Beagle犬免疫血清犬瘟热抗体检测

采用琼脂扩散法测定血清抗体效价,同时采用微量细胞中和实验测定中和效价,检测60份Beagle犬免疫血清犬瘟热(CD)抗体.结果表明25日龄仔犬血清母源抗体维持在较高的水平,以后逐渐下降,至35日龄(首免日)血清母源抗体水平下降1～2个滴度,首免后1个月、3个月、6个月免疫抗体水平逐渐上升.根据抗体水平应选择35日龄首免.本试验为 Beagle犬瘟热病预防选择疫苗和制定合适的免疫程序提供参考,实验设定的两种免疫程序在临床上都可以使用.     

百日咳的控制

<正>自20世纪以来,发达国家的百日咳发病率逐渐下降。其原因可能与社会经济状况改善有关。然而,当时对实施百日咳接种致使大幅度降低百日咳的发病率和死亡率尚有怀疑。但近年来在一些发达国家,对百日咳菌苗接种的利弊提出怀疑。从而使菌苗接种率下降,行政当局也中断常规的百日咳免疫,如日本、瑞典和联合王国等,随后百日咳发病     

百日咳毒素单克隆抗体对百日咳杆菌感染后的调节

<正>百日咳毒素(PT)是一种原生型A-B结构毒素,由一酶活性A原体结合一B寡聚物组成。A原体是由单一的亚单位(S_1)组成,以腺苷二磷酸核糖基化鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合调节蛋白(G_1)而起作用,它能去除膜接合腺苷环化酶的抑制作用。B寡聚物是由S_2-S_4和S_3-S_4二聚体和一个S_5连接物组成的五聚体,它的功能是结合于细胞受体并促使A原体接近于它的被作用物。PT正如在动物模型的被动和自动免疫中所显示的,是一种保护性抗原。     

056全球百日咳协作组推荐的新百日咳疫苗接种方案

百日咳是由百日咳鲍特菌感染引起的急性呼吸道传染病，呈现地方性特征。在未免疫接种和免疫接种不彻底的地区，百日咳仍是严重威胁幼儿的疾病。全球百日咳协作组（The Global Pertussis Initiative，GPI）是一个科学论坛，其目的是通过百日咳疫苗的接种加强对疾病的控制以及为其他百日咳相关研究提供建议。该协作组的主要研究内容是：百日咳病的流行病学、诊断、预防和治疗及其带来的卫生经济负担；     

肺炎球菌免疫血清库的建立及应用

目的建立24个血清型的肺炎链球菌(简称肺炎球菌)免疫血清库,为肺炎球菌疫苗中各型多糖含量准确测定提供可靠保障。方法 (1)制备肺炎球菌各型免疫血清:用肺炎球菌菌株制备免疫原,按免疫程序接种青紫蓝兔,将符合规定的免疫血清合并、除菌、分装后建档;(2)鉴定肺炎球菌各型免疫血清:全程采用速率散射比浊法进行鉴定。首先确定肺炎球菌免疫血清工作浓度,再通过特异性和线性对免疫血清进行初步筛查(将筛查出有交叉反应的免疫血清进行吸收),然后用血清交叉试验进行再次筛查,最后通过绘制反应曲线(截取多糖质量浓度1.0~5.0μg/m L的线段)对免疫血清进行线性评定;(3)肺炎球菌免疫血清库的应用:用建成的肺炎球菌免疫血清库中各型免疫血清和丹麦国家血清研究所的诊断血清,检测5个厂家的23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗的各型多糖含量,对比结果。结果建成的肺炎球菌免疫血清库各型免疫血清效价较高;初步筛查出的有交叉反应的免疫血清,经吸收后交叉反应消失且线性良好(R20.98);通过血清交叉试验再次筛查,未见有交叉反应的免疫血清;反应曲线线段(多糖质量浓度1.0~5.0μg/m L)线性良好(R20.98);应用两套血清检测23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗的多糖含量,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论成功建立了肺炎球菌免疫血清库,且各型免疫血清稳定、无交叉反应,可用于肺炎球菌疫苗及其疫苗血清型多糖的各项免疫学检测。     

多克隆抗体兔免疫血清取血新方法

兔耳动脉采血获得多克隆抗体免疫血清是一种较实用的方法.利用这种改进的取血方法,在25℃左右,可从免疫后的兔一次件采得100 ml左右的血量.该法对动物损伤小,操作简便,可在短期内连续采到较大量的高质量兔血.且血清质量较好,采血后兔仍正常存活.因而非常适合于免疫血清取血,也可用于其它的兔采血实验.     

痘苗病毒毒力测定及其免疫血清的制备

目的测试痘苗病毒毒力,制备痘苗病毒免疫血清,为药物评价和病毒检测奠定基础。方法鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜培养痘苗病毒,测定病毒的TCID50和小鼠毒力。将痘苗病毒悬液稀释成100TCID550,0．2％福尔马林灭活,分别在0、7、14d以腹腔注射的方式免疫BALB／c小鼠,用IFA、IEA、ELISA方法评价血清的敏感性和特异性。结果痘苗病毒TCID50／0．05mL=1．8×10^4,小鼠LD50／0．2mL=10^6.8;制备的免疫血清经IFA法测定效价为1：320,IEA法测血清效价为1：160,ELISA测血清效价1：6400。结论确定的细胞和小鼠毒力将为药物测定提供基础比对数据;制备的痘苗病毒免疫血清具有高度的敏感性和特异性,可作为测试对照血清使用。     

百日咳杆菌的抗原

鲍特氏菌属的抗原共发现３大类：凝集原,丝状血凝素（ＦＨＡ）及毒素。在凝集原中只有７是百日咳,副百日咳及支气管败血症菌所共有,其他１３种各异。ＦＨＡ与百日咳毒素（ＰＴ）为无细胞苗的主要成分。毒素有５种,最主要的是ＰＴ,其他有不耐热毒素,气管细胞毒（ＴＣＴ）,脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）内毒素及腺嘌呤环化酶毒素（ＡＣＴ）。     

THE EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL USE OF POLYMYXIN,CHLOROMYCETIN, AND AUREOMYCIN

Polymyxin is an effective antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections produced by Ps. aeruginosa, H. pertussis, H. influenzae, E. coli, and A. aerogenes. Its toxicity to date precludes its general use in infections susceptible to its therapeutic effects.Chloromycetin has been demonstrated to be an effective antibiotic agent for the treatment of rickettsial diseases and typhoid fever. It will undoubtedly prove effective in the treatment of other infections produced by certain Gram-negative micro-organisms and viral agents.Aureomycin has been shown to be an active antibiotic agent against rickettsial diseases, primary atypical pneumonia, acute brucellosis, pneumococcal, streptococcal, and staphylococcal infections, urinary tract infections produced by E. coli, A. aerogenes and Strept. fecalis, certain types of infections of the eye, and in subacute bacterial endocarditis when the infecting agent is Strept. fecalis. Its clinical use in forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is in a completely experimental stage. It is not recommended in typhoid fever or in infections due to Ps. aeruginosa or P. vulgaris, and it seems to be ineffective in whooping cough.To date, neither chloromycetin nor aureomycin has shown significant signs of systemic toxicity.     

THE PREPARATION AND USE OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS CONTAINING RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS

Normal and tobacco mosaic-diseased Turkish tobacco plants were grown in sand for a period of several weeks, during which they were fed daily a complete nutrient solution to which had been added disodium phosphate containing radioactive phosphorus. Determinations were made of the distribution of radioactive phosphorus in different fractions such as the wash from the sand and roots, the press cake obtained on pressing the juice from the plants, the protein and protein-free portions of the supernatant liquids obtained on ultracentrifugation of the juices, and the purified tobacco mosaic virus isolated from the diseased plants. Chemical analyses as well as radiographs of the normal and diseased leaves indicated that they contained the same amount of phosphorus. Approximately 30 per cent of the radioactive phosphorus absorbed by the diseased plants was found to be combined with the purified tobacco mosaic virus that was isolated from these plants. Following the inoculation of purified tobacco mosaic virus possessing high radioactivity to normal Turkish tobacco plants, most of the radioactivity was found to be associated with non-virus components of which about 40 per cent was in the inoculated and 60 per cent in the uninoculated portions of the plants. Although a small amount of radioactive virus was isolated from the uninoculated portions of the plants, it was impossible, because of a number of complicating factors which have been discussed, to draw from the results any reliable conclusions regarding the mode of reproduction of tobacco mosaic virus.