双组分改性蒙脱土对亚甲基蓝吸附研究

蒙脱土在处理有机污染废水中有着广泛的用途,为了进一步提高蒙脱土的吸附脱色性能,制备了偏钒酸铵/TiO_2/蒙脱土复合催化剂,并对亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色性能进行了研究。结果表明催化剂的投入量、吸附时间、煅烧时间对亚甲基蓝的脱色效果都有很大影响,在最佳条件下,亚甲基蓝的脱色率高达98%。     

TiO_2/蒙脱土复合催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色研究

为了提高蒙脱土的吸附脱色性能,制备了TiO_2/蒙脱土复合催化剂。并对亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色性能进行了研究。结果表明催化剂的投入量、吸附时间、煅烧时间对脱色效果有很大影响,在最佳条件下,亚甲基蓝的脱色率高达98.6%。     

缺氧时培养的心内膜内皮细胞内皮素自分泌调节的探讨

本实验观察缺氧对心内膜内皮细胞（ＥＥＣ）内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）分泌的影响。传代培养的新生小牛右心室ＥＥＣ的ＥＴ－１免疫组织化学显色强阳性。采用放免测定发现ＥＥＣ可向培养液中分泌ＥＴ－１,其分泌速度与细胞密度呈线性负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５４２,Ｐ＜０．００１）,与温育时间呈指数负相关（ｒ＝－０．９９８,Ｐ＜０．００１）。０％Ｏ２缺氧６～１２ｈ后,ＥＥＣ的ＥＴ－１分泌约增加１倍（Ｐ＜０．００１）。无论在常氧还是缺氧情况下,硝普钠抑制ＥＥＣ的ＥＴ－１分泌,而ＮＯ合酶抑制剂ＬＮＡ则促进ＥＴ－１分泌。上述结果表明：ＥＥＣ可能通过分泌ＥＴ－１调节心脏功能,内源性ＮＯ抑制ＥＴ－１分泌;缺氧可能显著影响ＥＥＣ的ＥＴ－１分泌     

β-FeOOH改性蒙脱土对模拟酸性矿山废水中铜离子的吸附

用β-羟基氧化铁对蒙脱土进行改性制备β-羟基氧化铁改性蒙脱土(β-FeOOHMt)。用氮吸附程序升温脱附对β-FeOOH-Mt的结构进行了表征,并研究了β-FeOOH-Mt(3.5)对模拟酸性矿山废水中铜离子的吸附。结果发现:蒙脱土经改性后比表面积增加、孔容增大;β-FeOOH-Mt(3.5)对废水中Cu~(2+)有很强的吸附能力。在初始浓度为5～25 mg·L~(-1)范围内,β-FeOOH-Mt(3.5)用量为2～9 g·L~(-1),吸附20 min后Cu~(2+)的浓度均低于0.5 mg·L~(-1)。Langmuir等温方程能更好地描述吸附过程,吸附过程符合单分子吸附模型;动力学研究表明,吸附遵循拟二级吸附动力学方程,相关性很好。     

孤生受体的相互作用对视黄酸应答元件的影响

孤生受体ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ和ｎｕｒ７７的功能及其作用机理仍未阐明．以ＤＮＡ瞬时转染和测定氯霉素乙酰转移酶（ＣＡＴ）活性,以及凝胶阻抑测定,分析ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ和ｎｕｒ７７的相互作用对视黄酸应答元件（ＲＡＲＥｓ）的影响．实验表明,ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ通过降低ＲＡＲＥｓ的基础活性,来增强ＲＡＲＥ对视黄酸（ＲＡ）的敏感性,而ｎｕｒ７７则拮抗ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ的作用．ｎｕｒ７７能够加强不同ＲＡＲＥｓ的转录活性,并且与ＲＡ的诱导无关．结果证实,ｎｕｒ７７通过与ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ的直接作用而对ＲＡＲＥｓ产生影响,从而抑制ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ与ＲＡＲＥｓ结合和ＣＯＵＰ－ＴＦ的转录活性     

在离体条件下拐芹（Angelica polymorpha）形成胚性愈伤组织和非…

以拐芹（Ａｎｇｅｌｉｃａ ｐｌｏｙｍｏｒｐｈａ）的叶柄为外植体,在附加２,４－Ｄ（１ｍｇ／Ｌ）＋ＫＴ（０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）ＭＳ培养基上诱导脱分化,４０天内可形成愈伤组织。在相同的培养基上经过继代培养,可在２０天内形成胚性愈伤组织（Ｅｍｂｒｙｏｇｅｎｉｃ Ｃａｌｌｕｓ,ＥＣ）和非胚性愈伤组织（Ｎｏｎ－Ｅｍｂｒｙ－ｏｇｅｎｉｃ Ｃａｌｌｕｓ,ＮＥＣ）。将不同天数的培养物作为样品,提取其内源激素;气液相色谱     

膜去极化与cAMP在胰岛细胞株HIT中诱导CBP片段的转录活性

为了研究 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ在胰岛 Ｈ Ｉ Ｔ 细胞中调节基因转录的机制,将不同的 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ片段瞬时转染到细胞中,观察其转录活性．实验表明,在胰岛 Ｈ Ｉ Ｔ 细胞中,膜去极化及 ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 均可诱导 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ３０（ Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ结合功能区）转录活性增强,并有协同效应． Ｐ Ｋ Ｃ对 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ３０ 的转录活性无影响;与 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ有更强结合力的 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ Ｋ Ｉ Ｘ Ｓ／ Ｂ（氨基酸序列短于 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ３０ 的 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ结合功能区）其基本转录活性及膜去极化、ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ诱导下的转录活性均比 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ３０ 更强．反义 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ 的过度表达可降低 ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ诱导的 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ的转录活性．提示在胰岛 Ｈ Ｉ Ｔ 细胞中,膜去极化及 ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ对共转录因子 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ转录活性的调节作用通过 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ介导．     

内皮素－1对缺氧肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖作用

内皮素（ＥＴ）是至今所发现的最强的内源性血管收缩肽,近年来发现ＥＴ－１能促进血管平滑肌细胞增殖。本研究表明ＥＴ－１对缺氧培养的肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）有剂量依赖的增殖作用,缺氧可促进ＰＡＳＭＣ的ＤＮＡ合成且增加ＥＴ－１的丝裂原作用。ＥＴ－１的丝裂原作用主要由其Ａ型受体（ＥＴＲ＿Ａ）所介导,ＥＴＲ＿Ａ的特异拮抗剂ＢＱ１２３可显著抑制缺氧以及缺氧与ＥＴ－１协同所产生的增殖作用,而且发现ＥＴＲ＿Ａ在缺氧培养的ＰＡＳＭＣ中的表达显著高于常氧对照组ＰＡＳＭＣ。本研究表明ＥＴ－１参与了缺氧性肺动脉结构重组,而缺氧可增强ＰＡＳＭＣ对ＥＴ－１的增殖反应性。     

孤儿受体TR3与人CNTF受体基因中顺式元件作用机制的研究

应用两对人工合成的寡核苷酸引物,分别通过ＰＣＲ扩增,得到了ＣＮＴＦＲα－Ｉ５ＮＢＲＥ序列两侧的两个扩增片段,将其和在ＥｃｏＲⅤ位点切开的ｐＴ７ｂｌｕｅ一起定向连接,得到了插入在ｐＴ７ｂｌｕｅ的ＥｃｏＲⅤ位点的缺失了ＮＢＲＥ序列的ＣＮＴＦＲα－Ｉ５,然后再将其切下,插入到具有ＳＶ４０起动子的ＣＡＴ基因表达载体的ＢｇｌⅡ位点,构建了ＣＡＴ报道基因．细胞转染和ＣＡＴ实验表明,缺失ＮＢＲＥ后,ＣＮＴＦＲα－Ｉ５仍具有增强子功能,ＴＲ３通过该增强子对ＣＮＴＦＲα的表达具有诱导作用,说明这种诱导作用并不是单一通过ＮＢＲＥ序列进行的．     

内皮素-1对培养新生大鼠心肌细胞原癌基因c-fos表达的诱导

本实验用无血清的培养新生大鼠心肌细胞,探讨内皮素１（ＥＴ１）对原癌基因ｃｆｏｓ表达的作用。结果显示：ＥＴ１可显著诱导ｃｆｏｓ的表达,其表达的高峰在３０ｍｉｎ,２ｈ恢复到正常水平,并呈剂量依赖性反应和被ＥＴＡ的特异性受体拮抗剂ＢＱ１２３所阻断;蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）激动剂ＰＭＡ可诱导ｃｆｏｓ表达,而ＰＫＣ抑制剂Ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ则可阻断ＥＴ１诱导的ｃｆｏｓ表达;钙通道阻断剂硝苯吡啶预处理心肌细胞对ＥＴ１诱导的心肌细胞的ｃｆｏｓ表达无明显的作用。这些结果提示,ＥＴ１诱导ｃｆｏｓ表达是通过ＥＴＡ受体介导的,ＰＫＣ在此过程中起重要作用。     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Land,livestock, and livelihoods: Changing dynamics of gender,caste, and ethnicity in a Nepalese Village

Over the past 10 years, Ghusel VDC, Lalitpur District has moved from primarily subsistence agriculture into the wider cash economy aided by the Small Farmers' Development Program (SFDP), which provides credit to farmers mainly for the purchase of buffalo for milk production, and by the National Dairy Corporation, which supports local dairy cooperatives. Analysis reveals that buffalo-keeping and milk sales are increasing the well-being of many households, while at the same time creating new inequalities in gender roles and responsibilities, greater inequities between Brahmin and Tamang residents in Ghusel, and placing pressures on the ecosystem for increased supplies of fodder and fuelwood. Evidence suggests that there is critical, need for attention to the social, and particularly gender-based, implications of maintaining livestock for milk sales and to the ecological underpinnings of this livelihood system.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Chiral Separation of G‐type Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents via Analytical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) are extremely toxic organophosphorus compounds that contain a chiral phosphorus center. Undirected synthesis of G‐type CWNAs produces stereoisomers of tabun, sarin, soman, and cyclosarin (GA, GB, GD, and GF, respectively). Analytical‐scale methods were developed using a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) system in tandem with a mass spectrometer for the separation, quantitation, and isolation of individual stereoisomers of GA, GB, GD, and GF. Screening various chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the capacity to provide full baseline separation of the CWNAs revealed that a Regis WhelkO1 (SS) column was capable of separating the enantiomers of GA, GB, and GF, with elution of the P(+) enantiomer preceding elution of the corresponding P(–) enantiomer; two WhelkO1 (SS) columns had to be connected in series to achieve complete baseline resolution. The four diastereomers of GD were also resolved using two tandem WhelkO1 (SS) columns, with complete baseline separation of the two P(+) epimers. A single WhelkO1 (RR) column with inverse stereochemistry resulted in baseline separation of the GD P(–) epimers. The analytical methods described can be scaled to allow isolation of individual stereoisomers to assist in screening and development of countermeasures to organophosphorus nerve agents. Chirality 26:817–824, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Chirality published by John Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.     

Gamma-glutamylcysteine protects ergothioneine-deficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants against oxidative and nitrosative stress

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), cannot synthesize GSH, but synthesizes two major low molecular weight thiols namely mycothiol (MSH) and ergothioneine (ERG). Gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), an intermediate in GSH synthesis, has been implicated in the protection of lactic acid bacteria from oxidative stress in the absence of GSH. In mycobacteria, GGC is an intermediate in ERG biosynthesis, and its formation is catalysed by EgtA (GshA). GGC is subsequently used by EgtB in the formation of hercynine-sulphoxide-GGC. In this study, M.tb. mutants harbouring unmarked, in-frame deletions in each of the fives genes involved in ERG biosynthesis (egtA, egtB, egtC, egtD and egtE) or a marked deletion of the mshA gene (required for MSH biosynthesis) were generated. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses (LC-MS) revealed that the production of GGC was elevated in the MSH-deficient and the ERG-deficient mutants. The ERG-deficient ΔegtB mutant which accumulated GGC was more resistant to oxidative and nitrosative stress than the ERG-deficient, GGC-deficient ΔegtA mutant. This implicates GGC in the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in M.tb.     

八种脑-肠肽侧脑室内注射对大鼠基础胃酸分泌的影响

用乌拉坦麻醉大鼠作急性实验,采用连续灌流胃并收集流出液的方法,观察向侧脑室内注射微量脑-肠肽对大鼠基础胃酸分泌的影响。实验结果如下:(1)雨蛙肽、八肽胆囊收缩素、促甲状腺素释放激素及四肽胃泌素均使总酸排出量增加;(2)生长抑素、胰多肽、P 物质、胰高血糖素则使总酸排出量减少;(3)上述肽类用侧脑室注射的剂量作肌肉注射,除四肽胃泌素也产生明显的刺激胃酸分泌作用外,对胃酸分泌均无明显影响。以上结果提示,脑内的一些肽类可能以神经递质或调制物的方式,参与中枢对胃酸分泌的调节。     

A chromium-tolerant plant growing in Cr-contaminated land

In this paper, a kind of Typhaceae plant species, Typha angustifolia L, with a high tolerance to Cr is described. Experiments were carried out to examine its ability to tolerant Cr and its physiological response. The results showed that there was no difference in growth, plant height, and biomass response to external Cr (VI) between the plants exposed to 100 microM Cr (VI) and control (0 microM), while increasing Cr levels to 200-800 microM induced a significant decrease in plant height and biomass, but no significant injury was detected, even for the plants exposed to 800 microM Cr. Chromium induced significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities. Meanwhile, a significantly positive correlation was found between Cr and Mn or Cu in leaves and roots, respectively. The Cr tolerance of the plant appeared to be associated with the enhancement of SOD and POD activities and the improvement in uptake and translocation of the essential microelements.