免疫组织化学标记新技术的临床病理应用

随着免疫组织化学在肿瘤病理诊断中的应用 ,肿瘤标记物不断推陈出新 ,不仅丰富了肿瘤标记物的内容 ,而且有力地推动了诊断免疫组织化学的深入发展 ;与此同时 ,免疫组织化学标记方法学也取得了可喜的成果 ,由于各种新方法的问世 ,不仅简化了操作步骤 ,缩短了标记时间 ,使工作效率得到显著提高 ,方法的敏感性特异性也得以明显增强 ;自动免疫组织化学染色机的应用 ,它集诸多优点为一体 ,标志着免疫组织化学标记技术已基本实现了规范化操作。现将结合我们体会作如下介绍 :一、微波在免疫组织化学中的应用微波以高频电磁波热效应和化学效果 ,加速…     

免疫组织化学技术常见问题分析及对策

免疫组织化学染色是目前常规病理诊断及鉴别诊断的重要方法和手段,但在制作免疫组织化学切片中存在着影响结果的许多因素,本文较全面地阐述了影响制片质量的常见因素,并对出现的问题进行了分析和提出了切实可行的对策。     

胸腹水脱落细胞学瘤包石蜡切片免疫组织化学染色的应用

胸腹水脱落细胞学涂片做免疫组织化学染色,因具有取材方便、易行,病人痛苦小等优点而适用于临床[1]。脱落细胞学涂片免疫组织化学染色技术最需要注意的问题是背景染色和涂片粘附的牢固程度。因为背景的存在会影响阳性结果的判断,尤其是抗原表达少的弱阳性病例;而涂片涂的不好、厚薄     

免疫组织化学切片质量的探讨

在大中型医院,免疫组织化学检测在临床病理诊断中已成为重要的辅助手段,对疾病的确诊、治疗方案的确定及预后评估等非常重要。免疫组织化学切片质量的好坏直接影响结果的判断。虽然免疫组化方法简单,但影响因素较多,常导致结果不稳定。以往有许多献从组织的固定、抗原修复及显     

不同的抗原修复方法和染色条件对P53蛋白免疫组织化学方法结果的影响

用免疫组织化学技术检测肿瘤组织中Ｐ53 基因蛋白产物的表达 ,是探讨Ｐ53 基因与多种肿瘤的相关性研究的主要手段之一。在免疫组织化学检测中 ,不同的抗原修复方法对Ｐ53 蛋白检测结果的阳性率和染色强度有不同的影响。本文在免疫组织化学检测Ｐ53 蛋白时对不同的抗原修复方法和染色条件进行了探讨 ,摸索出能较佳地显示Ｐ53 蛋白的免疫组织化学方法条件。介绍如下 :1.材料和方法1 1材料 :经临床病理诊断为恶性肿瘤如肺癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌和大肠癌等福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋的组织 ;单克隆抗体Ｐ53 ＤＯ - 7和ＬＳＡＢ试剂盒为ＤＡＫ…     

培养细胞免疫组化方法的改进

本介绍了一种培养细胞免疫组织化学的方法,即利用琼脂糖预包埋培养细胞,制成富含细胞的琼脂块,再按一般组织块处理程序制成石蜡切片,进行免疫组织化学检测,获得了较满意的结果,并解决了培养细胞进行免疫组织化学检测的某些问题。     

乙肝病毒标志物在胎儿和胎盘组织中的表达及其与 HBV母婴传播关系的研究

目的通过对乙肝阳性产妇外周血、胎儿及胎儿附属物进行乙肝病毒标志物的检测,探讨HBV宫内感染发生的机制。方法通过ELISA法及实时荧光定量PCR法检测血清标本中HBV标志物及HBV DNA水平;通过对组织标本的免疫组织化学染色检测组织中HBV标志物的表达。结果胎儿脐血HBV DNA水平与母血HBV DNA水平相关,母血HBV DNA高水平(≥107copy/mL)时脐血HBV DNA阳性率明显增高,P<0.05。胎儿脐血HBV DNA水平显著低于母血HBV DNA水平,P<0.05。胎盘组织可见HBsAg免疫组织化学染色阳性,但未发现HBcAg染色阳性。在引产胎儿胎肝和胎肾组织中发现HBsAg和/或HBcAg免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞。结论母亲HBV DNA高水平是发生HBV宫内感染的高危因素。脐血HBV DNA阳性是判断HBV宫内感染的相关指标;HBV可能通过胎盘感染的途径由母体进入胎儿体内,并可能在胎儿体内定位和复制,这可能是导致HBV宫内感染的原因。     

快速褪黑色素方法在免疫组织化学染色中的应用

目的 探讨在恶性黑色素瘤组织中如何快速褪除黑色素,便于进行免疫组织化学检测和观察.方法 选取20例恶性黑色素瘤组织石蜡切片,分别应用0.5％高锰酸钾水浴法、0.25％高锰酸钾溶液滴入法、15％过氧化氢浸泡法和传统过氧化氢脱色法进行褪黑色素处理,处理过的切片分别进行免疫组织化学和HE染色,比较染色结果.结果 以0.25％...     

免疫组织化学双标在肿瘤侵犯判断中的应用

目的探讨免疫组织化学双标法在判断肿瘤侵犯中的应用。方法应用以DAB和快红(fast red,FR)作为呈色剂的En Vision法免疫组织化学双标技术标记肿瘤组织33例,观察肿瘤组织中肿瘤细胞、血管淋巴管与神经及其相互关系。结果肿瘤组织中肿瘤细胞被标记成棕色(DAB显色),血管淋巴管内皮与神经纤维被标记成玫瑰红色(FR显色);可疑肿瘤侵犯血管淋巴管的30例中,有28例可见标记成棕色的肿瘤细胞侵入标记成瑰红色的血管、淋巴管中(肿瘤侵犯血管淋巴管阳性),阳性率为93.3%;可疑神经侵犯的12例中,有10例可见标记成棕色的肿瘤细胞侵入标记成瑰红色的神经纤维中(肿瘤侵犯神经纤维阳性),阳性率为83.3%。结论以DAB和快红作为呈色剂的免疫组织化学双标法观察肿瘤是否侵犯血管淋巴管与神经组织,结果清晰可靠,可作为判断肿瘤有无侵袭性生长的重要依据。     

网状纤维染色与免疫组织化学方法在显示肿瘤细胞及间质成分中的应用

免疫组织化学技术在判断肿瘤细胞来源、分类及鉴别诊断中应用十分广泛。网状纤维作为细胞外间质成分,存在于人体各组织器官中,通过网状纤维染色观察网状纤维在肿瘤组织中的形态变化是肿瘤鉴别诊断中又一重要参与依据。应用免疫组织化学方法和网状纤维染色,对一些不同类...     

Staining of microsporidian spores with diamidine phenylindole

A number of microscopic techniques and dyes are available to diagnose microsporidian infections in invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Among these, DNA-specific fluorochrome DAPI is widely used to stain DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, alone or in combination with other histochemical or fluorescent dyes. Moreover, this dye also binds to membraneous structures and protein complexes. In our studies, DAPI was used to stain spores of microsporidia infecting orthopteran, coleopteran, dipteran and lepidopteran insect hosts. DAPI staining of diplokarya helped to discriminate the Nosema-like microsporidian spores from spore-shaped bodies lacking this characteristic staining. It was found, moreover, that non-DNA staining occurred in many cases and other components of the spores were stained: the exospore, the cytoplasm, the extruded polar filament and the polaroplast. Staining of these structures was feeble as compared to DNA and in most cases did not interfere with nuclear apparatus staining. Feebly stained cytoplasm and exospore clearly indicated unstained zone of endospore, making it easier to diagnose both mono- and diplokaryotic spores. Staining of extruded polar filament allowed to demonstrate viability and to observe some stages of extrusion process of microsporidian spores.     

逻辑斯谛曲线的一种拟合方法

一、前言 逻辑斯谛方程(Logistic equation)指出了有限空间种群增长的基本规律,是研究种群动态的重要工具。长期以来,人们运用逻辑斯谛方程处理实验数据,得出了种种曲线拟合的方法。然而,这些方法都存在着一定的缺点,使逻辑斯谛方程的应用受到某些限制。随着种群生态学的不断发展,对实验数据的处理要求更精确、更迅速,因此进一步探讨曲线拟合     

Standardization of the Papanicolaou stain. I. A comparison of five nuclear stains.

The staining characteristics of five nuclear stains used in a Papanicolaou staining procedure were investigated. Alcohol-fixed cervical smears were stained with a modified Papanicolaou procedure using hematoxylin, alcoholic thionin bromide, alcoholic Victoria blue B, gallocyanin or the thionin Feulgen reagent (thionin-SO2) as the nuclear stain. The same anionic counterstain was used for all slides, and the optical densities of cell nuclei and cytoplasm were measured with the IBAS 2000 image analyzer. Alcoholic thionin gave the most intense nuclear stain, with a very high reproducibility of the staining pattern. Hematoxylin showed the highest coefficient of variation of the staining intensity. Both hematoxylin and gallocyanin gave some nonspecific cytoplasmic staining. Thionin-SO2 allowed a quantitative assessment of DNA, but gave a low staining intensity. Staining with the metal complex dyes interfered with subsequent staining with the pararosaniline Feulgen reagent. Alcoholic thioinin is thus recommended as a nuclear stain for cervical cytology in the Papanicolaou procedure, both for image analysis and for visual microscopy.     

Double staining protocol for developing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae

The alcian blue‐alizarin red technique was successfully adjusted to stain developing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. For an optimal staining protocol design both larval size and their morphological characteristics at each developmental stage were considered, since such parameters notably influence the staining of tissues. The incubation times of the different solutions were adjusted to allow the stain penetration for revealing the integrity of cartilaginous and bony tissues without significant tissue degradation. Three developmental windows were determined for an optimal staining procedure: (i) 4.5–6.4 mm, (ii) 6.7–8.7 mm, and (iii) 12.8–15.5 mm total length (TL). In order to validate the continuity of staining along the larval development, quantification of bone mineralization and osteocalcin gene expression were also monitored. Quantitative analysis revealed that ossification followed an exponential kinetic that was positively correlated with the osteocalcin gene expression pattern (Rs = 0.9762, P < 0.05). The mineralized tissue increased from 6.4 mm TL onwards, corresponding with the detection of the first ossified structures. The quantity of bony tissue increased gradually until 7.6 mm TL, since mineralization remained limited to the skull. From 8.3 to 15.5 mm TL, the mineralized bone was notable and nearly concerned the whole larval skeleton (skull, vertebral column and caudal complex). Since it was possible to detect the first cartilaginous and mineralized structures in specimens as small as 4.5 and 6.4 mm TL, respectively, this procedure is a useful tool to study the European sea bass skeletal ontogenesis, to precociously diagnose skeletal malformations in small larvae and eventually to better characterize the effect of different environmental and/or nutritional factors on the ossification status of specific skeletal components.     

微波Envision免疫组织化学标记的特异性和敏感性研究

本文应用新建立的快速微波－Ｅｎｖｉｓｉｏｎ两步法免疫组织化学技术,分别对福尔马林固定和石蜡包埋切片的良恶性肿瘤进行免疫组织化学标记,观察该法的敏感性和特异性。所有２３种抗原均获得强阳性、低背景。整个程序在１８分钟内完成。结果表明：该法是一种特异性强、敏感性高、背景染色轻、快速和简便的新方法,可用于常规病理诊断。     

Side effects of reaction media in histochemical blocking procedures

Synopsis 0.2 N NaOH, the reaction medium for 1,2-cyclohexanedione, a specific reagent for arginyl residues in proteins, was found to intensify, at some sites in rat abdominal skin and human gingiva, the Sakaguchi reaction, staining with Pauly's reagent, and anionic dye binding at pH 6.4; at other sites these reactions were reduced, presumably due to extraction of material from sections. 0.2 N NaOH slightly reduced staining after the ninhydrin-Schiff procedure at all sites in rat skin. The interpretation of this finding is obscure, because some sites giving a positive Sakaguchi reaction and staining with anionic dyes failed to stain after the ninhydrin-Schiff procedure. There were also alterations in staining, with the cationic dyes Alcian Blue and Alcian Yellow. It is suggested that 0.2 N NaOH ruptures linkages between polycationic residues of proteins and polanions, demonstrable by Alican Blue. The blockade produced by acetic anhydride-pyridine (4060 v/v) mixtures was stable, in the alkaline conditions required for staining with Pauly's reagent. Pretreatment with pyridine alone reduced tissue binding of anionic dyes.     

Analysis of differences between coomassie blue stain and silver stain procedures in polyacrylamide gels: conditions for the detection of calmodulin and troponin C

It is reported that the conditions used in some silver stain procedures can fail to detect calmodulin, troponin C, and other proteins with similar physical properties. Conditions are described that allow the reproducible detection of these proteins. Two phenomena are described: (1) lack of protein staining when treatment with glutaraldehyde is omitted from the protocol, and (2) loss of small proteins from the gel matrix during prolonged washing procedures. These data directly demonstrate that the use of some silver staining protocols can result in misleading data in biological studies and provide an explanation for at least one class of proteins of how silver staining and Coomassie blue staining of gels can give different results.     

The TP-levanol fast cyanine 5RN staining procedure for proteins of the myosin-fibrin group. Fibrin staining and other remarks

The tannic acid-phosphomolybdic acid-Levanol (Supranol) Fast Cyanine 5RN (TP-L) procedure for staining muscle cells and blood platelets was used because, with this method, proteins of the myosin-fibrin group should be selectively stained. However, in human blood and blood plasma clots and in vivo thrombi, fibrin was not stained. Blood platelets probably due to their content of contractile proteins were very well stained. Apparent fibrin staining in human autopsy thrombi may be due to the staining of disintegrated platelets and the absorbance of fibrin by stained hemoglobin. Problems encountered using Nuclear Fast Red as the nuclear stain were solved by changing the dye concentration or by using a differentiating agent. Myosin staining by the TP-L method depended on the pH of the tannic-acid solution used. Raising the pH to 7.4-8.0 changed the staining result, and collagen fibers were then stained.     

The TP-levanol fast cyanine 5RN staining procedure for proteins of the myosin-fibrin group

Summary The tannic acid-phoshomolybdic acid-Levanol (Supranol) Fast Cyanine 5RN (TP-L) procedure for staining muscle cells and blood platelets was used because, with this method, proteins of the myosin-fibrin group should be selectively stained. However, in human blood and blood plasma clots and in vivo thrombi, fibrin was not stained. Blood platelets probably due to their content of contractile proteins were very well stained. Apparent fibrin staining in human autopsy thrombi may be due to the staining of disintegrated platelets and the absorbance of fibrin by stained hemoglobin. Problems encountered using Nuclear Fast Red as the nuclear stain were solved by changing the dye concentration or by using a differentiating agent. Myosin staining by the TP-L method depended on the pH of the tannic-acid solution used. Raising the pH to 7.4–8.0 changed the staining result, and collagen fibers were then stained.     

Commercial Hair Sprays as Fixatives for Hematological Cytochemistry

Commercial hair sprays have been found to be excellent cytological fixatives for a variety of enzymatic and nonenzymatic hematological staining procedures. Of the varieties evaluated, not all were found suitable for each staining procedure tested. With some preparations, excellent leukocyte morphology and preservation of reaction product was obtained after staining for carbohydrates (PAS), lipid (Sudan black), nucleic acids (methyl green-pyronin), peroxidase, M-nadi oxidase and alkaline phosphatase. These spray preparations are remarkably inexpensive, readily stored, and stable and simple to use. The fixative ability is probably related to their polyvinylpyrrolidine and alcohol content.