细叶小檗果色素成分研究

细叶小檗(Berberis poiretii schneid)之红色浆果,经压榨得鲜果汁。采用醋酸铅沉淀,正丁醇提取的纯化方法,得到纯化色素。此色素在三种溶剂系统中纸层析,均显示两条不同红色谱带。酸水解后,甙元部分与标准品对照,在三种溶剂系统中进行纸层析,证明含有下面两个花青甙元:(1)天竺葵甙元(pelargonidin)、(2)矢车菊甙元(cyanidin)。纸层析制备后,在0.1％盐酸-乙醇中测定两个花青甙元的吸收光谱,最大吸收峰分别在532mm和547mm。配糖的测定用甲酸水解,与标准糖对照纸层析和薄层层析,证明配糖为葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖。色素经纸层析制备成两条谱带后,分别用高效薄层法直接水解,与标准糖对照层析,证明色素1配糖为葡萄糖,色素2配糖为葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖。     

满江红和蕨状满江红的耐热性及耐寒性与固氮的关系

红萍是一种优良的稻田绿肥和农家饲料,在我国及越南养殖和利用红萍有着悠久的历史。生产实践中观察到,在我国南方地区,蕨状满江红冬春繁殖快,产量高,但进入五月中旬以后生长锐减,不耐热,在晚稻田难以利用。施定基等啪曾观察到,在室外水池中养殖,如果覆盖一层塑料薄膜和一层厚草帘,蕨状满江红能越冬,但满江红则被冻死。利卓燊等把蕨状满江红和满江红放在-5℃下处理96小时,满江红的芽全部死亡,而蕨状满江红的芽能存活96.8％。由此可见,蕨状满江红的耐热性较满江红低,但有较强耐寒性。有关这两种红萍耐热性、耐寒性与固氮、放氢的关系及抗性机理的报道尚少。本文比较了满江红和     

鱼腥藻与满江红大孢子果长成幼孢子体的共生关系的形态学观察

满江红属成熟的孢子体的同化叶中有鱼腥藻共生,其大孢子果内和幼孢子体的叶内也有鱼腥藻,这亦为学者所注意。但鱼腥藻什么时候进入幼孢子体?幼孢子体的那一片叶开始有鱼腥藻进入?鱼腥藻什么时候从休眠状态转变为活动状态,并进行分裂而成藻丝体?这些问题在国内报道尚不多。本工作是通过满江红属的大孢子发育到形成幼孢子体各阶段制片,对它们各时期鱼腥藻的分布和变化作了较系统的观察,并就上述问题从     

满江红属系统学研究的新进展

本文从植物系统学角度对满江红属的研究进展作了全面综述,近年来从细胞水平提出了将满江红属重新划分为Azolla和Tetrasporocarpia2个亚属,经典的三膘（Azolla）和九膘（Rhizosperma)亚属作为新的Shbgen,Azolla中的2个组（Section）,而原有九膘亚属中的A.nilotica则为Subgen,Tetrasporocarpia的一个种,遗传育种和同工酶的研究证据对A.mexicana,A.microphylla和A.caroliniana能否在Sect.A-zolla中占据3个种的分类地位提出疑问,但要完全解决满江红属的系统学问题,分子生物学技术是重要手段,由于满江红为蕨－藻共生体,其样本的异质性影响了现有分子标记研究结果的可靠性。     

满江红鱼腥藻遗传多样性的RAPD分析

共生在水生蕨类植物满江红(又称“红萍”:Azolla)叶腔中的固氮兰细菌曾被认为是一个种满江红鱼腥藻(Anabaena azollae Strasb.).但由于现存的满江红在分类学上有2个亚属,7个种1,对不同满江红叶腔中鱼腥藻的鉴别,多年来引起人们的重视.80年代,鱼腥藻的单克隆抗体和RFLP的研究,发现了它与宿主分类上一定程度的对应关系2,3.90年代以后,Van Coppenolle和Eskew分别以RAPD-PCR和DAF-PCR对从满江红共生体中提取的DNA进行了分析4,5,但后者发现了共生体中藻的DNA对整个PCR产物的干扰作用会影响满江红属本身系统分类.       

Differential response ofAzolla microphylla kaulf. andAzolla filiculoides Lam. to sodium fluoride

We assessed the differential response ofAzolla microphylla andAzolla filiculoides to fluoride stress by growing them in culture media containing 1 to 50 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF).A microphylla had a higher total chlorophyll content thanA. filiculoides. Both species showed gradual decreases in protein content as the concentration of NaF increased.A. microphylla accumulated less proline thanA. filiculoides when more NaF was added to the culture medium. For all concentrations tested, the amount of residual fluoride in the nutrient media that supportedA. microphylla was higher than in the nutrient media used for growingA. filiculoides.     

Differential responses ofAzolla microphylla Kaulf andAzolla filiculoides Lam. to lead nitrate

The aquatic fernAzolla is used as a green manure for rice production systems in warm temperate and tropical regions throughout the world. We used lead nitrate in nutrient media to assess the tolerance/response of twoAzolla microphylla andAzolla filiculoides to heavy metals. While both species showed negative responses in growth with an increase in lead concentrations, They were distinctly different in their tolerance for higher concentration of the heavy metal. This was apparent in their growth and biochemical characteristics. Amicrophylla was more tolerant of the higher concentrations of lead nitrate (25 and 50 ppm), whereasA. filiculoides had a higher rate of lead uptake.     

POTENTIAL OF THE AQUATIC FERN AZOLLA FILICULOIDES IN BIODEGRADATION OF AN AZO DYE: MODELING OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

The potential of an aquatic fern, Azolla filiculoides, in phytoremediation of a mono azo dye solution, C.I. Acid Blue 92 (AB92), was studied. The effects of operational parameters such as reaction time, initial dye concentration, fern fresh weight, pH, temperature and reusability of the fern on biodegradation efficiency were investigated. The intermediate compounds produced by biodegradation process were analyzed using GC–MS analysis. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the biodegradation efficiency. The findings indicated that ANN provides reasonable predictive performance (R² = 0.961). The effects of AB92 solutions (10 and 20 mg L^?1) on growth, chlorophylls and carotenoids content, activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase and formation of malondialdehyde were analyzed. AB92 generally showed inhibitory effects on the growth. Moreover, photosynthetic pigments in the fronds significantly decreased in the treatments. An increase was detected for lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activity, suggesting that AB92 caused reactive oxygen species production in Azolla fronds, which were scavenged by induced activities of antioxidant enzymes.     

Growth and survival of Azolla filiculoides in Britain I. Vegetative production

Azolla filiculoides Lam. causes serious weed problems in Britain, but its long-term survival might be limited by winter death. The aim of this study was to establish the low temperature responses and limitations of A. filiculoides sporophytes.
In the laboratory, normal vegetative growth was shown to continue at 5°C. Reddening of plants was a response to low temperature and high light conditions which could be prevented by shading. Adult plants died after short (18 h) exposure to −4°C but survived sub-zero temperatures >−4°C. Evidence was found of seasonal changes in chill tolerance, but not in freeze tolerance.
In outdoor culture, plants survived encasement in ice and air temperatures to −5°C. Additional evidence suggested that natural populations can readily survive air temperatures much lower than this. Microclimatic effects are likely to be responsible for this discrepancy between laboratory and outdoor culture results.
Three phenotyes were identified; survival, colonizing and mat forms.     

新疆引种蕨状满江红的生态适应性及生物学功能初探

结合新疆的环境特点,对蕨状满江红（Azolla filiculoides Lam.）进行了一系列引种适应性试验和生物学功能测定。结果表明：蕨状满江红在新疆有很强的适应性,在5-40℃均能生长,其生长最适温度为℃,且耐低温;在2-8g/L的盐溶液及pH4-10范围内也能生长,并且可降低水体的矿化度及pH值;具有净化养殖水体和很强的富钾能力,植株钾含量最高可达干重的9.66％;水利用率高,并能有效减少养殖水体表面的蒸发,有保水作用。在新疆的河、湖和水库适量养殖蕨状满江红,可实现其生态与经济价值。     

Production potential of aquatic plants in systems mixing floating and submerged macrophytes

1. To investigate whether the areal production of aquatic plant systems can be increased by growing floating and submerged plants together, the floating fern Azolla filiculoides was grown at six densities and two nutrient availabilities in the presence and absence of the submerged macrophyte Elodea canadensis .
2. High nutrient availability did not affect the total areal biomass production, but raised the internal N concentration of Azolla and Elodea by 34% and 152%, respectively, and the internal P concentration by 50% and 378%.
3. High Azolla density reduced Elodea production, whereas Elodea did not affect the production of Azolla . A maximal total production of 4.0 g DW m⁻² day⁻¹ was obtained at an Azolla density at and above full surface cover, when Elodea contribute with less than 10% to the total. This contribution did not raise the combined production of Azolla and Elodea significantly above the production of Azolla grown alone. Thus, maximum production was not enhanced by growing floating and submerged macrophytes together.     

北方农家屋顶养绿萍技术及生态经济效益

北方农家屋顶养绿萍技术及生态经济效益安淑苹（中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所,０５００２１）ＴｈｅＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌＢｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｏｆＣｕｌｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇＡｚｏｌａｆｉｌｉｃｕｌｏｉｄｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＲｏｏｆｔｏｐｉｎｔ...     

Growth and survival of Azolla filiculoides in Britain. II. Sexual reproduction

Sporulation in the floating fern Azolla filiculoides Lam. is both frequent and widespread in Britain and might therefore play a greater part in the population dynamics of the species than has been suggested by earlier reports. In laboratory experiments, increasing plant density and/or phosphorus supply resulted in increased sporulation. It was estimated that a thick mat of 8 kg m² fresh biomass can produce 380000 microsporocarps and 85000 megasporocarps per m².
Light and temperatures >10°C were necessary for sporocarp germination. Sporocarps could survive exposure to both low temperatures (5°C for at least 3 months) and sub-zero temperatures (−10°C for at least 18 d). Sporocarps were found to survive storage in water for 3 yr and to germinate from mud samples collected in the field. In laboratory culture, sporeling growth and survival were optimal at 15°C.
There is some evidence that A. filiculoides might have adapted to the British climate since its introduction.