食管癌细胞抗失巢凋亡基因UBCH7的发现与鉴定

失巢凋亡(Anoikis)是细胞失去与细胞外基质(Extra-cellular matrix, ECM)粘附时发生的特殊形式的凋亡, 是机体维持组织稳态的关键机制之一。抗失巢凋亡能力的获得是肿瘤细胞发生远处转移的前提条件之一。为了鉴定与食管癌细胞抗失巢凋亡相关的基因, 文章首先构建食管癌细胞系的逆转录病毒文库, 感染对失巢凋亡敏感的NIH3T3细胞, 利用感染病毒cDNA文库的混合细胞系进行软琼脂集落形成实验, 挑取在悬浮条件下仍可生长成为较大集落的细胞单克隆(潜在具有抗失巢凋亡能力的细胞), 通过逆转录病毒载体特异的引物PCR扩增失巢凋亡抗性克隆基因组中的插入cDNA片段, 以此获得食管癌细胞系cDNA文库中潜在的具有失巢凋亡抗性的基因。经测序发现其中一个失巢凋亡克隆中整合的cDNA片段包括人UBCH7/UBE2L3基因全长的编码序列(开放阅读框)。利用携带pMSCV-UBCH7的逆转录病毒感染NIH3T3细胞进行验证, 结果显示细胞失巢凋亡抗性增强, 并且在具有高转移潜能的食管癌细胞系MLuC1中降调UBCH7表达可减弱其失巢凋亡抗性。这些结果表明, UBCH7/UBE2L3是一个与食管癌失巢凋亡抗性相关的基因。     

Pmscv-Ubc9逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及产毒细胞系的建立

目的：构建含Ubc9的逆转录病毒表达载体,筛选建立携带该基因的高滴度产毒细胞系,深入研究SUMO化修饰的作用。方法：聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增获取目的基因Ubc9,定向插入逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCVneo,形成重组质粒pMSCV-Ubc9;脂质体法将pMSCV-Ubc9转染逆转录病毒包装细胞PT67;G418筛选产毒细胞克隆,扩大培养产毒细胞克隆,收获病毒感染NIH3T3细胞。结果：限制性酶切和测序鉴定证实Ubc9正确插入逆转录病毒表达载体。G418筛选获得稳定产毒的抗性细胞克隆,收获病毒能有效感染NIH3T3细胞。结论：携带Ubc9基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV-Ubc9构建成功,转染PT67细胞后包装出重组逆转录病毒,进而筛选获得了能转录表达Ubc9的产毒细胞系PT67-Ubc9。     

Pmscv-Ubc9 逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及产毒细胞系的建立

目的:构建含Ubc9的逆转录病毒表达载体,筛选建立携带该基因的高滴度产毒细胞系,深入研究SUMO化修饰的作用。方法:聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增获取目的基因Ubc9,定向插入逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCVneo,形成重组质粒pMSCV-Ubc9;脂质体法将pMSCV-Ubc9转染逆转录病毒包装细胞PT67;G418筛选产毒细胞克隆,扩大培养产毒细胞克隆,收获病毒感染NIH3T3细胞。结果:限制性酶切和测序鉴定证实Ubc9正确插入逆转录病毒表达载体。G418筛选获得稳定产毒的抗性细胞克隆,收获病毒能有效感染NIH3T3细胞。结论:携带Ubc9基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV-Ubc9构建成功,转染PT67细胞后包装出重组逆转录病毒,进而筛选获得了能转录表达Ubc9的产毒细胞系PT67-Ubc9。     

多发性骨髓瘤恶性相关基因快速表达克隆法的建立

为从多发性骨髓瘤细胞中克隆与鉴定恶性相关基因并试图阐明其发病分子机制,建立了一种改进的快速表达克隆法,简单、快捷、直接从多发性骨髓瘤细胞株ARH-77 cDNA文库中克隆恶性相关基因。其特点是常用的表达克隆法与经典的DNA介导的NIH／3T3转染实验相结合,直接从cDNA表达文库中克隆恶性相关基因。首先建立高质量的cDNA表达文库,将cDNA表达文库分成几个基因池,转染NIH／3T3细胞;将转化活性最强的基因池再分成几个亚基因池,转染NIH／3T3细胞;将转化活性最强的亚基因池再分成次级亚基因池,直到获得有明显转化活性的单个cDNA克隆。该技术亦可用于从其他肿瘤细胞中克隆恶性相关基因。     

Mo MLV gag-pol基因在NIH3T3细胞中的表达和鉴定

目的 构建含MoMLV gag-pol基因的重组表达载体,实现其在NIH3T3细胞中稳定表达。方法 应用RT-PCR方法反转录并扩增gag-pol基因,克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA4/HisMaxA上,构建重组表达载体pcDNA4/HisMaxA-gag-pol,用脂质体法转染NIH3T3细胞,Zeocin筛选稳定表达细胞株,通过SDS-PAGE分析检测表明, gag-pol基因在NIH3T3细胞实现了表达,产物相对分子质量(kD)为194.78×103。然后,将逆转录病毒载体导入此细胞系,包装逆转录病毒。用PCR与标记基因补救分析法检测野生型辅助病毒。结果 酶切鉴定的片段大小分别为5.2-kb,与预期大小一致,经Zeocin筛选后获得稳定表达细胞株,SDS-PAGE实验表明产物融合蛋白相对分子质量(kD)为194.78×103,与预期相符。脂质体转染包装细胞,嘌呤霉素加压筛选出高病毒滴度(4.0×106CFU/ml)的细胞克隆,且未检测到辅助病毒。结论 本工作构建的融合表达载体pcDNA4/HisMaxA-gag-pol及其在NIH3T3细胞中的表达,构建成功具有靶向性的逆转录病毒包装细胞系,该细胞系能够包装出高滴度的逆转录病毒,为肝细胞的基因治疗提供了一种新的基因转移系统。     

hEPO cDNA重组逆转录病毒的构建

通过DNA重组技术,将不含非编码区的hEPO cDNA片段重组到逆转录病毒质粒pLXSN, pLNCX中重组质粒转染PA317细胞后,经G418筛选,抗性克隆细胞培养上清能成功地感染NIH3T3细胞,使之在筛选培养基中形成典型的G418抗性克隆,该克隆细胞染色体中成功地整合了EPOcDNA,并且表达出有生物学活性的红细胞生成素(EPO)产物。     

cDNA表达文库转染NIH3T3-从高转移人肺腺癌细胞系Anip973中克隆新肿瘤转移相关基因

培养人高转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973,构建其cDNA表达文库并转染小鼠成纤维细胞NIH3T3,将经药物筛选后的转染细胞克隆消化为单细胞,接种到软琼脂中培养2周,根据细胞明显的形态学变化挑选出有意义的细胞克隆,扩增再培养,提取DNA,PCR扩增插入片段并进行测序分析。结果表明:软琼脂中挑选出克隆100多个,PCR测序后,得到3个已知基因包括人类核糖体蛋白L23、人类假定蛋白FLJ22104和人类丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子6亚型以及一些氨基末端截短的核酸序列。进一步的研究表明转染人类核糖体蛋白L23的细胞与转染空载体细胞相比具有较高的侵袭能力(P<0.02)。利用cDNA文库在NIH3T3细胞中的表达,随后筛查鉴定在软琼脂中发生形态学变化的细胞,是一种寻找恶性转化和癌转移相关基因的有效方法。人类核糖体蛋白L23基因在细胞的运动和转移中发挥重要作用。     

具潮霉素B抗性的NIH3T3细胞饲养层的制备

[目的]建立具有潮霉素B(hygromycinB)抗性的3T3细胞系,用于转染目的基因(pTRE2-human-Ins)的ES阳性细胞克隆筛选的饲养层。[方法]通过脂质体转染的方法,将含有潮霉素B磷酸转移酶基因(hyg)的质粒pHyg导入NIH3T3细胞中,利用潮霉素B的药物选择特性,对转染细胞进行压力筛选,并对其进行PCR和southernblot鉴定。[结果]经300ug/ml的潮霉素B压力筛选后,获得了抗性细胞克隆。抗性NIH3T3细胞的形态和生长速度与正常NIH3T3细胞没有差异,特异性核苷酸引物检测抗性细胞基因组DNA,可以扩增出相应的核苷酸片段,Southernblot鉴定结果表明潮霉素基因片段已整合入潮霉素抗性NIH3T3细胞。[结论]本实验通过脂质体介导的方法成功地培育了潮霉素B抗性的NIH3T3细胞,为进行目的基因(pTRE2-human-Ins)转染ES细胞的阳性细胞克隆筛选打下了基础。     

重组anti－CD20 scFv／CD80／CD28/ζ非复制型逆转录病毒的构建及其在Jurkat细胞株中的表达

目的:构建表达anti-CD20 scFv/CD80/CD28/ζ重组非复制型逆转录病毒,转染Jurkat细胞株使其表达目的蛋白.方法:采用DNA重组技术把pBULLET上的CD28-ζcDNA插入到已含anti-CD20 scFv/CD80的真核逆转录病毒载体pLNCX质粒上,转染PA 317细胞株,收获上清液获非复制型逆转录病毒,感染NIH 3T3细胞株,用PCR、流式细胞术检测目的基因在NIH 3T3细胞的表达情况,确定病毒滴度.挑取高滴度的包装细胞株收获病毒,感染Jurkat细胞,经G418筛选细胞,用RT-PCR检测目的基因表达情况.结果:经酶切及测序鉴定均证实pLNCX/anti-CD20 scFv/CD80/CD28/ζ的成功构建; 用PCR能够从逆转录病毒感染的NIH 3T3细胞中扩增出一条与目的基因大小一致的DNA片段; 流式细胞术检测显示该目的基因能够在NIH 3T3细胞中表达目的蛋白; 经RT-PCR,能够从转染的Jurkat细胞株中扩增出1条与目的基因大小一致的DNA片段.结论:成功构建高滴度表达anti-CD20 scFv/CD80/CD28/ζ非复制型逆转录病毒,并能在Jurkat细胞中表达目的蛋白.     

MOB2基因在真核细胞中的表达研究

通过RT-PCR从培养的HUVECs中扩增MOB2基因片段,将该片段克隆在真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中,转染NIH3T3细胞,经G418筛选,构建稳定表达细胞系,并用荧光显微镜和Western blot对其进行鉴定。经RT-PCR扩增出734 bp基因片段,经测序分析并与GenBank的DNA序列比对分析后,在NIH3T3细胞中表达。G418筛选后,细胞荧光信号较强,Western blot检测,细胞中的融合蛋白能够与抗MOB2的多抗结合。成功地扩增了HUVECs中的MOB2基因全长cDNA并进行真核表达与鉴定。     

Protein kinase casein kinase 2-mediated upregulation of N-cadherin confers anoikis resistance on esophageal carcinoma cells

Previously, we reported that high PKCK2 activity could protect cancer cells from death receptor-mediated apoptosis through phosphorylation of procaspase-2. Because anoikis is another form of apoptosis, we asked whether PKCK2 could similarly confer resistance to anoikis on cancer cells. Human esophageal squamous cancer cell lines with high PKCK2 activity (HCE4 and HCE7) were anoikis-resistant, whereas cell lines with low PKCK2 activity (TE2 and TE3) were anoikis-sensitive. Because the cells showed different sensitivity to anoikis, we compared the expression of cell adhesion molecules between anoikis-sensitive TE2 and anoikis-resistant HCE4 cells using cDNA microarray. We found that E-cadherin is expressed only in TE2 cells; whereas N-cadherin is expressed instead of E-cadherin in HCE4 cells. To examine whether PKCK2 activity could determine the type of cadherin expressed, we first increased intracellular PKCK2 activity in TE2 cells by overexpressing the PKCK2α catalytic subunit using lentivirus and found that high PKCK2 activity could switch cadherin expression from type E to N and confer anoikis resistance. Conversely, a decrease in PKCK2 activity in HCE4 cells by knockdown of PKCK2α catalytic subunit using shRNA induced N- to E-cadherin switching and the anoikis-resistant cells became sensitive. In addition, N-cadherin expression correlated with PKB/Akt activation and increased invasiveness. We conclude that high intracellular PKCK2 activity confers anoikis resistance on esophageal cancer cells by inducing E- to N-cadherin switching. Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1032-8. ?2012 AACR.     

Involvement of anoikis-resistance in the metastasis of hepatoma cells

Acquisition of anoikis-resistance is a pre-requisite for cancer cell metastasis. We have demonstrated that hepatoma cells could resist anoikis by a synoikis-like survival style. In this study, we further suggest that acquisition of anoikis-resistance confer cancer cells more capacity for invasiveness, evading from cancer therapeutic agents and escaping from host immune attacks. We investigated the response of anoikis-resistant hepatoma cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a typical immune surveillant molecule as well as a potential anticancer agent. Our data indicated that detached hepatoma cells not only resist TRAIL-induced apoptosis, but also domesticate TRAIL to exert a stealth “tumor counterattack” effect. These results reveal that acquisition of anoikis-resistance may act as a selective pressure to superimpose on hepatoma cells more metastatic potential for the development of cancer.     

An oncogene isolated by transfection of Kaposi's sarcoma DNA encodes a growth factor that is a member of the FGF family

We recently reported the cloning of a rearranged human oncogene following transfection of DNA from Kaposi's sarcoma into NIH 3T3 cells. To identify the protein(s) encoded in two novel mRNAs of 3.5 and 1.2 kb expressed in NIH 3T3 transformants, we constructed a cDNA library. One of the cDNA clones isolated (KS3) corresponded to the 1.2 kb mRNA and transformed NIH 3T3 cell when inserted into a mammalian expression vector. The 1152 nucleotide KS3 cDNA encodes a protein of 206 amino acids with significant homology to the growth factors basic FGF and acidic FGF. Expression of the KS3 product as a bacterial fusion protein or in COS cells allowed us to determine that both proteins had significant growth-promoting activity and that the COS cell protein was glycosylated. Thus one of the mRNAs transcribed from the KS oncogene encodes a growth factor that could transform cells by an autocrine mechanism and appears to represent a new member of the FGF family.     

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A induces anoikis by triggering cell detachment

Anoikis, apoptosis because of loss of cell anchorage, is crucial for tissue homeostasis. Fibronectin not only provides a scaffold for cell anchorage but also harbors a cryptic antiadhesive site capable of inducing β1-integrin inactivation. In this study, this cryptic antiadhesive site is implicated in spontaneous induction of anoikis. Nontransformed fibroblasts (NIH3T3) adhering to a fibronectin substratum underwent anoikis during serum starvation culture. This anoikis was caused by proteolytic exposure of the cryptic antiadhesive site in fibronectin by matrix metalloproteinase. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) was identified as a membrane receptor for the exposed antiadhesive site. Serum starvation raised the membrane residence of eEF1A, and siRNA-based disruption of this increase rendered cells anoikis-resistant. By contrast, cells became more susceptible to anoikis in parallel with increased membrane residence of eEF1A by enforced expression. These results demonstrate that eEF1A acts as a membrane receptor for the cryptic antiadhesive site of fibronectin, which contributes to cell regulation, including anoikis, through negative regulation of cell anchorage.     

人c-myc转基因细胞的建立

目的:建立人c-myc转基因细胞。方法:通过成功构建c-myc逆转录病毒表达载体,并经脂质体介导转染包装细胞293T,收集产重组病毒的293T培养上清,运用NIH3T3细胞测定了病毒滴度,用适当浓度的病毒感染L929细胞,经用Zeocin选择性培养基筛选细胞。结果:得到稳定高表达c-myc基因的L929转基因细胞。结论:运用逆转录病毒转染法可得到高表达的转基因细胞。     

靶向表达TNFR75的逆转录病毒载体的构建及其产毒细胞系的建立

 将编码人 TNFR75的 c RNA与血管内皮细胞特异性启动子 (KDRp)及缺失自身启动子的逆转录病毒载体 p LXSN- D2 99重组 .重组质粒 p LXSN- D2 99- KDRp- TNFR75与脂质体共转染包装细胞 PA31 7,经抗生素 G41 8(60 0 mg/L)筛选 1 4d,获得 1 5个稳定的产病毒细胞克隆 .将各细胞克隆分别扩大培养收集所产病毒上清 ,并感染 NIH3T3细胞检测病毒滴度 ,其中 1个克隆滴度达 2×1 0 5CFU/ml.提取该克隆细胞总 RNA进行 RT- PCR分析 ,获得的 c DNA片段长度与目的基因一致 .结果提示 ,建立了 TNFR75反转录病毒产毒细胞系 .     

Construction and expression of humanized chimeric T cell receptor specific for chronic myeloid leukemia cells

Chimeric T cell receptors (chTCRs), composed of the single-chain variable fragments (scFv) of murine antibodies and human signaling molecules, are used to redirect the specificity of autologous or allogeneic T lymphocytes. To develop novel therapeutic agents for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), we engineered a scFv from the hybridoma cell line CMA1 which produces monoclonal antibody specific against CML. The genes encoding the heavy and light chain variable regions were amplified from CMA1 cDNA and a humanized chTCR was constructed. Expression of the novel hchTCR was verified in NIH3T3 cells transduced with retroviral vectors. The results demonstrated that hchTCR can be expressed and presented on cell surface normally. These results suggest that retroviral vectors expressing hchTCR specific for CML cells may be used to redirect human T lymphocytes.     

Expression cloning of functional receptor used by SARS coronavirus

We have expressed a series of truncated spike (S) glycoproteins of SARS-CoV and found that the N-terminus 14-502 residuals were sufficient to bind to SARS-CoV susceptible Vero E6 cells. With this soluble S protein fragment as an affinity ligand, we screened HeLa cells transduced with retroviral cDNA library from Vero E6 cells and obtained a HeLa cell clone which could bind with the S protein. This cell clone was susceptible to HIV/SARS pseudovirus infection and the presence of a functional receptor for S protein in this cell clone was confirmed by the cell-cell fusion assay. Further studies showed the susceptibility of this cell was due to the expression of endogenous angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which was activated by inserted LTR from retroviral vector used for expression cloning. When human ACE2 cDNA was transduced into NIH3T3 cells, the ACE2 expressing NIH3T3 cells could be infected with HIV/SARS pseudovirus. These data clearly demonstrated that ACE2 was the functional receptor for SARS-CoV.