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1.
目的:通过三维有限元分析方法来观察并比较3种不同弹性模量钛合金股骨假体在羊股骨置换模型中von-Mises应力分布的情况。方法:采用64排螺旋CT对一健康成年羊的下肢股骨进行全长的CT扫描,扫描层厚为0.5 mm,扫描所得的数据存储为DICOM文件。将得到的DICOM文件导入到CT图像分析软件Mimics 10.0,然后利用Mimics 10.0软件来生成股骨的骨质点云数据,再将生成的骨质点云数据导入到Simpleware分析软件,通过机械加工反求中的复杂曲面造型技术建立起精确的三维实体模型。对三维实体模型进行网格划分,确定了髓腔的形状,并根据羊下肢股骨髓腔的形状设计了作者实验用的羊股骨假体模型,然后在ANSYS 12.1软件中进行网格划分。给予加载缓慢行走载荷以及扭转载荷,分析并比较羊股骨以及3种不同弹性模量钛合金股骨假体在股骨置换模型中von-Mises应力分布的情况。结果:在缓慢行走载荷以及扭转载荷条件下,3种不同弹性模量钛合金股骨假体von-Mises应力分布变化趋势一致,假体的柄颈结合部以及假体柄上1/3为应力集中区域。3种不同弹性模量的最大应力集中点均位于柄颈结合部,60 GPa弹性模量的股骨假体植入后假体的最大应力最小(37.8 MPa、29.1 MPa),股骨的最大应力最大(12.6 MPa、24.5 MPa);80 GPa的次之,假体的最大应力(38.4 MPa、33.4 MPa),股骨的最大应力(12.5 MPa、24.5 MPa);110 GPa的股骨假体植入后假体的最大应力最大(38.9 MPa、38.1 MPa),股骨的最大应力最小(12.3 MPa、24.5 MPa)。60 GPa弹性模量的股骨假体植入后的假体最大位移和相对位移均最小(缓慢行走载荷下假体最大位移为0.551 mm、相对位移为0.008 mm,扭转载荷下假体最大位移为0.730 mm、相对位移为0.011 mm)。结论:较低弹性模量的钛合金股骨假体(60 GPa)由于其弹性模量更接近于骨组织的弹性模量,股骨假体与股骨间的\"应力遮挡\"效应较小,更有利于应力在股骨假体及股骨间的传递,增加了股骨假体的早期稳定性,延长了其临床寿命。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨人工髋关节置换术患者发生股骨假体周围骨折的相关危险因素,为临床预防和治疗提供参考资料。方法:回顾性分析2012年5月~2015年5月在我院接受人工髋关节置换术的92例患者的临床资料。根据是否发生股骨假体周围骨折将所选患者分为研究组和对照组,每组46例,比较两组患者的性别分布、年龄、骨折类型及假体固定方式等,分析影响患者发生股骨假体周围骨折的危险因素。结果:研究组患者骨折类型多为A2型,患者平均年龄、女性患者数及使用生物假体的比例均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者性别、年龄、骨折类型及假体固定方式是人工髋关节置换术患者发生股骨假体周围骨折的危险因素(OR=1.993、2.012和2.363,P0.05)。结论:高龄女性患者是发生股骨周围假体骨折的高危人群,骨质疏松及骨量减少是引发该并发症的主要危险因素。  相似文献   

3.
目的:研究人工髋关节置换术中股骨假体周围骨折的影响因素及其相关性,为人工髋关节置换术中股骨假体周围骨折的预防和诊治提供科学依据。方法:选取本院2012年11月至2013年9月施行髋关节置换手术的患者780例,搜集各研究对象的一般资料(年龄、性别等)以及随访观察其髋关节置换手术后股骨假体周围骨折的发生情况,把股骨假体周围骨折的发生情况与性别、年龄、固定类型等因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果:780例施行髋关节置换手术的患者中,有52例患者术后出现股骨假体周围骨折,总发生率为6.7%;其中A型31例,B型18例(B1型6例,B2型7例,B3型5例),C型3例。女性的发生率(8.5%)高于男性(4.7%),老年患者中股骨假体周围骨折的发生率最高(10.1%),生物型假体固定者的发生率(8.7%)高于骨水泥型假体固定者(3.8%),人工髋关节翻修术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生率最高(11.4%),股骨假体周围骨折发生的危险因素为女性、高龄、使用生物型假体固定,OR值分别为5.301、3.675和2.336。结论:人工髋关节置换术中的危险因素为女性、高龄、使用生物型假体固定,临床医生应在术前对行人工髋关节置换术手术者进行充分的评估,制定合理的手术方案及选择合适的固定方式。  相似文献   

4.
目的:建立人工半骨盆假体置换与联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定后的三维有限元模型,评价腰骶段生物力学改变后半骨盆假体力学结构的特点。方法:采用CT薄层扫描采集原始数据,分别建立正常骨盆、半骨盆假体置换术后以及半骨盆假体置换联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定术后骨盆的三维有限元模型,分别在第4腰椎上终板平面施以500 N的垂直纵向载荷,分析不同骨盆模型的应力分布特点。结果:与正常骨盆有限元模型相比,半骨盆假体置换术后健侧骨盆应力分布以骶髂关节、髋臼窝及耻骨为主,置换侧半骨盆假体以耻骨连接棒、髋臼杯及髂骨座为主,最大应力出现在耻骨连接棒,应力峰值为65.62 MPa。联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定后健侧应力相对减小,置换侧髂骨固定座与骶骨固定处应力相对减小,应力分布以腰椎椎弓根钉棒、耻骨连接棒及髋臼杯为主,最大应力出现在椎弓根螺钉,应力峰值为107 MPa。结论:半骨盆假体置换联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定后钉棒分担了半骨盆置换后健侧骨盆及置换侧髂骨固定座与骶骨固定处附近的部分应力,缓解应力集中现象,降低术后骨盆破坏风险,一定程度上增加了半骨盆置换后骨盆的稳定性。  相似文献   

5.
目的:建立膝关节半月板三维有限元模型。方法:拍摄健康成人膝关节CT图像,使用Materialise Interactive Medical ImageControl System 10.0(Mimics10.0)、Freeform Modeling System 10(FMS10)、ANSYS12.0等软件建立半月板三维有限元模型并进行初步生物力学分析验证模型的有效性。结果:建立的半月板三维有限元模型几何形态与实体解剖标本相似性高。初步生物力学分析结果显示模型能准确反映半月板的生物力学特性。结论:采用CT扫描图像建立膝关节半月板三维有限元模型是切实可行的。  相似文献   

6.
目的:建立膝关节半月板三维有限元模型。方法:拍摄健康成人膝关节CT图像,使用Materialise Interactive Medical ImageControl System 10.0(Mimics10.0)、Freeform Modeling System 10(FMS10)、ANSYS12.0等软件建立半月板三维有限元模型并进行初步生物力学分析验证模型的有效性。结果:建立的半月板三维有限元模型几何形态与实体解剖标本相似性高。初步生物力学分析结果显示模型能准确反映半月板的生物力学特性。结论:采用CT扫描图像建立膝关节半月板三维有限元模型是切实可行的。  相似文献   

7.
摘要 目的:分析半腱肌转位对髋关节旋转与伸展运动的影响。方法:采集志愿者的CT与MRI影像数据,构建髋膝关节三维有限元模型,计算并建立髋关节旋转与伸展相关肌肉的弹簧模型,依次加载相关肌肉模拟半腱肌完整、转位与缺失状态下股骨的总体应力与总体形变,以评价对髋关节内旋与伸展功能的影响。结果:成功构建CT与MRI影像数据拟合的包含骨骼、韧带与肌肉的髋膝关节三维有限元模型,计算获得各相关肌肉弹簧模型的参数。在髋关节旋转有限元模型中,半腱肌完整的情况下,髋关节旋转肌群导致的股骨整体应力为0.59057 MPa,半腱肌转位为0.90023 MPa,半腱肌缺失为0.48851 MPa;而半腱肌完整的情况下,髋关节旋转肌群导致的股骨整体形变为4.1081 mm,半腱肌转位为3.9998 mm,半腱肌缺失为3.0244 mm。在髋关节伸展有限元模型中,半腱肌完整的情况下,髋关节伸展肌群导致的股骨整体应力为2.8383 MPa,半腱肌转位为2.1019 MPa,半腱肌缺失为1.4665 MPa;而半腱肌完整的情况下,髋关节伸展肌群导致的股骨整体形变为6.6956 mm,半腱肌转位为6.314 mm,半腱肌缺失为4.6261 mm。结论:半腱肌转位较半腱肌切取更好的保持了髋关节的内旋与伸展运动功能,而半腱肌切取对髋关节运动有显著影响,可能会带来相关的运动损伤风险。  相似文献   

8.
目的:应用三维有限元技术评估发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患儿在Dega骨盆截骨术后不同中心边缘角(center-edge angle,CEA)状态下髋臼的应力分布,为术前的手术规划提供有参考价值的生物力学结果。方法:使用已建立的DDH患者髋关节三维有限元模型,以术后CEA27°为中间值,每3°为一个变量,在Mimics誖10.0软件的模拟手术模块分别构建7组髋臼截骨术后的模型。在单腿站立和双腿站立状态下测量不同CEA状态下髋臼的应力分布。结果:单腿站立情况下,CEA为24°、27°、30°和33°的术后模型患侧髋臼的峰值应力接近正常侧。双腿站立情况下,CEA为24°时双侧髋臼的峰值应力最为接近。结论:对于该患者而言,在7组术后CEA中,24°时患侧髋臼的峰值应力与健侧最为接近,可以认为是最佳的术后CEA。有限元技术能够为Dega手术的术前规划提供个性化的指导方案。  相似文献   

9.
目的:对股骨骨折髓内钉术后1 年骨愈合模型快速建模,通过有限元分析研究对比术前术后模型,通过术前判定内固定取出后骨折断端是否断裂。方法:运用Mimics、Geomagic Studio、Abaqus等软件采用快速个体化建模方法对股骨骨折髓内钉术后1年内固定取出术前后的多层螺旋CT 数据进行快速建立模型,术前模型模拟剥除钢板后进行有限元分析,施加人体单腿站立时的静力载荷和约束,并将分析结果与术后模型进行对比,观察米塞斯应力分布情况、最大值及其所处部位。结果:按照材料属性进行区别显示米赛斯应力的最大值及最小值,在不同应力载荷下,手术前后各类型材料的米赛斯应力最大值及最小值部位相同,各类型材料中,最大值均没有位于骨折断端,不同方法的最大应力值部位相近,均在股骨中远端1/4 交界处,手术前后应力分布基本相同。结论:采用个体化建模方法可以对骨折内固定取出前的骨愈合模型进行运算分析,快速预判术后是否导致骨折断端断裂。  相似文献   

10.
目的:对股骨骨折髓内钉术后1年骨愈合模型快速建模,通过有限元分析研究对比术前术后模型,通过术前判定内固定取出后骨折断端是否断裂。方法:运用Mimics、Geomagic Studio、Abaqus等软件采用快速个体化建模方法对股骨骨折髓内钉术后1年内固定取出术前后的多层螺旋CT数据进行快速建立模型,术前模型模拟剥除钢板后进行有限元分析,施加人体单腿站立时的静力载荷和约束,并将分析结果与术后模型进行对比,观察米塞斯应力分布情况、最大值及其所处部位。结果:按照材料属性进行区别显示米赛斯应力的最大值及最小值,在不同应力载荷下,手术前后各类型材料的米赛斯应力最大值及最小值部位相同,各类型材料中,最大值均没有位于骨折断端,不同方法的最大应力值部位相近,均在股骨中远端1/4交界处,手术前后应力分布基本相同。结论:采用个体化建模方法可以对骨折内固定取出前的骨愈合模型进行运算分析,快速预判术后是否导致骨折断端断裂。  相似文献   

11.
A pelvic endoprosthesis is the primary means of pelvic reconstruction after internal hemipelvectomy. In this study, a novel biomimetic hemipelvic prosthesis, including an artificial ilium, an artificial acetabulum, and an artificial pubis, was developed. A Finite Element Method (FEM) was carried out to investigate the biomechanical performance of a pelvis reconstructed with biomimetic hemipelvic prosthesis. Two models, including the reconstructed pelvis and the original pelvis (control model), were established according to the geometry from CT data of a human male patient with pelvic bone sarcomas. The FE models predict that the biomeehanical function of the pelvic ring can be reestablished using this prosthesis. Results show that the body force loaded on the S 1 vertebra is restored and transferred towards the sacro-iliac joint, and along the ilium onto the bearing surface of the artificial ilium, then to the artificial acetabulum and pubis. Von Mises stresses observed in this reconstructed pelvis model are still within a low and elastic range below the yielding strength of cortical bone and Ti6A14V. The values of deformation and strain of the reconstructed pelvis are close to the data obtained in the original pelvis. With the partial replacement of the pubis, little influence is found towards the pubis symphysis. However, the interface between the prosthesis and pelvic bone may become the critical part of the reconstructed pelvis due to the discontinuity in the material properties, which results in stress shielding and deformation constraining. So a biomimetic flexible connection or inter layer to release the deformation of pelvis is suggested in future designing.  相似文献   

12.
目的研发了髋关节假体脱位分析软件。软件基于ADAMS/VIEW软件进行二次开发,能够可视化的构建三维参数化的髋关节假体模型,模型能够模拟假体的六种运动。应用此软件可以为病人更好的选择和植入假体,评估各种髋关节假体的安全活动范围,用来设计新的关节假体。  相似文献   

13.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCP) is one of the most poorly understood diseases in paediatric orthopaedics. One common trait of LCP is the marked morphological difference between healthy and pathological hips, early deviations of which (i.e. prior to disease onset) have been suggested to lead to the overload and collapse of the epiphysis. Here, the impact of common variations in geometry is investigated with a finite element model of a juvenile femur under single leg standing and landing. Here, the impact of typical variations in geometry is investigated with a finite element model of a juvenile femur under single leg standing and landing. The variations appear to have only a limited effect on the stress distribution in the femoral epiphysis even during high impact activities. This suggests that, for this individual at least, they would be unlikely to cause epiphyseal overload and collapse, even in the presence of a skeletally immature epiphysis.  相似文献   

14.
    
Primary objective: The hip joint suffers from a high prevalence of degenerative conditions. Athough patient's well-being could be improved through early and more effective interventions, without a greater understanding of the mechanics of the hip, these developments cannot be attained. Thus, this review article summarises the current literature on this subject in order to provide a platform for future developments. To illustrate the influence computational simulations have had on the knowledge advancement in hip mechanics, we explored two methodological approaches: finite element (FE) analysis and multibody dynamics (MBD). Main outcomes and results: Notwithstanding the unique capabilities of FE and MBD, the former generally offers the micromechanics of the articulating surfaces whereas the latter the macromechanics of the skeleton, these two methodologies also provide the bulk of the literature regarding computational modelling of the musculoskeletal system. Although FE has provided significant knowledge on contact pressures and the effects of musculoskeletal geometries, in particular cartilage and bone shapes, MBD has afforded a wealth of understanding on the influence of gait patterns and muscle attachment locations on force magnitudes. Conclusions: These two computational techniques have, and will continue to, provide significant contributions towards the development of interventions. It is hoped that this article will help focus ongoing technological developments by highlighting areas of success, but also areas of under development.  相似文献   

15.
    
A new strategy of multi-objective structural optimization is integrated into Austin-Moore prosthesis in order to improve its performance. The new resulting model is so-called Improved Austin-Moore. The topology optimization is considered as a conceptual design stage to sketch several kinds of hollow stems according to the daily loading cases. The shape optimization presents the detailed design stage considering several objectives. Here, A new multiplicative formulation is proposed as a performance scale in order to define the best compromise between several requirements. Numerical applications on 2D and 3D problems are carried out to show the advantages of the proposed model.  相似文献   

16.
    
All early (Pliocene–Early Pleistocene) hominins exhibit some differences in proximal femoral morphology from modern humans, including a long femoral neck and a low neck‐shaft angle. In addition, australopiths (Au. afarensis, Au. africanus, Au. boisei, Paranthropus boisei), but not early Homo, have an “anteroposteriorly compressed” femoral neck and a small femoral head relative to femoral shaft breadth. Superoinferior asymmetry of cortical bone in the femoral neck has been claimed to be human‐like in australopiths. In this study, we measured superior and inferior cortical thicknesses at the middle and base of the femoral neck using computed tomography in six Au. africanus and two P. robustus specimens. Cortical asymmetry in the fossils is closer overall to that of modern humans than to apes, although many values are intermediate between humans and apes, or even more ape‐like in the midneck. Comparisons of external femoral neck and head dimensions were carried out for a more comprehensive sample of South and East African australopiths (n = 17) and two early Homo specimens. These show that compared with modern humans, femoral neck superoinferior, but not anteroposterior breadth, is larger relative to femoral head breadth in australopiths, but not in early Homo. Both internal and external characteristics of the australopith femoral neck indicate adaptation to relatively increased superoinferior bending loads, compared with both modern humans and early Homo. These observations, and a relatively small femoral head, are consistent with a slightly altered gait pattern in australopiths, involving more lateral deviation of the body center of mass over the stance limb. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

17.
Over time, leg prostheses have improved in design, but have been incapable of actively adapting to different walking velocities in a manner comparable to a biological limb. People with a leg amputation using such commercially available passive-elastic prostheses require significantly more metabolic energy to walk at the same velocities, prefer to walk slower and have abnormal biomechanics compared with non-amputees. A bionic prosthesis has been developed that emulates the function of a biological ankle during level-ground walking, specifically providing the net positive work required for a range of walking velocities. We compared metabolic energy costs, preferred velocities and biomechanical patterns of seven people with a unilateral transtibial amputation using the bionic prosthesis and using their own passive-elastic prosthesis to those of seven non-amputees during level-ground walking. Compared with using a passive-elastic prosthesis, using the bionic prosthesis decreased metabolic cost by 8 per cent, increased trailing prosthetic leg mechanical work by 57 per cent and decreased the leading biological leg mechanical work by 10 per cent, on average, across walking velocities of 0.75-1.75 m s(-1) and increased preferred walking velocity by 23 per cent. Using the bionic prosthesis resulted in metabolic energy costs, preferred walking velocities and biomechanical patterns that were not significantly different from people without an amputation.  相似文献   

18.
    
An appropriate method of application of the hip-joint force and stress analysis of the pelvic bone, in particular the acetabulum, is necessary to investigate the changes in load transfer due to implantation and to calculate the reference stimulus for bone remodelling simulations. The purpose of the study is to develop a realistic 3D finite element (FE) model of the hemi-pelvis and to assess stress and strain distribution during a gait cycle. The FE modelling approach of the pelvic bone was based on CT scan data and image segmentation of cortical and cancellous bone boundaries. Application of hip-joint force through an anatomical femoral head having a cartilage layer was found to be more appropriate than a perfectly spherical head, thereby leading to more accurate stress–strain distribution in the acetabulum. Within the acetabulum, equivalent strains varied between 0.1% and 0.7% strain in the cancellous bone. High compressive (15–30 MPa) and low tensile (0–5 MPa) stresses were generated within the acetabulum. The hip-joint force is predominantly transferred from the acetabulum through the lateral cortex to the sacroiliac joint and the pubic symphysis. The study is useful to understand the load transfer within the acetabulum and for further investigations on acetabular prosthesis.  相似文献   

19.
目的:探讨骨保留型股骨短柄假体行全髋关节置换手术的近期疗效及临床体会。方法:自2013年1月~2015年3月,首次接受人工全髋关节置换术共30例患者(38髋),年龄38~70岁,均采用后外侧入路。通过比较术前、术后髋关节Harris评分、骨性关节炎指数可视化量表(WOMAC),评价手术疗效。结果:术后所有患者均获得随访,最少6月,最长33月,平均19.5月。术后髋关节疼痛均明显好转,随访期内无严重并发症发生。髋关节Harris评分:术前45.3±4.3,术后末次随访94.1±5.4。术后末次随访Harris评分较术前改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3~4个月所有患者可以全负重行走。1例术中股骨近端骨折,术后愈合良好,未留后遗症。所有病例未发现假体松动或感染。结论:骨保留型股骨短柄假体行全髋关节置换手术近期临床效果满意,无严重并发症。新型短柄假体设计符合人体解剖特征,骨量保留多,术后疗效好,为髋关节置换提供了一种新的选择。  相似文献   

20.
目的:探讨大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体对髋关节置换患者术后假体磨损,稳定性和髋关节功能的影响。方法:选取我院2010年1月-2014年1月间采用大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体行关全髋置换的股骨头坏死患者46例作为研究组。另选40例采用标准金属-聚乙烯假体手术患者作为对照组。观察并比较两组患者假体磨损情况、髋关节稳定性和功能评分。结果:研究组患者术后无一例脱位,发生假体松动1例,Harris评分为(82.04±1.92)分;对照组术后发生假体脱位4例,松动4例,Harris评分为(81.37±1.27)分;研究组假体稳定性和磨损程度优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组髋关节功能评分无显著差异(P0.05)。发生假体松动的患者术后血沉、IL-1和IL-6浓度均高于正常值,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与标准假体相比,大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体稳定性好,磨损率低,是全髋置换手术的良好假体。  相似文献   

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