Reproduction strategy of Trias verrucosa (Orchidaceae) from China

Trias, an orchid genus, was reported in this paper from China as a newly recorded genus for the first time. The genus and its new species, T. verrucosa Z. J. Liu, L. J. Chen et S. P. Lei, were described and discussed. Trias consists of 19 species ranging from Assam of India to Indonesia and Australia in the southeast via Myanmar to Deccan of India in the southwest. Its occurrence in West Yunnan of China is a further indication of phytogeographical relations between this region and the tropical Asia. This new species grows on shady rocks in forests. By observing of its biological characteristics such as phenology and blooming biology, lots of cloned ramets of generation overlap were found, but there were no fruited plants, and that clonal reproduction could repeat had nothing to do with whether the ramet bloomed or not. The flowering season of this species is from early April to early May. The opening of flowers on plants or inflorescence was irregular and the florescence of single flowers was rather short, only lasting 4–5 d, and no fruited flowers were found. Based on the detection of mating systems, no flowers of artificial self-pollination and artificial cross-pollination have fruited. Since the flowering period is just before the rainy season in this region, the ecological conditions of dryness, strong wind, low temperature and weak light during that period of time are evidently unfavorable to plant blooming, pollinating and fruiting. Apparently, the short duration and sterility of each flower would avoid the invalid energy waste in unfavorable circumstances and save the limited energy for more valid asexual reproduction so that the opportunity of multiplication in an uncertain environment would be increased to ensure the progenitive success. The P/O value of T. verrucosa is 187.4 ± 22.4, which is obviously related with the highly valid usage of its conglutinated and hard tuberous pollinarium during pollination, indicating that this species could hold the characteristic of sexual reproduction. This is an adaptation of this type of plants to the rather atrocious ecological circumstance there by its reproduction strategy of strengthening asexual reproduction and weakening sexual reproduction, and so it enables the plants to survive in this region, long-distanced from the places where its relatives dwell.     

疣花三角兰（Trias verrucosa）的生殖策略

首次报道了中国兰科新记录属三角兰属(Trias),并对该属及该属新种疣花三角兰(T.verrucosa Z.J.Liu,L.J.Chen et S.P.Lei)进行了描述与讨论。三角兰属含19种,分布于自印度的阿萨姆经缅甸向东南扩展至印度尼西亚与澳大利亚,向西南延伸至印度德干高原。它在云南西部的发现进一步表明了该地区与热带亚洲在植物地理学上的亲密关系。新种生于林下较阴蔽的石上,对其物候学与开花生物学特征的观察,发现该物种有大量世代重叠的克隆分株,未见结实的植株,克隆繁殖的发生与分株是否开花无关。花期自4月初至5月初,花在植株或花序上的开放毫无规律,而且单花的花期较短,仅有4～5d,未发现有结实的花。交配系统检测,人工自花传粉和异花传粉的花未见有结实。由于该植物的花期常处于雨季来临之前,此时干燥,风力大,低温和弱光的生态条件对于植物的开花、传粉、结实显然是不利的。缩短开花时间和不结实可避免植株的能量在不利环境的无效消耗,将有限的能量用于其较为有效的无性繁殖,增加了在不可预测环境中繁衍的机会,以保障繁殖的成功。它的P/O(花粉/胚珠)值为187.4±22.4,显然是与它的花粉粘合成坚硬块状可在传粉中的高效利用有关,表明该物种仍然保留有性繁殖的特性。该种植物所采取强化无性繁殖,弱化有性繁殖生殖策略是对该地区较为恶劣生态条件的适应,可能正是由于这个原因,疣花三角兰能够在远离其同属近亲的地方生存下来。     

中国新记录属——树矛茧蜂属(Dendrosotinus)记述及一新种描述(膜翅目:茧蜂科:矛茧蜂亚科)

首次发现了树矛茧蜂属(DendrosotinusTelenga,1941)在中国的分布,并记述了该属1新种———武夷树矛茧蜂(D.wuyiensissp.nov.)。模式标本保存于福建农林大学植保学院益虫研究室。     

中国西藏兰科植物新资料

东喜马拉雅地区是全球生物多样性的热点区域,西藏为其重要组成单元,明确该地区本底植物资源及地理分布对区域植物区系研究有着重要意义。该文报道了笔者在西藏考察中发现的西藏兰科(Orchidaceae)植物5个新记录属,即美柱兰属(Callostylis Blume)、异型兰属(Chiloschista Lindl.)、蛇舌兰属(Diploprora Hook. f.)、带叶兰属(Taeniophyllum Blume)和宽距兰属(Yoania Maxim.)。对应的5个新记录种,即美柱兰(Callostylis rigida Bl.)、异型兰(Chiloschista yunnanensis Schlechter)、蛇舌兰 [Diploprora championii(Lindl.)Hook. f.]、毛莛带叶兰(Taeniophyllum retrospiculatum King & Pantl.)和印度宽距兰(Yoania prainii King & Pantl.)。该文还附有新记录属、种的形态描述和特征图片。该研究结果进一步丰富了中国植物区系资料,拓宽了西藏兰科植物的记录,并对西藏及毗邻地区兰科植物多样性保护具有重要价值。     

The earliest fossil record of Panorpidae (Mecoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of China

The early history of Panorpidae (Mecoptera) is poorly known due to sparse fossil records. Up to date, only nine fossil species have been described, all from the Paleogene, except the Early Cretaceous Solusipanorpa gibbidorsa Lin, 1980. However, we suggest S. gibbidorsa is too incompletely preserved to permit even family classification. A new genus with two new species, Jurassipanorpa impunctata gen. et sp. n. and Jurassipanorpa sticta sp. n., are described based on four well-preserved specimens from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. These two new species are the earliest fossil records of Panorpidae. The new genus is erected based on a combination of forewing characters: both R₁ and Rs₁ with two branches, 1A reaching posterior margin of wing distad of the forking of Rs from R_1, and no crossveins or only one crossvein between veins of 1A and 2A. In all four specimens, long and robust setae ranging from 0.09 to 0.38 mm in length and pointing anteriorly, are present on anal veins of forewings. The function of these setae is enigmatic.     

中国安蛛科(蜘蛛目)蜘蛛记述及一新纪录属Conculus

本文简要综述了我国安蛛科的研究现状,并描述了一种产自重庆洞穴的安蛛——Conculus lyugadinus Komatsu,1940,这是Conculus属在我国的首次报道.所有检视标本均保存在四川大学自然博物馆(SCUM).     

The Genus Herminium Guett. (Orchidaceae) in China

Herminium is a genus of about 26 species, mainly distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of Asia and Europe. Yunnan, Sichuan and Xizang in China are the present distribution centre as well as differentiation centre of the genus. In the present paper, taxa of Herminium hitherto recorded in China are taxonomically and phytogeographically discussed and revised, and, as a result, 18 species are recongnized, including two newly recorded species, H. angustilabre King et Pantl. and H. quinquelobum King et Pantl., and 12 species endemic to China. A full list of synonyms is given, a key to the species is provided and the distribution areas of all taxa are mapped.     

中国台湾秃蝗亚科一新属四新种(直翅目，斑腿蝗科)(英文)

记述了采自中国台湾斑腿蝗科秃蝗亚科1新属台秃蝗属Taipoodisma gen. nov. 和4新种：红股台秃蝗Taipodisma rufifemora sp. nov., 谢氏台秃蝗Taipodisma hsiehi sp. nov., 周氏台秃蝗Taipodisma chowi sp. nov., 黑胫台秃蝗Taipodisma nigritibia sp. nov.。新属台秃蝗属Taipoodisma gen. nov.同蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang, 1940近似,不同之处为前胸背板后缘中央缺凹口,中隆线在沟前区不显,在沟后区留有痕迹。新属同辽秃蝗属Liaopodisma Zheng, 1990也近似,不同之处为雄性后胸腹板两侧叶分开,不毗连。新种红股台秃蝗T. rufifemora sp. nov. 后足股节内侧和下方红色可与同属其他种相区别。新种谢氏台秃蝗T. hsiehi sp. nov. 缺黑色眼后带可与同属其他种相区别。新种周氏台秃蝗T. chowi sp. nov. 同红股台秃蝗T. rufifemora sp. nov.近似,不同之处为后足股节内侧和下方非红色。新种黑胫台秃蝗T. nigritibia sp. nov. 同周氏台秃蝗T. chowi sp. nov.近似,不同之处为前胸背板沿中隆线缺黑色纵带和前翅黄褐色,缺黑色带纹。列出了该属的种检索表。     

FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS PAULLANACARUS BALOGH FROM CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (ACARI,ORIBATIDA, LOHMANNIIDAE)

波利甲螨属Paulianacarus全世界过去已知12种,中国无记录.记述采自福建龙岩的中国新纪录该属及1新种,龙岩波利甲螨P.(P.)longyanensis sp.nov.;提议2新组合P.(M.)foliatus Mondal et Chakrabarti,comb.nov.和P.(M.)sarbias Coetzee,comb.nov.;编制了波利甲螨属2亚属12个种分种检索表;详细描述了新种的形态特征并绘制了整体特征图,比较了新种与其近似种P.(P.) simplisetosus Mahunka,1985的区别特征.研究标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所.龙岩波利甲螨,新种P.(P.)longyanensis sp.nov.(图1 - 2) 浅褐色,筒形,体长842 (838 ～846) μm,体宽476 (473-477) μm.新种与P.(P.)simplisetosus Mahunka相似,主要区别特征如下:体表具网状结构;背板具有一些粗糙的不规则斑状结构;背部和腹部均无孔状结构;第1基节板具增生毛,基节板毛式为7-2-3-4.正模1头,福建龙岩,2009-01-20,胡展育采.副模2头,采集信息同正模.词源:新种种名源自采集地点龙岩.     

中国兰科玉凤花属一新记录种——岩生玉凤花

报道了中国云南兰科植物一新记录种,岩生玉凤花(Habenaria vidua E．C．Parish &Rchb．f).该种主要特点是生长在腐殖质比较丰富的石灰岩缝隙中,不同于属内其它物种.在植株和花部特征相似于丛叶玉凤花H．tonkinensis,但侧萼片与唇瓣绿色、唇瓣侧裂片明显上举而区别于后者.     

海南省兰科植物新记录属——鳔唇兰属

在海南省尖峰岭国家级自然保护区发现分布有兰科Orchidaceae鳔唇兰属Cystorchis Blume,应为海南省的新记录属。海南省是该属在我国已被发现的第二个分布点。根据世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）红色名录的濒危标准,无叶鳔唇兰C. aphylla属于D2级,应实施原地保护。     

蝶角蛉科(脉翅目,蚁蛉总科)中国一新纪录属记述

记述了中国蝶角蛉科1新纪录属原锯角蝶角蛉属Protacheron Weele,1908,描述了1新纪录种Protacheronphilippinensis和1新种Protacheron guangxiensis sp.nov..标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.     

广西兰科植物二新记录属

该文报道了广西兰科(Orchidaceae) 2个新记录属,即鹿角兰属(Pomatocalpa Breda)和独花兰属(Changnienia S. S. Chien)。鹿角兰属植物共有13种,中国分布有2种,广西首次记录到该属的台湾鹿角兰[Pomatocalpa undulatum (Lindley) J. J. Smith subsp. acuminatum (Rolfe) S. WatthanaS. W. Chung];独花兰属为单种属,仅独花兰(Changnienia amoena S. S. Chien) 1种,该种为中国特有种,广西首次记录。该文还提供了新记录属和种的形态描述和图片。     

中国罗甲螨科一新纪录属及一新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,甲螨目,罗甲螨科)(英文)

波利甲螨属Paulianacarus全世界过去已知12种,中国无记录。记述采自福建龙岩的中国新纪录该属及1新种,龙岩波利甲螨P.(P.)longyanensis sp.nov.;提议2新组合P.(M.)foliatus Mondal et Chakrabarti,comb.nov.和P.(M.)sarbias Coetzee,comb.nov.;编制了波利甲螨属2亚属12个种分种检索表;详细描述了新种的形态特征并绘制了整体特征图,比较了新种与其近似种P.(P.)simplisetosus Mahunka,1985的区别特征。研究标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所。龙岩波利甲螨,新种P.(P.)longyanensis sp.nov.(图1～2)浅褐色,筒形,体长842(838～846)μm,体宽476(473～477)μm。新种与P.(P.)simplisetosus M ahunka相似,主要区别特征如下:体表具网状结构;背板具有一些粗糙的不规则斑状结构;背部和腹部均无孔状结构;第1基节板具增生毛,基节板毛式为7-2-3-4。正模1头,福建龙岩,2009-01-20,胡展育采。副模2头,采集信息同正模。词源:新种种名源自采集地点龙岩。     

A new genus and four new species of Eriophyidae from China (Acari: Eriophyoidea)

One new genus and four new species of eriophyoid mites from Hainan, China are described and illustrated in this paper: Dicoxiseta Wang, Tan & Yang, gen. nov., D. litsea Wang, Tan & Yang, sp. nov. infesting Litsea monopetala(Roxb.) Pers.(Lauraceae), Eriophyes casearius Wang, Yang & Tan, sp. nov. infesting Casearia glomerata Roxb.(Flacourtiaceae), Phyllocoptruta alstonia Wang, Gu & Tan, sp. nov. infesting Alstonia scholaris(L.) R. Br.(Apocynaceae) and Aculus paederius Wang, Gu & Tan, sp. nov. infesting Paederia scandens(Lour.) Merr.(Rubiaceae). Tegolophus artocarpi Keifer, 1977 is newly recorded from China. E. casearius Wang, Yang & Tan, sp. nov. distorts severely new foliage of its host plant. Three species, P. alstonia Wang, Gu & Tan, sp. nov., A. paederius Wang, Gu & Tan, sp. nov. and T. artocarpi, cause rust on the undersurfaces of host plants, while D. litsea Wang, Tan & Yang, sp. nov. is a vagrant on the undersurface of host plant leaves, without visible symptom.     

A new genus and two new species of Phygadeuontini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) from China

Carinityla Sheng & Sun gen. n., Carinityla punctulata Sheng & Sun sp. n. and Carinityla pilosa Sheng & Sun sp. n. belonging to the tribe Phygadeuontini of the subfamily Cryptinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), collected from Jiangxi Province, China, are described. A key to the species of the new genus, Carinityla Sheng & Sun, gen. n., is provided and the genus is placed in Townes' key to genera of Endaseina.     

华东叶蜂科两新属（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

本文记述采自福建和浙江的叶蜂科蔺叶蜂亚科两个新属新种：奇鞘叶蜂Songyuna thaumata gen.et sp.nov.和淡足猜唇叶蜂Yuccatia albipes gen.et sp.nov.     

七刺网蝽族一新属一新种（半翅目：网蝽科）

记述七刺网蝽族一新属、新种Jingicoris yunanensis gen. Nov. et sp. Nov.。模式标本保存于南开大学昆虫标本室。