贵用材和芳香油类树种之一,它不但在工艺、化工、医药、国防等方面被广泛地利用着,同时又是绿化建设、风景庭园、行道树及观赏等方面有价值的树种;樟树之所以多方面的被广泛应用着,主要有下列几个特点: 1.樟树具有多方面的用途樟树木材以其     

石灰岩山地造林的先锋树种──黄连木

黄连木,漆树科黄连木属落叶乔木,为木本油料及用材树种。种子含油率达４２％,是一种不干性油,供工业用或食用,木材耐腐性强,质地坚硬,纹理细致,供建筑、家具和雕刻用材。叶、果、树皮含单宁,可提制栲胶。黄连木不仅经济价值高,而且生态适应性强,耐干旱,抗瘠薄,是石灰岩地区阳坡造林的先锋树种。黄连木为温带树种,适应大陆性气候,抗旱能力强,在年降水量３００ｍｍ地方能正常生长,可耐－２０℃的低温,喜光,天然分布多在阳坡或半阳坡光照充足的地方,阴坡极少,且发育不良。黄连木为深根性树种,具有强大的主侧根系,据在坡…     

杉木和火力楠树种及其林分热量的研究

森林生态系统生命活动需要的一切能量都来自太阳辐射能。其中大部分能量是以热量形式散失掉,只有一小部分能量为森林植物截取利用。用能量表示森林生产力是科学合理的方法,因相同体积或重量的木材,其蓄存的能量是不同的。杉木是我国亚热带普遍栽植的重要用材树种,在木材生产中一向占有突出的地位。但是长期生产实践表明,杉木连栽几代后,土壤肥力递减,病虫灾害严重,生产力大幅度下     

生态设计家具的碳足迹核算与减排效果分析——以木质家具为例

我国的木质家具不仅产量大,而且碳排放强度也相对较高,利用生态设计理念可以降低木质家具的碳足迹。为了定量化生态设计所带来的减排效果,按照减少资源消耗和环境污染、节省住宅空间等木质家具生态设计原则,通过在一款多功能家具的框架内安装不同面板,形成了4种不同材质和结构的设计方案,利用生命周期分析方法核算了4种方案的碳足迹,并进一步量化了改进方案的减排效果。结果表明:4种家具设计的碳足迹从小到大为三聚氰胺板家具、木皮板家具、拼板家具、嵌条板家具,其中,实木类家具原材料碳排放较低,人造板类家具加工过程电力碳排放较低(主要来源于喷涂工段,占电力排放的83%—92%);通过各种减排方案的减排效果分析,发现采用"可拆卸无胶连接方式"改进方案减排效果显为明显;同时发现,合理的"低碳设计"(采用以实木板为基板,以三聚氰胺纸为贴面制作面板),可以避免中纤板喷涂过程的碳排放,从而减少产品整体碳足迹。     

成都地区竹木用材蛀虫种类及危害情况调查初报

我们自１９９４～１９９７年对成都市范围内各区县的竹木用材蛀虫危害情况进行了初步调查。调查发现成都地区对竹木用材危害性最大的蛀虫是竹长蠹（Ｄｉｎｏｄｅｒｕｓ ｍｉｎｕｒｕｓ Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ）,其次是象甲（Ｃｕｒｃｕｌｉｏｎｉｄａｅ）。受害对象主要是竹材及其制品,而木材及其制品的受害程度较轻。     

山东海岸木生海洋真菌的研究I.(英文)

为调查中国黄海海域的丝状海洋真菌,从山东威海潮间带海滩收集了沉没木、附着木和沙埋木,并从其上分离到7种高等海洋真菌。Arenariomycestrifurcata,Corollosporamaritima,Alternariamaritima,Trichocladiumachrasporum为中国大陆新记录种,Chaetomiunglobosum,Tetraploaaristata,Torulasp.为中国大陆新生境报道。对每个种作了描述并对分类和形态进行了讨论。     

Evaluating the impacts of wood production and trade on bird extinction risks

Biodiversity loss can be accelerated by human consumption in regions that are far removed from habitat degradation because of economic globalization, but no study has directly quantified the effects of global trade on extinction risks at a global scale with consideration for species differences. We propose a novel biodiversity footprint index based on bird extinction risks to evaluate the effects of global wood production and trade on biodiversity. Using 536 endangered bird species threatened by wood harvesting and logging, we calculated the “quasi-extinction” probabilities, that is, the probabilities that population sizes become lower than an extinction threshold after habitat loss based on initial population sizes and forest habitat loss rates. We then used bilateral wood trade data to link the biodiversity impacts in wood exporters to wood importers. We found that if recent trends in forest cover loss continue until 2100, bird species in Brazil would be the most rapidly and heavily affected by wood production and trade, followed by those in Indonesia; these two countries alone would account for about half of all global bird extinctions. Large-scale wood importers (i.e., China, Japan, and the United States) significantly elevate overseas extinction risks and, simultaneously, reduce domestic impacts, indicating a heavy responsibility of these countries for global biodiversity loss. We also conducted a scenario analysis, which showed that the total projected number of extinct species would not decrease if each country produced the amount of wood materials necessary to meet current consumption levels. This is because bird extinction risks in tropical wood importers, such as Mexico and the Philippines, as well as Japan and China will increase if these countries increase domestic wood production. Our biodiversity footprint index is useful to identify countries whose bird species are highly affected by wood production and trade, and to quantify the role of wood trade in bird species extinctions. Additional scenario analyses are needed to establish effective patterns of wood production and consumption for bird biodiversity conservation.     

Patterns and determinants of wood physical and mechanical properties across major tree species in China

The physical and mechanical properties of wood affect the growth and development of trees, and also act as the main criteria when determining wood usage. Our understanding on patterns and controls of wood physical and mechanical properties could provide benefits for forestry management and bases for wood application and forest tree breeding. However, current studies on wood properties mainly focus on wood density and ignore other wood physical properties. In this study, we established a comprehensive database of wood physical properties across major tree species in China. Based on this database, we explored spatial patterns and driving factors of wood properties across major tree species in China. Our results showed that(i) compared with wood density, air-dried density, tangential shrinkage coefficient and resilience provide more accuracy and higher explanation power when used as the evaluation index of wood physical properties.(ii) Among life form, climatic and edaphic variables, life form is the dominant factor shaping spatial patterns of wood physical properties, climatic factors the next, and edaphic factors have the least effects, suggesting that the effects of climatic factors on spatial variations of wood properties are indirectly induced by their effects on species distribution.     

中国主要树种木材物理力学属性的地理格局及其环境控制

木材的物理力学属性制约树木生长发育的重要过程,也是决定木材用途的主要依据.研究木材的物理力学属性及其影响因素,可为合理应用木材、科学开展林木选育、改进林业管理等提供必要参考.目前已有的研究多关注单一的木材密度指标,且缺乏多种影响因子的比较.本研究通过建立中国木材物理力学属性及影响因素综合数据库,对自然状态下我国主要树种木材力学属性的分布格局及其驱动因素进行了探讨.结果表明,选择气干密度、弦向干缩系数和冲击韧性作为评估木材物理力学属性的基础指标,比单一木材密度指标更准确,解释率更高;在选用的生活型、气候和土壤等3类因素中,生活型是影响木材力学物理属性变化的最重要因素,气候因子次之,土壤因子基本可忽略,并且气候和土壤因子的作用被生活型所掩盖,这意味着气候因子对于木材物理力学属性的影响是通过影响物种分布而产生作用的.     

中国红豆属植物生物与生态学特征研究现状

红豆属(Ormosia)隶属豆科(Fabaceae),全属约130种,均为木本植物,我国有37种,广东、广西、云南、海南为主要分布区。该属野外自然更新能力较差,对生存环境要求严格。由于该属大部分物种具有极高的经济价值和开发利用价值,因此人为干扰及盗伐现象严重,分布范围收缩且野外种群数量减少。本文在查阅文献的基础上,对红豆属植物的生态学特征、组织培养、生理生化、遗传、濒危现状与保护对策等方面的研究成果进行归纳总结并进行了展望,以期为深入研究红豆属植物、拯救红豆属物种提供参考。     

Chemical constituents of tropical woods and resistance to the invasive drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis

Wood-feeding, nesting and production of secondary reproductives are key determinant traits of invasive species of drywood termites, and the West Indian drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) is one of their major examples of worldwide concern as pest species of structural lumber, furniture and other wood products. The problem and losses by this species are determined by the prevailing wood characteristics. However, despite the current widespread occurrence of this species in the tropics, except Asia, tropical wood resistance and underlying mechanisms of resistance against this termite are scarcely known. Nonetheless, wood hardness and particularly wood density were recently recognized as important underlying traits for C. brevis resistance in tropical woods, but the chemical wood constituents were not considered. Here, we assessed tropical wood resistance to the invasive termite species C. brevis and tested the relevance of their holocellulose, lignin and (total) extractive contents preventing termite infestation. Free-choice and no-choice tests were carried out in parallel with wood chemical characterization. Resistance to the West Indian termite varied with wood species in terms of both colonization and consumption, but only under free-choice testing because without choice, no significant difference was detected among wood species. Regardless, none of these traits were significantly correlated with wood resistance to C. brevis. Therefore, wood physical resistance, particularly wood density, seems the main recognized determinant of tropical wood resistance against the West Indian drywood termite. The pattern of termite movement on the surface of soft, mid and hard wood was also consistent with this conclusion.     

壳斗科木材识别和分类

从106种壳斗科木材构造特征.作为本科木材识别和分类依据,概括于下: 散孔材,管孔细,单个密布,在生长轮末端一狭带无管孔,宽射线为多列射线,较狭而数较多为水青冈属。辐射孔材,管孔成串径列,宽射线聚合型,在横面反光弱为主,分布不均,促使材身槽棱不整齐,槽底平而宽长的为稠属。辐射孔材,管孔成串径、斜列为主,宽射线聚合型(常见)和栎型,在横面反光强,分布均匀,促使材身槽棱整齐,槽底尖而分隔为青冈属。半环孔材或环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮不连续排列,在肉眼下可见至明显,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,宽射线聚合型,常数少且几条聚近分布,大部分树种无宽射线的为锥属。环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮连续排列,肉眼下明显,侵填体丰富,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,宽射线栎型为栎属。环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮连续排列,肉眼下明显,具侵填体,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,射线细而肉眼下不见为栗属。 各属共同特征,薄壁组织离管带状,似环管(实际为环管管胞),生长轮不同程度波状。