阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者的治疗效果及对血脂、尿酸水平的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者的治疗效果及对血脂、尿酸水平的影响。方法:收集我院就诊的116例冠心病合并糖尿病患者,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各58例。两组患者入院后均给予控制血糖、降血压等对症治疗。对照组患者给予阿司匹林肠溶片0.3~0.6g/次,3次/d,口服,氯吡格雷片2片/次,1次/d,口服,硝酸甘油0.25~0.5 g/次,3次/d,含服;实验组患者在对照组基础上给予阿托伐他汀片10~20 mg/次,1次/d,治疗连续4周,治疗期间根据患者情况及时调整药量。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、尿酸(UA)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血清LDL-C、TG、TC、UA、Hb A1c水平均下降,HDL-C水平升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的LDL-C、TG、TC、UA、Hb A1c水平较低,HDL-C水平及临床治疗有效率均较高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀能够有效降低老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者血糖、血脂以及尿酸水平,且临床治疗效果较好。     

Atherogenic lipid profile is a feature characteristic of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: effect of early treatment – a prospective, controlled study

We investigated lipid profiles and lipoprotein modification after immuno-intervention in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). Fifty-eight patients with ERA who met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were included in the study. These patients had disease durations of less than one year and had not had prior treatment for it. Smokers or patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, liver or kidney disease, Cushing's syndrome, obesity, familiar dyslipidemia and those receiving medications affecting lipid metabolism were excluded from the study. Sixty-three healthy volunteers (controls) were also included. Patients were treated with methotrexate and prednisone. Lipid profiles, disease activity for the 28 joint indices score (DAS-28) as well as ACR 50% response criteria were determined for all patients. The mean DAS-28 at disease onset was 5.8 ± 0.9. After a year of therapy, 53 (91.3%) patients achieved the ACR 20% response criteria, while 45 (77.6%) attained the ACR 50% criteria. In addition, a significant decrease in the DAS-28, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were observed. ERA patients exhibited higher serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, whereas their serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower compared to controls. As a consequence, the atherogenic ratio of TC/HDL-C as well as that of LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly higher in ERA patients compared to controls. After treatment, a significant reduction of the atherogenic ratio of TC/HDL-C as well as that of LDL-C/HDL-C was observed, a phenomenon primarily due to the increase of serum HDL-C levels. These changes were inversely correlated with laboratory changes, especially CRP and ESR. In conclusion, ERA patients are characterized by an atherogenic lipid profile, which improves after therapy. Thus, early immuno-intervention to control disease activity may reduce the risk of the atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular events in ERA patients.     

Lipoprotein (a) and ischemic heart diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes

Lipoprotein (a) is a new independent coronary risk factor, but the role of lipoprotein (a) in type 2 diabetes remains controversial. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the level of lipoprotein (a) and the coronary artery diseases (CAD) in type 2 diabetes. Recruitment was carried out in 3 groups of patients: Group 1: 110 control subjects, Group 2: 115 diabetics (D), Group 3: 105 diabetics with CAD (DC). The mean age was, 51 + 7; 52 + 6; 56 + 6 respectively. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo A-I, Apo B and lipoprotein (a) were measured for the patients. The Lp (a) level was significantly higher in the diabetic groups as compared to the controls (p < 0.05), but this level was different between D and DC: 312 + 232 vs 347.8 + (NS). However, when the Lp (a) level is higher than 300 mg/ml, there is a significant difference between DC and D (53% vs 42% p = 0.05). There is no correlation between Lp level and total cholesterol; however, there is a significant variation of Lp (a) level with LDL-C (r = -0.14, P = 0.01). There is a negative correlation between Lp (a) and HDL-C (r = -0.13, p = 0.03), Lp (a) and ApoA-I (r = - 0.11, p = 0.05); but there is a positive correlation between Lp (a) and ApoB (r = 0.14, p = 0.02). Lp(a) level higher than 300 mg/L constitutes a coronary risk factor in type 2 diabetes. This contributes, with the other lipid disorders, to the increase of the coronary risk factors in diabetes.     

Atherogenic lipid profile is a feature characteristic of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: effect of early treatment--a prospective, controlled study

We investigated lipid profiles and lipoprotein modification after immuno-intervention in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). Fifty-eight patients with ERA who met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were included in the study. These patients had disease durations of less than one year and had not had prior treatment for it. Smokers or patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, liver or kidney disease, Cushing's syndrome, obesity, familiar dyslipidemia and those receiving medications affecting lipid metabolism were excluded from the study. Sixty-three healthy volunteers (controls) were also included. Patients were treated with methotrexate and prednisone. Lipid profiles, disease activity for the 28 joint indices score (DAS-28) as well as ACR 50% response criteria were determined for all patients. The mean DAS-28 at disease onset was 5.8 +/- 0.9. After a year of therapy, 53 (91.3%) patients achieved the ACR 20% response criteria, while 45 (77.6%) attained the ACR 50% criteria. In addition, a significant decrease in the DAS-28, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were observed. ERA patients exhibited higher serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, whereas their serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower compared to controls. As a consequence, the atherogenic ratio of TC/HDL-C as well as that of LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly higher in ERA patients compared to controls. After treatment, a significant reduction of the atherogenic ratio of TC/HDL-C as well as that of LDL-C/HDL-C was observed, a phenomenon primarily due to the increase of serum HDL-C levels. These changes were inversely correlated with laboratory changes, especially CRP and ESR. In conclusion, ERA patients are characterized by an atherogenic lipid profile, which improves after therapy. Thus, early immuno-intervention to control disease activity may reduce the risk of the atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular events in ERA patients.     

老年不稳定型心绞痛患者血清Irisin、Angptl 2、CTRP1水平与血脂和冠状动脉病变的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨老年不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者血清鸢尾素（Irisin）、血管生成素样蛋白2（Angptl 2）、C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白1（CTRP1）水平与血脂和冠状动脉病变的相关性。方法：选择2019年4月至2021年5月期间我院收治的老年UAP患者86例作为观察组,同期在我院体检无冠状动脉病变的志愿者80例作为对照组,比较两组血清Irisin、Angptl 2、CTRP1水平,根据Gensini积分将观察组患者分为轻度病变组28例,中度病变组33例和重度病变组25例,比较各组血清Irisin、Angptl 2、CTRP1及血脂水平,并分析血清Irisin、Angptl 2、CTRP1水平与血脂及Gensini积分的相关性。结果：观察组血清Irisin水平明显低于对照组,Angptl 2、CTRP1水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。不同冠状动脉病变程度老年UAP患者血清Irisin、Angptl 2、CTRP1、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平比较均有统计学差异（P<0.05）,血清Irisin、HDL-C水平随着冠状动脉病变程度的增加而降低,Angptl 2、CTRP1、TC、TG、LDL-C水平则随着冠状动脉病变程度的增加而升高（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示：老年UAP患者的血清Irisin水平与TC、TG、LDL-C、Gensini积分呈负相关,而与HDL-C呈正相关（P<0.05）;血清Angptl 2、CTRP1水平与TC、TG、LDL-C、Gensini积分呈正相关,而与HDL-C呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论：老年UAP患者血清Irisin水平降低,Angptl 2、CTRP1水平升高,其水平与患者血脂和冠状动脉病变程度密切相关。     

Butyrylcholinesterase K variant and the APOE-ε4 allele work in synergy to increase the risk of coronary artery disease especially in diabetic patients

We have previously shown that butyrylcholinesterase-K (BCHE-K, G1615A/Ala539Thr) variant increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition, we have found that the presence of APOE-ε4 allele augments the risk of CAD in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM/CAD). Here we explored the concomitant presences of two alleles of the BCHE-K and APOE-ε4 in increasing the risk of CAD or diabetes in T2DM patients with or without CAD and CAD patients without T2DM. This case–control study comprised 631 subjects undergoing their first coronary angiography. They were matched and randomly assigned into four groups: type II diabetic patients with no sign of CAD (T2DM), type II diabetic patients with CAD/ND (T2DM/CAD), CAD patients with no sign of diabetes (CAD/ND), and healthy individuals (NCAD/ND). BCHE-K variant and APOE genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP and serum lipid level was measured enzymatically. We found that BCHE-K and APOE-ε4 allele act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD in both T2DM, non-diabetic and total CAD (TCAD = T2DM/CAD + CAD/ND) individuals. The level of synergy 1.5 and 1.2 fold are higher in CAD patients (OR = 4.5; P = 0.011) with T2DM than the non-diabetic CAD patients (OR = 3.07; P = 0.024) and TCAD patients (OR = 3.74; P = 0.018), respectively. The CAD subjects with and without T2DM and TCAD patients carrying both APOE-ε4 allele and BCHE-K had significantly lower plasma HDL-C (P values = 0.008, 0.047, and 0.036, respectively) and higher plasma LDL-C (P values = 0.025, 0.048, and 0.04, respectively), than that of the control carriers both APOE-ε4 and BCHE-K. We have found that BCHE-K and APOE-ε4 allele not only act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD, particularly in T2DM subjects in population from western Iran, who have high levels of LDL-C and low levels of HDL-C, suggesting that a specific therapeutic intervention should be considered for these particular groups of patients.     

女性冠心病患者的危险因素分析及与冠脉病变严重程度的关系

目的:了解女性冠心病患者的危险因素及与冠脉病变严重程度的关系。方法:随机选取本院2012年至2014年心血管科住院治疗的疑似冠心病女性患者150例,经冠脉造影确诊冠心病患者105例,非冠心病患者45例。对患者的临床资料和冠脉病变严重程度进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:冠心病患者高血压与糖尿病百分比、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及纤维蛋白原水平均高于非冠心病患者,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和血红蛋白水平均低于非冠心病患者(P0.05);年龄、高血压与糖尿病百分比、血脂上升百分比(高TC、高TG、低HDL-C、高LDL-C)、高尿酸百分比和纤维蛋白原水平均随冠状动脉病变支数及Gensini积分的增加而增加(P0.05);多因素分析发现女性冠心病的影响因素分别为高LDL-C、糖尿病、低HDL-C、TG和高血压,其中高LDL-C的影响最为显著(P0.05)。结论:高血压、糖尿病史、血脂水平为女性冠心病的影响因素,其中高LDL-C的影响最显著,各影响因素均与冠脉病变程度紧密相关。     

血清CTRP5、CTRP12、CTRP13与老年2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢和颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

摘要 目的：探讨血清补体1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白（CTRP）5、CTRP12、CTRP13与老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者糖脂代谢和颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的关系。方法：选取2021年1月～2023年1月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的198例老年T2DM患者纳入T2DM组,另选取同期100名体检健康老年人纳入对照组,根据是否CAS将老年T2DM患者分为CAS组131例和非CAS组67例。检测血清CTRP5、CTRP12、CTRP13和糖脂代谢指标[空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）]。采用Pearson相关性分析老年T2DM患者血清CTRP5、CTRP12、CTRP13与糖脂代谢指标水平的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归模型和受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析老年T2DM患者CAS的影响因素及血清CTRP5、CTRP12、CTRP13水平对其的诊断价值。结果：与对照组比较,T2DM组血清CTRP5、FPG、2hBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C水平升高,CTRP12、CTRP13、HDL-C水平降低（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,老年T2DM患者血清CTRP5与FPG、2hBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C水平呈正相关,与HDL-C水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）;血清CTRP12、CTRP13与FPG、2hBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C水平呈负相关,与HDL-C水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示,HbA1c、HOMA-IR、LDL-C、CTRP5升高为老年T2DM患者CAS的独立危险因素,CTRP12、CTRP13升高为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清CTRP5、CTRP12、CTRP13水平联合诊断老年T2DM患者CAS的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.915,大于血清CTRP5、CTRP12、CTRP13水平单独诊断的0.790、0.785、0.789。结论：老年T2DM患者血清CTRP5水平升高,CTRP12、CTRP13水平降低,与糖脂代谢紊乱和CAS密切相关,血清CTRP5、CTRP12、CTRP13水平联合对老年T2DM患者CAS具有较高的诊断价值。     

老年原发性高血压患者脉搏波传导速度与心脑血管危险因素关系的研究

目的:探讨老年原发性高血压患者脉搏波传导速度与心脑血管危险因素关系。方法:随机选取2012年5月至2012年8月在我院体检的160例新诊老年原发性高血压患者及120例健康个体,所有个体均未接受治疗,采用动脉硬化检测仪测定患者肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV),同时测量身高、腰围、体重、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FBS)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)等指标,探讨老年原发性高血压患者高脂血症、吸烟、肥胖、糖尿病等危险因素与baPWV指标变化的关系。结果:不同血压分级的老年原发性高血压患者之间肱踝脉搏波传导速度值存在显著差异(P0.01)。合并冠心病、肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟、高脂血症等危险因素的高血压患者baPWV值显著高于单纯性原发性高血压患者(P0.01)。多元回归分析表明:吸烟史(P0.01)、冠心病史(P0.01)、糖尿病史(P0.01)、年龄(P0.01)、腰围(P0.01)、血压(P0.01)、HDL-C(P0.01)、TC(P0.01)、FBS(P0.01)、LDL-C(P0.01)、Cr(P0.01)是baPWV升高的独立风险因素。结论:老年原发性高血压患者存在不同程度的的动脉僵硬增高,常见心脑血管风险因素同样影响老年原发性高血压患者僵硬度。     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清促甲状腺激素水平及其与冠脉病变程度的相关性分析

目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平及其与患者冠脉病变程度的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月～2017年6月我院收治的88例老年T2DM患者(T2DM组)、50例健康体检者(对照组)的临床资料,根据血清TSH水平将T2DM组分为四个亚组,A组(0.45～1.49 m IU/L,n=18)、B组(1.50～2.49 m IU/L,n=23)、C组(2.50～3.49 m IU/L,n=22)、D组(≥4.5 m IU/L,n=25)。比较T2DM组与对照组TSH水平的差异,并根据计算机断层血管造影(CTA)结果计算Gensini评分,分析Gensini评分与血清TSH水平的相关性。结果:T2DM组血清TSH水平显著高于对照组,且随着血清TSH水平的升高,T2DM患者的年龄、TC、TG、LDL-C明显增加,而HDL-C、T3明显降低(P0.05)。C组病变支数显著多于A组,重度病变的比例明显升高,而D组病变支数、病变程度与A组、B组、C组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清TSH水平与Gensini评分呈显著正相关(r=0.577,P0.05)。结论:老年T2DM患者血清TSH水平显著升高,且与患者冠脉病变严重程度呈显著正相关,血清TSH水平有助于评估老年T2DM患者冠脉病变的严重程度。     

lncRNA-ANRIL、PON1在冠心病血清中的表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：研究非编码长链RNA ANRIL（lncRNA-ANRIL）和对氧磷酶1（PON1）在冠心病患者血清表达水平,并探讨其与冠心病患者临床意义。方法：选择2018年2月到2021年2月在我院接受治疗的冠心病患者70例作为研究组,同时随机选取同期在我院进行体检的健康志愿者70例作为对照组。比较两组患者血清lncRNA-ANRIL相对表达水平和PON1含量。采用Pearson法分析冠心病患者血清lncRNA-ANRIL相对表达水平和PON1含量与收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）以及低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）间的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析冠心病发生的影响因素。结果：（1）研究组患者SBP、DBP、TG、TC和LDL-C显著高于对照组,而HDL-C显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;（2）研究组血清lncRNA ANRIL Exon 1-2和Exon 17-18相对表达水平均低于对照组,研究组血清PON1含量低于对照组（P<0.05）（3）血清ANRIL Exon 1-2和Exon 17-18相对表达水平与SBP、DBP、TG、TC和LDL-C均呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关（P<0.05）;（4）血清PON1含量与SBP、DBP、TG、TC和LDL-C均呈负相关,与HDL-C、血清ANRIL Exon 1-2和Exon 17-18相对表达水平均呈正相关（P<0.05）;（5）多因素Logistic回归分析显示：TC、SBP、DBP、TG和LDL-C是冠心病发病的危险因素,HDL-C、血清ANRIL Exon 1-2和Exon 17-18相对表达水平、以及血清PON1含量是冠心病发病的保护因素。结论：冠心病患者血清lncRNA-ANRIL相对表达水平和PON1含量均降低,两者与冠心病患者血压及血脂代谢指标显著相关,且两者均为冠心病发病的保护因素。     

Effects of cholesterol ester transfer protein Taq1B gene polymorphism on serum lipoprotein levels in Turkish coronary artery disease patients

To evaluate the effect of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B gene polymorphism on serum lipid profile in Turkish coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, we investigated Taq1B gene polymorphism of CETP and serum lipid levels in 111 controls and in 173 CAD patients with myocardial infarction. There were no significant differences in the allele distribution at this polymorphic locus between the population sample and patients with coronary artery disease with myocardial infarction. To detect the association between the Taq1B RFLP and serum lipid levels, we determined the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the subjects studied and correlated the results to the Taq1B RFLP. Patients with Taq B1B1 genotypes had lower HDL-C levels than patients with B2B2 genotype (p = 0.003). Also in control subjects with Taq B1B1 genotype, lower HDL-C levels (p = 0.05) and higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.017) and body mass index (p = 0.05) were observed compared with control subjects with the B1B2 genotype. It was observed that in our population the distribution of CETP Taq1B genotypes is similar to other populations (except Greeks). The present study demonstrates that CETP Taq1B gene polymorphism may be responsible for low HDL cholesterol levels in patients with CAD and in healthy controls in Turkey.     

瑞舒伐他汀钙对冠心病合并高脂血症患者血清hs-CRP及颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的:分析不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗冠心病合并高脂血症患者的临床效果以及对患者血清hs-CRP和颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的影响。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受治疗的冠心病合并高脂血症患者203例,根据用药剂量不同将其分为小剂量组(70例)、中剂量组(64例)及大剂量组(69例),分别采用口服瑞舒伐他汀钙5 mg/次/日、10 mg/次/日和20 mg/次/日进行治疗。观察并比较三组患者治疗前后血脂(TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C)、血清hs-CRP及IMT的变化情况。结果:治疗前,三组患者血清hs-CRP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C以及IMT值比较,差别均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,三组患者血清hs-CRP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C以及IMT值均较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);大剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙组患者血清hs-CRP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C以及IMT值显著低于中剂量组和小剂量组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);中剂量组患者血清hs-CRP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C以及IMT值显著低于小剂量组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:瑞舒伐他汀钙能够改善冠心病合并高脂血症患者的血脂水平、降低血清hs-CRP及IMT,并且其疗效与药物剂量存在量效关系。     

Persistence of an atherogenic lipid profile after treatment of acute infection with brucella

Serum lipid changes during infection may be associated with atherogenesis. No data are available on the effect of Brucellosis on lipids. Lipid parameters were determined in 28 patients with Brucellosis on admission and 4 months following treatment and were compared with 24 matched controls. Fasting levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apolipoproteins (Apo) A, B, E CII, and CIII, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were measured. Activities of serum cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) and levels of cytokines [interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNFa)] were also determined. On admission, patients compared with controls had 1) lower levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB, ApoAI, and ApoCIII and higher LDL-C/HDL-C and ApoB/ApoAI ratios; 2) higher levels of IL-1b, IL-6, and TNFa; 3) similar ApoCII and oxLDL levels and Lp-PLA₂ activity, lower PON1, and higher CETP activity; and 4) higher small dense LDL-C concentration. Four months later, increases in TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoAI, and ApoCIII levels, ApoB/ApoAI ratio, and PON1 activity were noticed compared with baseline, whereas CETP activity decreased. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, ApoCII, and oxLDL levels, Lp-PLA₂ activity, and small dense LDL-C concentration were not altered. Brucella infection is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile that is not fully restored 4 months following treatment.     

Aggressive lipid management for cardiovascular prevention: evidence from clinical trials

Epidemiologic evidence shows that elevated serum cholesterol, specifically low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Moreover, large-scale intervention trials demonstrate that treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), the most effective drug class for lowering LDL-C, significantly reduces the risk of CHD events. Unfortunately, only a moderate percentage of hypercholesterolemic patients are achieving LDL-C targets specified by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), in part because clinicians are not effectively titrating medications as needed to achieve LDL-C goals. Recent evidence suggests that more aggressive LDL-C lowering may provide greater clinical benefit, even in individuals with moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that statins have cardioprotective effects in many high-risk individuals, including those with baseline LDL-C <100 mg/dl. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was recognized by the NCEP-Adult Treatment Panel II (ATP II) as a negative risk factor for CHD. The NCEP-ATP III guidelines have also reaffirmed the importance of HDL-C by increasing the low HDL-C designation from <35 to <40 mg/dl as a major risk factor for CHD. Similarly, triglyceride control will play a larger role in dyslipidemia management. As more clinicians effectively treat adverse lipid and lipoprotein cardiovascular risk factors, patients will likely benefit from reductions in cardiovascular events.     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin水平与血糖、血脂及下肢血管病变的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清脂肪因子血管生成素样蛋白4（ANGPTL4）、促代谢因子（Betatrophin）、腹腔脂肪型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（Vaspin）水平与血糖、血脂、下肢血管病变（LVD）的关系。方法：选取我院2018年8月～2019年8月收治的老年T2DM患者108例,根据患者是否合并LVD,分成LVD组（n=38）和无LVD组（n=70）,比较两组临床资料、血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin水平、血糖指标[空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）]、血脂指标[总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）]。经Pearson线性相关分析患者血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin水平与血糖、血脂指标相关性。经Logistic多因素回归模型分析患者LVD发生的影响因素。结果：LVD组舒张压、收缩压均高于无LVD组（P＜0.05）。LVD组血清Betatrophin水平及TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c高于无LVD组,血清ANGPTL4、Vaspin水平及HDL-C低于无LVD组（P＜0.05）。Pearson线性相关分析显示,血清ANGPTL4、Vaspin与TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关（P＜0.05）。血清Betatrophin与TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关（P＜0.05）。Logistic多因素回归模型分析结果显示,血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin以及舒张压、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c是患者LVD发生的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：老年T2DM合并LVD患者的血清ANGPTL4、Vaspin水平明显下降,而血清Betatrophin水平升高,且三者与血糖、血脂指标均存在相关性,并且是患者发生LVD的影响因素,临床可考虑通过检测血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin水平,辅助评估LVD的发生风险。     

Atherogenic lipoprotein profile in families with and without history of early myocardial infarction

In this study we compared several parameters characterizing differences in the lipoprotein profile between members of families with a positive or negative family history of coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition to regular parameters such as the body mass index (BMI), total plasma cholesterol (TC), low density (LDL-C) and high density (HDL-C) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) we estimated the fractional esterification rate of cholesterol in apoB lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)) which reflects HDL and LDL particle size distribution. A prevalence of smaller particles for the atherogenic profile of plasma lipoproteins is typical. Log (TG/HDL-C) as a newly established atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated and correlated with other parameters. The cohort in the study consisted of 29 young (< 54 years old) male survivors of myocardial infarction (MI), their spouses and at least one offspring (MI group; n=116). The control group consisted of 29 apparently healthy men with no family history of premature CAD in three generations, their spouses and at least one offspring (control group; n=124). MI families had significantly higher BMI than the controls, with the exception of spouses. Plasma TC did not significantly differ between MI and the controls. MI spouses had significantly higher TG. Higher LDL-C had MI survivors only, while lower HDL-C had both MI survivors and their spouses compared to the controls. FER(HDL) was significantly higher in all the MI subgroups (probands 25.85+/-1.22, spouses 21.55+/-2.05, their daughters 16.93+/-1.18 and sons 19.05+/-1.33 %/h) compared to their respective controls (men 20.80+/-1.52, spouses 14.70+/-0.98, daughters 13.23+/-0.74, sons 15.7+/-0.76 %/h, p<0.01 to p<0.05). Log(TG/HDL-C) ranged from negative values in control subjects to positive values in MI probands. High correlation between FER(HDL) and Log (TG/HDL-C) (r=0.80, p<0.0001) confirmed close interactions among TG, HDL-C and cholesterol esterification rate. The finding of significantly higher values of FER(HDL) and Log (TG/HDL-C) indicate higher incidence of atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in members of MI families. The possibility that, in addition to genetic factors, a shared environment likely contributes to the familial aggregation of CAD risk factors is supported by a significant correlation of the FER(HDL) values within spousal pairs (control pairs: r=0.51 p<0.01, MI pairs: r=0.41 p<0.05).     

Associations Between Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Micro- and Macroangiopathies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: The triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio has been reported to be a marker of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the TG/HDL-C ratio and micro- and macroangiopathies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: A total of 1,981 (851 male and 1,130 female) patients with type 2 DM were enrolled from our outpatient clinic. These patients were stratified into 4 groups according to TG/HDL-C ratio quartiles.Results: There were significant trends for stepwise increases in albuminuria ≥30 mg/g (P<.001), coronary artery disease (CAD, P =.040), cerebrovascular disease (CVA, P =.002) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.9 (P =.001) corresponding to TG/HDL-C ratio quartiles, but not diabetic retinopathy (P =.105). Furthermore, quartile 4 of the TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with albuminuria, CAD, CVA, and ABI <0.9 after multivariate analysis compared to quartile 1.Conclusion: A high TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with albuminuria, CAD, CVA, and peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) in patients with DM, which translated into an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Abbreviations: ABI = ankle-brachial index; ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; CI = confidence interval; CVA = cerebrovascular disease; DM = diabetes mellitus, DR = diabetic retinopathy; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR = odds ratio; PAOD = peripheral artery occlusive disease; TGs = triglycerides     

不同神经功能缺损程度急性脑梗死患者Th17/Treg比值、CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16的变化及对短期预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同神经功能缺损程度急性脑梗死（ACI）患者辅助性T细胞17（Th17）/调节性T细胞（Treg）比值、趋化因子（CXCL）9、CXCL12、CXCL16的变化及对短期预后的影响。方法：选取2020年4月20日至2021年1月10日期间我院收治的ACI患者96例作为研究对象,根据入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分将患者分为重度组（25例）、中度组（32例）和轻度组（39例）。根据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分分为预后不良组（31例）和预后良好组（65例）。对比轻度组、中度组和重度组的外周血Th17/Treg比值、血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平;对比预后良好组和预后不良组的外周血Th17/Treg比值、血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平;采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析ACI患者预后不良的影响因素。结果：重度组、中度组的外周血Th17/Treg比值、血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平高于轻度组,且重度组高于中度组（P<0.05）。预后良好组的外周血Th17/Treg比值、血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平低于预后不良组（P<0.05）。单因素分析可知,预后不良与性别、年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病史、疾病梗死部位、治疗方式、发病至入院时间、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、白细胞计数（WBC）无关（P>0.05）。而与糖尿病史、高血压史、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、NIHSS评分有关（P<0.05）。糖尿病史、高血压史、LDL-C偏高、颈动脉IMT偏厚、NIHSS评分偏高是ACI患者预后的危险因素,而外周血Th17/Treg比值及血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平下降是ACI患者预后的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：外周血Th17/Treg比值、CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16随着ACI病情进展呈升高现象,是影响ACI患者预后的重要影响因素,除此之外,糖尿病史、高血压史、LDL-C偏高、颈动脉IMT偏厚、NIHSS评分偏高也是预后不良的危险因素。     

血清Fractalkine、Apelin水平与糖尿病视网膜病变患者血糖、血脂以及病程的关系研究

目的:研究血清Fractalkine(FKN)、爱帕琳肽(Apelin)水平与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血糖、血脂以及病程的关系。方法:选取我院于2015年1月至2016年12月收治的160例糖尿病患者为研究对象,行眼底荧光造影、裂隙灯显微镜检查,按照检查结果将其区分为非增生型DR组(稳定组,43例)、背景期DR组(背景组,62例)和增殖期DR组(增殖组,55例),另外于同期选取我院40例健康体检者为健康对照组(健康组),测量4组血清FKN、Apelin、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平,使用Pearson相关性分析分析血清FKN、Apelin与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程的相关性。结果:血清FKN、Apelin水平比较:增殖组背景组稳定组健康组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);血清FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC水平比较:增殖组背景组稳定组健康组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);血清HDL-C水平比较:健康组稳定组背景组增殖组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);采用Pearson相关性分析显示,血清FKN水平与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程呈正相关性(r=0.321、0.215、0.645、0.154、0.215、0.325、0.578,P0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关性(r=-0.547,P0.05);血清Apelin水平与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程呈正相关性(r=0.245、0.574、0.951、0.357、0.357、0.159、0.546,P0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关性(r=-0.459,P0.05);糖尿病病程、HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C、FKN和Apelin为DR病程的相关影响因素。结论:糖尿病伴发DR患者血清FKN、Apelin水平随着病程的加重逐渐增加,且这两种因子的水平与患者血糖、血脂代谢关系密切。