Molecular studies resolve Nyholmiella (Orthotrichaceae) as a separate genus

Two Orthotrichum species of the subgenus Orthophyllum were compared with other representatives of this genus using internally transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, the chloroplast trn H-psbA region, and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and intron-exon splice conjunction (ISJ) markers. The ISSR and ISJ markers used revealed many bands and mutations specific only to O. Gymnostomum and O. Obtusifolium. Phylogenetic analysis clearly supported previous concepts postulating that species of the subgenus Orthophyllum should be recognized as the separate genus Nyholmiella.     

Molecular data do not support the current division of Orthotrichum (Bryophyta) species with immersed stomata

Genetic relationships between 27 Orthotrichum species of the subgenera Orthotrichum and Pulchella were reconstructed using the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2,the chloroplast trnH-psbA regi...     

A peculiar new Orthotrichum species (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida) from central Argentina

A new epiphytic Orthotrichum species ( Orthotrichum spiculatum F. Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka sp. nov. ) is described from the sierra of Córdoba (Argentina). The new species has most of the characteristics of subgenus Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt, but it is unique because of having eight exostome teeth pairs and 16 broad, strongly papillose endostome segments. Additionally, its upper leaves have green, acuminate, dentate–spiculate apices.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 155 , 477–482.     

卷叶木灵藓Orthotrichum revolutum(Orthotrichaceae,Bryophyta),一个中国特有藓类在123年之后的重新发现

卷叶木灵藓(Orthotrichum revolutum)是一种中国特有藓类植物,自从123年前的首次采集之后再也没有被发现过。本文增加了一个新地点,即北京百花山自然保护区。这份标本在形态上与模式十分一致。本文第一次提供了卷叶木灵藓的详细的形态照片和地理分布图。四个来自中国甘肃、新疆以及境外日本和吉尔吉斯斯坦的记录都被证实是错误鉴定。我们还讨论了该种和邻近种的区别,以及野外濒危等级的重新评估。     

Orthotrichum tortifolium Lewinsky（Orthotrichaceae，Bryophyta），一个不丹藓类植物在中国的新记录

Orthotrichum tortifolium Lewinsky,作为一个不丹特有种, 最近在中国首次发现。2021年4月,我们在四川贡嘎山自然保护区采集到2份标本。它们的形态与Orthotrichum tortifolium的模式基本一致。该种的主要鉴定特征是扭曲或卷缩的叶片和具很高基膜的内蒴齿。而且,这2个特征在木灵藓属（Orthotrichum）中都较罕见。我们在此提供了详细的形态描述和照片,并讨论了它与相似种的主要区别。     

Molecular phylogeny of Punctaria mageshimensis reveals evidence for its transfer to Spatoglossum as S. mageshimense (Dictyotales,Phaeophyceae)

Taxonomy of the little‐studied brown algal species Punctaria mageshimensis (Ectocarpales s.l.) was reexamined by molecular phylogeny and morphology. In the genetic analyses of newly collected specimens using plastid rbcL and psaA gene sequences, the specimens morphologically referable to P. mageshimensis were phylogenetically distant from Ectocarpales s.l. and were included in the clade of Spatoglossum (Dictyotales). Morphological reexamination of the type specimen and newly collected specimens confirmed its systematic position in Dictyotales: Branched thallus; cushion‐shaped rhizoidal holdfast occasionally forming secondary holdfast at the bottom of the thallus; many discoidal plastids without pyrenoid per cell; tetrasporangium‐like reproductive structures with dark, homogeneous cell content; occurrence of hair tufts. Genetically P. mageshimensis was most related to a reported sequence of Spatoglossum asperum, but P. mageshimensis was considerably different from S. asperum as well as other known Spatoglossum species in the deep habitat and in having scarcely‐branched lanceolate and considerably thickened thallus. In conclusion, we propose the transfer of P. mageshimensis to Spatoglossum as S. mageshimense comb. nov.     

Systematic revision of the formerly monotypic genus Tanganikallabes (Siluriformes: Clariidae)

The monotypic genus Tanganikallabes, endemic to Lake Tanganyika, is a poorly known member of the family Clariidae. Examination of 142 specimens housed in museum collections has revealed the presence of at least two additional species in this genus. Tanganikallabes alboperca sp. nov. is distinguished from all congeners by the length of its pelvic fins, the presence of a depigmented vertical bar on the opercular margin, and a combination of additional morphometric (pectoral spine length, preanal length, body depth at anus) and meristic (dorsal and anal fin ray counts) characters. Tanganikallabes stewarti sp. nov. is distinguished from other Tanganikallabes species by having a relatively shorter, incomplete lateral line, and shallow body depth at the anus, as well as shorter prepelvic and preanal lengths, and a longer anal fin with a higher number of fin rays. Several morphological characters, as well as genetic data from cytochrome b (mitochondrial DNA) and 18S–ITS1–5.8S–ITS2–28S (ribosomal DNA), indicate that Tanganikallabes constitutes a monophyletic group within the Clariidae and support the recognition of additional species diversity. The monophyly of Tanganikallabes, coupled with the geographical isolation of this group to a single lake satisfy the requirements for its classification as a true species flock, the latest to be described from Lake Tanganyika. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 165 , 121–142.     

Molecular phylogenetics,character evolution and systematics of the genus Micranthes (Saxifragaceae)

With c. 85 species, the genus Micranthes is among the larger genera of the Saxifragaceae. It is only distantly related to the morphologically similar genus Saxifraga, in which it has frequently been included as Saxifraga section Micranthes. To study the molecular evolution of Micranthes, we analysed nuclear ribosomal (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and plastid (trnL–trnF) DNA sequences in a comprehensive set of taxa comprising c. 75% of the species. The molecular phylogenetic tree from the combined dataset revealed eight well‐supported clades of Micranthes. These clades agree in part with previously acknowledged subsections or series of Saxifraga section Micranthes. As these eight groups can also be delineated morphologically, we suggest that they should be recognized as sections of Micranthes. New relationships were also detected for some species and species groups, e.g. section Davuricae sister to sections Intermediae and Merkianae, and M. micranthidifolia as a member of section Micranthes. Species proposed to be excluded from the genus Micranthes for morphological reasons were resolved in the molecular tree in Saxifraga. Many morphological characters surveyed were homoplasious to varying extents. Micromorphological characters support comparatively well the clades in the phylogenetic tree. An updated nomenclature and a taxonomic conspectus of sections and species of Micranthes are provided. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 178 , 47–66.     

Taxonomic study of the genus Niwaella (Cypriniformes:Cobitidae) from East China,with description of four new species

Four loaches,Niwaella brevipinna Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.fimbriata Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.nigrolinea Chen & Chen,sp.nov.and N.qujiangensis Chen &Chen,sp.nov.,are described based on specimens collected from Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces,East China.The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 28 individuals of seven species from seven locations collected from Zhejiang,Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces were amplified and analyzed.Morphological and molecular data showed that N.fimbriata Chen & Chen,sp.nov.and N.nigrolinea Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.brevipinna Chen& Chen,sp.nov.and N.laterimaculata (Yan & Zheng),N.qujiangensis Chen & Chen,sp.nov.and N.longibarba Chen & Chen are closely related.The seven Chinese Niwaella species,N.brevipinna Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.fimbriata Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.laterimaculata,N.longibarba,N.nigrolinea Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.qujiangensis Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,and N.xinjiangensis are clearly distinguished by the combination of the color patter,mental lobes,suborbital spine,caudal peduncle,body shape,and subdorsal scales.     

Turcichondrostoma,a new genus for the Leuciscidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Southwestern Anatolia

Turcichondrostoma, a new genus, from the Southwestern Anatolia is distinguished by having fewer gill rakers on first gill arch and morphologies of premaxilla and dentary bones. In addition, as a result of the phylogenetic analyses based on combine data set (mtDNA COI + Cytb) sequences (1706 bp.), Turcichondrostoma genus was recovered with high posterior probability value (BI PP:1.0) and strong-supported bootstrap value (ML BP: 100%) among the former Chondrostoma groups. Also, high K2P mean genetic distance values (more than 7.84%) differentiated genus Turcichondrostoma from the other genera of former Chondrostoma group. The results of both morphological-osteological and molecular analyses are congruent with each other. The results of this study revealed that the genus Turcichondrostoma is easily distinguished from the genera in Chondrostoma group.     

Phylogeny of ground beetles subgenus Nialoe (s. lat.) Tanaka (Coleoptera: Carabidae; genus Pterostichus): A molecular phylogenetic approach

We constructed a phylogeny of the ground beetle subgenus Nialoe ( s. lat. ), genus Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) based on two mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I and 16S ribosomal DNA) and one nuclear (28S ribosomal DNA) gene sequences. Thirty-three representative species of the group and three outgroup species were analyzed. The resultant trees (maximum parsimonious, maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees of the combined data of the three gene sequences) indicated that there are two large and three small lineages in the group, some of which were supported by a previous morphology-based phylogeny. In all the analyses, the small lineage composed of two Korean species is sister to the rest of the subgenus, but relationships of other four lineages differed among the analyses and remained unresolved. The implications of the present results are discussed in terms of taxonomy and biogeography of the group.     

Molecular and morphological criteria for revision of the genus Microcoleus (Oscillatoriales,Cyanobacteria)

Ninety‐two strains of Microcoleus vaginatus (=nomenclatural‐type species of the genus Microcoleus Desmazières ex Gomont) and Phormidium autumnale Trevisan ex Gomont from a wide diversity of regions and biotopes were examined using a combination of morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenies based on the 16S rDNA and 16S‐23S ITS (partial) demonstrated that the 92 strains, together with a number of strains in GenBank, were members of a highly supported monophyletic clade of strains (Bayesian posterior probability = 1.0) distant from the species‐cluster containing the generitype of Phormidium. Similarity of the 16S rRNA gene exceeded 95.5% among all members of the Microcoleus clade, but was less than 95% between any Microcoleus strains and species outside of the clade (e.g., Phormidium sensu stricto). These findings, which are in agreement with earlier studies on these taxa, necessitate the revision of Microcoleus to include P. autumnale. Furthermore, the cluster of Phormidium species in the P. autumnale group (known as Group VII) must be moved into Microcoleus as well, and these nomenclatural transfers are included in this study. The main diacritical characters defining Microcoleus are related to the cytomorphology of trichomes, including: narrowed trichome ends, calyptra, cells shorter than wide up to more or less isodiametric, and facultative presence of sheaths. The majority of species are 4–10 μm in diameter. The possession of multiple trichomes in a common sheath is present facultatively in many but not all species.     

中国类脐菇属(类脐菇科)的分类(英文)

作者对国产类脐菇属Omphalotus(含亮菌属Lampteromyces)标本进行了研究,报道4种,即鞭囊类脐菇O.flagelliformis、日本类脐菇O.guepiniformis、莽山类脐菇O.mangensis和亮耳菌Lampteromyces luminescens,其中鞭囊类脐菇为新种。作者对亮耳菌的模式标本进行了研究,发现它与日本类脐菇即使不是同一物种也是很近缘的,但由于没有亮耳菌模式产地或其附近地区的更多标本用于形态和分子系统发育的比较,故不对其进行分类处理。利用新近采自我国东北的标本,作者对日本类脐菇的显微特征进行了较为详细地研究,发现日本类脐菇、莽山类脐菇和亮耳菌都具有厚壁担孢子,厚壁担孢子的孢子壁外表在显微镜下看上去粗糙至不平滑,这可能是因为孢子壁不同区域的密度不同所致。云南桩菇Paxillus yunnanensis曾被猜测为类脐菇属的物种,作者对该种的模式标本进行了研究,发现模式标本具有巨大的褶缘囊状体,应是假白蘑属Tricholomopsis的成员。     

Biodiversity patterns in interstitial marine microturbellaria: a case study within the genus Parotoplana (Platyhelminthes: Rhabditophora) with the description of four new species

Four new species of Otoplanidae (Platyhelminthes: Rhabditophora: Proseriata) with ranges restricted to the central Mediterranean are described. These species are characterized by the presence of a tubular copulatory stylet and by a bursa lacking an open connection to the atrium. Both characters are novel for the family Otoplanidae. The four species differ mainly in details of the morphology of the sclerotized structures of the copulatory organ. Generic attribution of the new species has been problematic. Morphological characters shared with either Parotoplanina or Parotoplanella were detected. Molecular data (based on 18S rRNA and 28S D1‐D6 rRNA genes) evidenced that the new species constitute a monophyletic group falling within species of Parotoplana, with a sister/taxon relationship with Parotoplana spathifera. The genus Parotoplana, however, appears to be paraphyletic, as Parotoplanella progermaria nests within Parotoplana species. The inadequate molecular sampling, combined with the lack of sequences from the type species of both Parotoplana and Parotoplanina, suggested a cautionary taxonomic approach, and the new species are therefore attributed to the earliest generic taxon available, Parotoplana.     

A morphological and molecular assessment of the genus Sinotubimorpha (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta)

A critical reassessment of the morphological features of two closely related red algal genera,Grateloupia C.Agardh and Sinotubimorpha W.X.Li & Z.F.Ding (Halymeniaceae),pointed out that members of the t...     

Molecular phylogeny of Chinese Rubia (Rubiaceae: Rubieae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences

Rubia L. is the type genus of the coffee family Rubiaceae and the third largest genus in the tribe Rubieae, comprising ca. 80 species restricted to the Old World. China is an important diversity center for Rubia, where approximately half of its species occur. However, its internal phylogenetic relationships are still poorly understood. The objective of the present study is to contribute to the phylogenetic relationships within Rubia, using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer and six plastid markers and focusing on species from China. Twenty-seven species of Rubia were sampled to infer their phylogeny using Maximum parsimony, Maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses. The monophyly of Rubia is supported, provided that R. rezniczenkoana Litv. is excluded from Rubia and transferred to Galium as a new combination: G. rezniczenkoanum (Litv.) L. E Yang & Z. L. Nie. Within Rubia, two clades are clearly supported. They correspond to the traditional sect. Rubias.l. (A) and sect. Oligoneura Pojark. (B), and are morphologically mainly separable by their pinnate (A) versus palmate (B) leaf venation. Plesiomorphic features are the pinnate leaf veining in sect. Rubia s.l. and the occurrence of some species with opposite leaves and true stipules in sect. Oligoneura. In sect. Oligoneura one can assume an evolution from species with opposite leaves and true stipules (as in the R. siamensis Craib group) to those with whorls of two leaves and two leaf-like stipules (as in ser. Chinenses and the R. mandersii Collett & Hemsl. group) and finally with whorls of 6 or even more elements (as in ser. Cordifoliae). The correlation between clades recognized by DNA analyses and available differential morphological features is partly only loose, particularly in the group of R. cordifolia with 2×, 4×, and 6× cytotypes. This may be due to rapid evolutionary divergence and/or hybridization and allopolyploidy.     

Phylogenetic relationships of a new genus and species of microteiid lizard from the Atlantic forest of north-eastern Brazil (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

A new genus and species of a short limbed and slightly elongate gymnophthalmid lizard is described from the Atlantic rain forests of north-eastern Brazil. The new genus is also characterized by short and stout pentadactyl limbs, presence of prefrontals, absence of frontoparietals, distinctive ear opening and eyelid, two pairs of genials, a distinct collar, smooth, quadrangular, dorsal scales, quadrangular ventrals, fused postfrontal and postorbital bones, and two pairs of sternal ribs. The geographical distribution of the new taxon extends from the state of Rio Grande do Norte to the northern bank of the Rio São Francisco in the state of Alagoas. All specimens were obtained in leaf litter, an observation which agrees with the fossorial habits suggested by the body shape and massive aspect of the head of this species. A phylogenetic analysis based on external morphology, osteology, and molecular data recovered the new lizard as the sister genus to Anotosaura , and Colobosauroides as the sister group to these two.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 144 , 543−557.     

Lewinskya transcaucasica (Orthotrichaceae,Bryopsida) sp. nov. A contribution to the bryophyte flora of Georgia

A new orthotrichaceous species, Lewinskya transcaucasica Eckstein, Garilleti & F.Lara, is described, based on several samples collected in the Georgian territories of Greater Caucasus and Lesser Caucasus. The species is best differentiated by its sporophytic characteristics. Its capsules are long ovoid to cup-shaped and smooth and show no differentiation of the longitudinal bands of the exothecial cells. The capsules vary from emerging fully from the perichaetial leaves to having a shortly exserted position. The peristome is double, with an exostome of eight pairs of orange to crimson teeth whose tips are variably cancellated and fenestrated and recurved when dry, and an endostome of eight segments that occasionally alternate with reduced intermediate segments. All of these segments are yellowish to pale orange, mainly linear, uniseriate or partially biseriate, and strongly ornamented on the inner side. The new moss is illustrated and compared with similar taxa around the world.