Effects of tree clumps on soil characteristics in a humid savanna of West Africa (Lamto,Côte d'Ivoire)

The effect of tree clumps on soil characteristics was investigated in a humid savanna (Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire). Soil texture and field capacity were not significantly different under tree clumps compared to open grassland. On the other hand, bulk density was lower under tree clumps, likely due to a greater soil fauna activity under the trees. The pH, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, total carbon and total nitrogen contents were higher under tree clumps due to greater organic matter input beneath canopies. Potential soil respiration and mineral nitrogen accumulation were also enhanced, indicating a higher potential microbial activity under tree clumps. Soil water content was slightly lower beneath canopies (from July to November only between 0 and 10 cm depth) when soil moisture was above field capacity. During the other months, no significant difference was measured.     

Contribution of paddock trees to the conservation of terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity within grazed native pastures

Abstract: Paddock trees are a common feature in the agricultural landscapes of Australia. Recent studies have demonstrated the value of scattered paddock trees for soil fertility, native pasture plants and arboreal faunas; however, the degree to which scattered paddock trees contribute to the conservation of terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity within grazed landscapes remains unknown. We ask three questions: (i) Is there a difference between the terrestrial invertebrate assemblages found under paddock trees compared with surrounding grazed native pastures? (ii) Can gradients in soil and litter variables from the base of trees explain patterns in invertebrate assemblages? and (iii) Does the presence of scattered paddock trees have implications for the conservation of terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity within grazed native pastures? We used pitfall trapping and extraction from soil cores to sample the invertebrate assemblages under six New England Peppermint trees (Eucalyptus nova‐anglica Deane and Maiden) and compared them with assemblages sampled from the open paddock. Formicidae and Collembola univariate and multivariate data were analysed along with a range of soil and litter variables. We found (i) significant differences in the assemblages of invertebrates under trees compared with surrounding grazed pastures; (ii) that most soil and litter variables revealed gradients away from tree bases and these variables explained significant variation in invertebrate assemblages; and (iii) more native invertebrates and more species of invertebrates were found under trees compared with the surrounding pastures. We discuss the relationships between paddock trees, the ground and soil environments and the invertebrate communities that inhabit these environments, and conclude with a discussion of the future for paddock trees and the biota supported by them.     

Scattered trees as modifiers of agricultural landscapes: the role of waddeessa (Cordia africana Lam.) trees in Bako area, Oromia, Ethiopia

Scattered trees in general and scattered waddeessa (Cordia africana Lam.) trees in particular are very common across the agricultural landscapes in Oromia, Ethiopia. A study on this scattered waddeessa trees commonly growing on farmers' agricultural fields was conducted at Bako in western Oromia, Ethiopia with the objective of assessing their role in modifying the soil properties in the agricultural landscape. Soil samples from surface layers (0–10 cm) were taken at three concentric transects (0.5, 2 and 4 m) around the tree and compared with soil samples from the adjacent open areas (15 m distance from the tree), and then analysed following the standard procedures. Results showed that scattered waddeessa trees significantly modified the overall properties of the soil in the agricultural landscape of Bako area. But soil texture was not affected, indicating that it is more related to parent material than the tree influence. Hence, the soil patches observed under these waddeessa trees can be important local nutrient reserves that may influence the rural agricultural landscape. They also play an important role in generating local household income from the sale of products and conserving biodiversity by providing habitats and resources that are otherwise absent or scarce in agricultural landscape.     

Soil Characteristics and Vegetation Structure in a Heavily Deteriorated Mangrove Forest in the Caribbean Coast of Colombia

Mass mortality and biomass of mangrove trees are related to soil factors in the Caribbean Coast of Colombia. Soil properties measured were particle size distribution, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, redox potential, salinity, and extractable nitrogen (NO₂, NO₃, NH₄) and phosphorus (PO₄). Sampling was performed at three locations along two 50 m transects at each site. Soil nutrient concentrations of either exchangeable nitrogen or phosphorus were comparable to other reported values. Redox potentials (E_h) were variable probably due to microtopographic conditions and to the amount of water and organic matter present in the soil. Hydrogen potentials (pH) are within the range reported as normal for mangrove soils. Locations with highest biomass had an average soil salinity of 35 with a range of 20 to 53. Sites with dead or dwarfed vegetation had an average soil salinity of 74 and minimum and maximum values observed were 52 and 100 respectively. Statistical analysis exhibited temporal and spatial differences in soil salinity and suggest that this parameter is most correlated to the development and distribution of mangrove vegetation in the area indicating that basal area and biomass volume are inversely correlated with soil salinity.     

不同密度樟子松人工林土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

以科尔沁沙地不同密度(490、750、1550、1930、2560株·hm-2)樟子松人工林(栽植于1980年)为研究对象,分析林分密度对土壤碳、氮、磷浓度及其计量比的影响,研究林分密度与土壤养分状况的关系。结果表明:随着樟子松林密度增加,各土层(0～10、10～20和20～40 cm)土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷浓度和C∶N呈先增加后降低趋势,而土壤有效磷浓度呈先降低后增加趋势。土壤有机碳浓度在490株·hm-2密度小于其他密度,而有效磷浓度大于其他密度;土壤C∶P和N∶P在2560株·hm-2密度显著大于其他密度。各密度樟子松林土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和有效磷浓度在0～10 cm土层显著大于10～20和20～40cm土层,樟子松人工林土壤养分具有表聚性。通过典范对应分析发现,密度对樟子松林土壤养分影响的主要因子是土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷,且密度为1550株·hm-2时土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和碱解氮浓度较高,而C∶P和N∶P较低。因此,当樟子松人工林密度为1550株·hm-2时,土壤养分浓度较高,林木生长较好,为最佳经营密度。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘荒漠绿洲过渡带不同土地利用影响下土壤化学计量特征

荒漠绿洲过渡带在维护绿洲生态安全和绿洲稳定上具有重要作用。垦荒等土地利用的增强使得荒漠绿洲过渡带的健康稳定受到了巨大的挑战。以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘典型荒漠绿洲过渡带为研究对象,系统分析了不同土地利用方式(桑田、半自然柽柳林、瓜地、棉花-玉米地)对土壤养分化学计量特征的影响。土壤取样沿农田到荒漠方向进行,分5层进行。研究发现,土壤各养分指标均受土地利用方式(4种)、土层(5层)和与农田边缘垂直距离(4梯度)的显著影响,且存在一定的交互作用。土地利用方式显著影响土壤各养分元素含量。随土层由浅到深,有机碳(C)、有效氮(N)和有效磷(P)基本呈下降趋势,全N具有波动变化,而全P变化不显著。随与农田边缘垂直距离的增加,各养分含量基本呈递减趋势。对同一土层(共选择三层)不同土地利用方式下土壤养分具体分析表明,棉花-玉米地这一利用方式在农田内部具有最高的土壤有机C和全N含量,其次为桑田。随着与农田边缘垂直距离的增加,土壤C、N含量优势减弱。除农田内部样地(0 m)外,三层土壤全P含量基本呈桑田柽柳林棉花-玉米地趋势。表层有效N含量在农田内部样地(0 m)瓜地最高,其他距离处(大于等于20 m)棉花-玉米地高,下层土壤有效氮含量在农田内部各土地利用方式间无差异。在各距离样点处不同土地利用类型间土壤有效P含量的变化无明显规律,在农田内部以瓜地有效P含量最高。棉花-玉米地土壤全量N/P在农田内部和与农田边缘垂直距离20 m处含量最高。三土层土壤有效N/P在农田内部以柽柳林最高,随着与农田边缘垂直距离增加,土壤有效N/P显著改变。综合来看,土地利用对荒漠绿洲过渡带土壤营养含量的增加具有正向作用,由土壤养分变化带来的生态效应值得关注。     

黄河三角洲不同类型盐生植物土壤真菌群落结构特征

盐生植物种类及其所具有的不同耐盐调节方式影响着根际微生物群落的结构与组成。为明确不同类型盐生植物根际与非根际土壤中真菌群落结构与组成的差异及其与土壤环境间的相互关系,该研究采集了黄河三角洲地区芦苇、盐地碱蓬、獐毛3种不同类型盐生植物0～20 cm土层的根际和非根际土壤,通过高通量测序对其真菌群落多样性和结构进行了分析,以探究真菌群落特征与土壤理化因子间的关系。结果表明：(1)3种不同类型盐生植物根际土壤真菌群落丰富度显著大于各自非根际土,且獐毛根际土壤真菌群落丰富度显著大于芦苇和盐地碱蓬的根际土。(2)距离热图分析表明,芦苇和盐地碱蓬非根际土壤真菌群落间的相似性最大。(3)土壤真菌多样性和丰富度与土壤总碳、总氮、有效磷、pH呈正相关关系,与土壤盐分含量呈负相关关系。(4)3种不同类型盐生植物的根际与非根际土壤中,球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)均为绝对优势门,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)为优势属。(5)RDA分析表明,土壤盐分含量是影响土壤真菌群落结构的重要因子,球囊菌门丰度与土壤总氮、总碳、有效磷、有机碳、pH呈正相关关系,与盐分呈负相关关系。(6)植物土壤真菌群...     

避灾露营对城市公共绿地土壤呼吸的短期影响

2008年5月12日四川汶川发生里氏8．0级大地震后,城市居民大规模在公共绿地上露宿避灾,而这些强人为干扰活动对绿地植被和土壤影响的科学研究却十分少。选择不同时间露营点和出入帐棚必经的践踏区域,测量土壤CO2通量的变化及相关环境因子（空气温湿度、土壤容重、孔隙度和微生物生物量等）。结果发现土壤CO2通量明显地受露营和人为践踏的影响,露营和人为践踏区土壤CO2通量明显地低于对照区。随着露营的增加,土壤CO2通量呈现先降低（大约10d后）后略有增加（大约20d后）,后期又下降的趋势（大约25d后）。在露营区,土壤紧实和遮荫是土壤CO2通量减少的两个主要过程,在早期,严重遮荫后引起根系呼吸下降是主要过程,而在后期,随着人入睡帐棚次数的增加,土壤紧实是控制土壤CO2通量的主要过程;而在践踏区,踩踏引起土壤紧实是土壤呼吸下降的主要原因。因此地震露营避灾后退化草坪恢复的一个关键措施是松土改善土壤的物理状况。     

巨桉连栽对土壤微生物生物量和数量的影响

为探讨巨桉连栽对土壤微生物生物量和数量的影响,采用时空互换法,研究了马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林和不同连栽代次的巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)人工林的微生物生物量、数量与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,巨桉一代林的土壤微生物生物量碳、生物量氮和土壤真菌、细菌数量与马尾松林的差异不显著,放线菌数量则显著增加。随巨桉连栽代次增加,土壤微生物生物量碳、生物量氮和土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均递减。回归分析表明,土壤全磷能独立解释微生物生物量氮、细菌和真菌数量71.7%、86.1%和63.0%的变异,与总孔隙度共同解释微生物生物量碳87.9%的变异,与全氮共同解释放线菌数量89.6%的变异。可见,土壤全磷较大程度解释了微生物的变化。     

Distance‐dependent effects of soil‐derived biota on seedling survival of the tropical tree legume Ormosia semicastrata

Question: How do seed germination and subsequent seedling survival of O. semicastrata (Hance forma litchiifolia How) vary with respect to distance from parent trees and conspecific density in different types of tropical forest? Are there effects of soil biota on O. semicastrata that systematically depend on distance from parent trees and conspecific density? Do soil pathogens differently affect survival of O. semicastrata in different types of tropical forest? Location: Tropical lowland rain forest and tropical montane rain forest in Jianfengling National Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China. Methods: Individual adult O. semicastrata trees were selected in lowland rain forest and montane rain forest. Soil was collected at a distance of 0‐5 m or 15‐20 m from the parent tree. Soil samples from each distance were combined into a bulk sample. Half of the soil sample was sterilized by autoclaving. Surface‐sterilized seeds were then added to the soil material in shade‐houses at both forests. Results: Germination of O. semicastrata seeds at low‐ or high‐seed density was barely affected by the sterilization procedure. In both forests, seedlings grown in non‐sterilized soil collected close to parent trees had significantly higher mortality compared to those in sterilized soil. In contrast, seedling survival with soil collected far from parent trees was not affected by the soil sterilization procedure. Conclusions: Host‐specific pathogens concentrated in the soil around parent trees may regulate community structure of tropical trees at the stage of seedling development.     

辽西北沙地苹果-大豆间作对土壤养分和微生物量分布的影响

为了解辽西北沙地果农间作系统中土壤养分及微生物量分布特征,选取研究区具有代表性的苹果(Malus pumila)-大豆(Glycine max)间作系统为研究对象,对间作系统0～60 cm 土层、0～300 cm水平距离范围内的土壤养分和微生物量进行了测定,并与大豆单作、苹果单作进行对比.结果表明:辽西北沙地苹果与大豆...     

近自然化改造对马尾松人工林土壤团聚体有机磷组分含量变化的影响

有机磷(Po)是土壤磷库的重要组成部分。为探究马尾松人工林近自然化改造对土壤团聚体Po分布特征的影响,该研究以南亚热带的马尾松纯林(PP)和近自然化改造后的马尾松-阔叶树种混交林(CP)为对象,采集0～10 cm土样后利用干筛法将其筛分为>2 mm、0.25～2 mm和<0.25 mm三部分粒径团聚体,并测定原土及各粒径团聚体中各Po组分、微生物生物量磷(MBP)含量和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性。结果表明:(1)CP的土壤Po组分与PP相比发生了变化,高稳定性有机磷(HRO-P)和中度活性有机磷(MLO-P)在原土以及各团聚体径级中均显著高于PP(P<0.05),而活性有机磷(LO-P)和中度稳定性有机磷(MRO-P)在CP和PP中并无显著差异,PP和CP各组分Po在原土和各团聚体径级中无明显变化规律。(2)各形态Po在PP中占比大小为HRO-P>MRO-P>MLO-P>LO-P,而在CP中为HRO-P>MLO-P>MRO-P>LO-P。(3)CP中的MBP含量和ACP活性在原土及各团聚体径级中均显著高于PP,并且随着团聚体径级的减小,ACP活性上升。(4)冗余分析发现,土壤有效磷(AP)、土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、MBP和全氮(TN)为土壤Po组分的主要驱动因子。综上认为,近自然化改造有利于马尾松人工林土壤中磷的积累与转化,该研究结果为马尾松人工林土壤质量和生产力的提升提供了理论依据。     

The value of paddock trees for regional conservation in an agricultural landscape

Summary Isolated trees and small patches of trees – paddock trees – are a prominent feature of agricultural landscapes in Australia, but are declining in many areas due to natural senescence, clearing, dieback and the general absence of recruitment. We assessed the importance of paddock trees for woodland conservation in a 30 000 ha sample of the New South Wales (NSW) South‐west Slopes using Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) panchromatic satellite imagery combined with models predicting the original distribution of vegetation communities. Tree‐cover occurred over 12% of the study area. The patch‐size distribution of vegetation in the study area varied between woodland types. For woodland communities that were confined to hills and ridges, most tree‐cover occurred as few, large remnants. For woodland communities of the foothills and plains (Blakely's Red Gum, Eucalyptus blakelyi and Yellow Box, Eucalyptus melliodora, or White Box, Eucalyptus albens and Red Stringybark), 54% of remnant tree‐cover occurred as patches < 1 ha. The loss of paddock trees will cause substantial reductions to some woodland communities. For example, the loss of patches < 1 ha in woodlands dominated by Blakely's Red Gum and Yellow Box would reduce this association from 7.4% to 3.4% of its predicted pre‐1750 distribution. Mean distance to tree‐cover across the study area increased almost fourfold if patches < 1 ha were removed from the landscape, which may have consequences for movements of some flora and fauna. Failure to protect and perpetuate paddock trees will diminish the likelihood of achieving the conservation objectives of comprehensiveness, adequacy and representativeness in agricultural landscapes.     

Clumped and isolated trees influence soil nutrient levels in an Australian temperate box woodland

Isolated paddock trees are a common feature of agri-pastoral landscapes in south-eastern Australia. We assessed the impact of trees on soil nutrients by examining (1) changes in soil nutrients under clumped and isolated (living and dead) trees at four microsites corresponding with increasing distance from the trunk (trunk, mid-canopy, drip line, open), and (2) changes with depth under trees growing in clearly-defined clumps. We detected significantly greater concentrations of organic C, and total N and S under trees growing in clumps compared with either isolated living or dead trees. Levels of soluble Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and available P declined with increasing distance from the trees, but there were no significant trends for organic C, or total N and S. The concentration of most nutrients declined with depth, particularly at microsites close to the trunk, while pH increased with depth. We believe that differences in chemistry were largely driven by greater inputs of organic matter under the trees. This study reinforces the view that trees, whether scattered or in clumps, are important for soil nutrient conservation in agri-pastoral landscapes.     

Litterfall and associated nutrient pools extend beyond the canopy of scattered eucalypt trees in temperate pastures

Scattered paddock trees are a keystone feature of temperate grazing landscapes of Australia. However, our understanding of their influence on their immediate environment, and specifically the spatial distribution and characteristics of litter, is still limited. Here, we quantified the spatial pattern of litter around 4 Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus melliodora A. Cunn. Ex Schauer, E. viminalis Labill., E. blakelyi Maiden and E. michaeliana Blakely) in grazing landscapes on the Northern Tablelands of NSW, Australia. We examined the effect of species and soil parent material (basalt, granite and meta-sediments) on litter chemistry and chemical pools. Between 54–145 kg of litter was found around individual trees and litter density consistently declined with distance from the tree (330 g.m^?2 in the inner canopy to 4 g.m^?2 in the open paddock). However, an equivalent quantity of litter was found beneath and beyond the canopy indicating that a large quantity of the litter and nutrients fell beyond the edge of the canopy. Overall, leaf litter accounted for 23 to 34% of litterfall and had larger nutrient concentrations and pools than bark or stick litter. Most litter nutrients concentrations were independent of tree species or parent material but our results suggest that P, K and S were removed in foliage prior to abscission whilst Ca and Fe concentrations increased. The spatial patterns of litter distribution around scattered trees coincide with spatial patterns in soil properties that are frequently observed in these environments, and provide strong evidence of a significant link between these factors. Our results suggest that the removal of scattered trees from pastoral landscapes in this region of Australia will result in the loss of a significant litter input to the soil surface and will diminish this potentially important source of soil nutrients.     

不同火烈度对四川泸山林场云南松林土壤有机碳组分的影响

林火通过改变土壤理化性质显著影响土壤固碳能力及土壤有机碳各组分含量。阐明不同火烈度对云南松林土壤有机碳的影响,对于云南松林火后生态系统恢复及土壤碳库管理具有重要意义。以火烧2年后四川泸山林场云南松林0-5、5-10、10-15、15-20cm层土壤为研究对象,根据不同火烈度（未过火、低烈度、中烈度、高烈度）设置3块20m×30m样地,共12块样地,野外采集土壤样品,室内测定土壤全氮、容重等理化性质和土壤有机碳（Soil organic carbon,SOC）、土壤活性有机碳（易氧化有机碳,Readily oxidizable carbon,ROC;颗粒有机碳,Particulate organic carbon,POC;微生物生物量碳,Microbial biomass carbon,MBC;水溶性有机碳,Water-soluble organic carbon,WSOC）,采用方差分析研究不同火烈度下土壤有机碳各组分含量的差异性和变化趋势,并采用相关性分析和冗余分析从土壤理化性质角度探究林火对土壤有机碳的影响机制。研究结果表明：（1）不同火烈度显著影响土壤理化性质,其中土壤全氮、有效磷、阳离子交换量、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度随火烈度增大而增加,而土壤pH、速效钾、碱解氮、容重随火烈度增大而减少。（2） SOC随火烈度增大而减少,其中5-10cm土层降幅最大为44.79%;4种土壤活性有机碳随火烈度增大而减小,其中0-5cm土层下降幅度最明显,各组分降幅大小依次为ROC （36.31%-61.31%） > POC （30.05%-53.61%） > MBC （20.60%-48.19%） > WSOC （13.47%-29.29%）,不同组分对林火的不同响应显著影响了土壤ROC、POC、WSOC的占比。（3）土壤有机碳及其活性组分与阳离子交换量、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、有效磷、碱解氮呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与容重呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。火烧后土壤有机碳的变化主要与阳离子交换量、容重、全氮、含水率有关,且阳离子交换量影响最大（解释率为61.7%）。     

不同土地利用方式对黄河三角洲土壤物理特性的影响

黄河三角洲是我国成土最快的河口三角洲之一,探索其土地利用过程中不同土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响,对该区土壤肥力保持和土地资源的持续利用具有重要意义。选择黄河三角洲棉田、麦田、苇地、碱蓬地和裸地等5种不同的土地利用方式,通过野外调查与室内分析,研究不同土地利用方式下土壤主要物理特性的变异特征及影响因素。结果显示,与裸地土壤相比,有植被土地利用方式土壤容重降低,土壤孔隙度、团聚体水稳性、饱和含水量与毛管含水量也有相应的提高;土壤有机碳和速效氮、有效磷含量均有显著增加,土壤总盐分含量呈显著降低趋势。在所研究土壤中,土壤物理性质依麦田-棉田-苇地-碱蓬地-裸地的次序从最佳向最差过渡。逐步回归分析和相关分析表明土壤容重、团聚体平均重量直径和毛管孔隙度是土壤毛管含水量的主要影响因子,团聚体水稳性主要由大于0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量和毛管孔隙度决定,土壤总盐分含量影响土壤饱和导水率;大于0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量分别与土壤有机碳含量(r=0.8323)、速效氮含量(r=0.7558)和有效磷含量(r=0.9049)具有正相关关系。因此,黄河三角洲地区土地利用应以增加有机质的投入,提高土壤水稳性团聚体形成为基础,促进土壤良好结构形成。这些结果为该区土壤肥力提高和土壤资源可持续利用提供参考依据。     

26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响

研究长期小麦连作施肥条件下土壤微生物量碳、氮,土壤呼吸的变化及其与土壤养分的相关性。以陕西长武长期定位试验为平台,应用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4提取法、碱液吸收法和化学分析法分析了长达26a不同施肥处理农田土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮和土壤呼吸之间的差异及其调控土壤肥力的作用。长期施肥及种植作物,均能提高土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,尤其是施用有机肥,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量高于单施无机肥的处理,土壤呼吸量也提高15.91%—75.73%,而施用无机肥对于土壤呼吸无促进作用。土壤微生物生物量碳氮、土壤呼吸与土壤有机质、全氮呈极显著相关。长期有机无机肥配施可以提高土壤微生物量碳氮、土壤呼吸,氮磷肥与厩肥配施对提高土壤肥力效果最好。微生物量碳氮及土壤呼吸可以反映土壤质量的变化,作为评价土壤肥力的生物学指标。     

中亚热带不同森林更新方式生态酶化学计量特征

了解土壤生态化学计量特征对预测不同生态系统养分变化、功能以及植物生产力具有重要意义。森林更新是维持中亚热带森林生态系统可持续发展的重要手段。选取福建省三明市陈大林业采育场3种不同森林更新方式进行研究,包括米槠次生林（SF）、米槠人工促进天然更新林（AR）和杉木人工林（CF）,测定其土壤理化性质及土壤3种酶,计算酶化学计量。结果显示：1）AR的土壤总氮、全磷、铵态氮含量以及含水量最高（P < 0.05）,土壤有效磷的含量则是CF最高（P < 0.05）;2）生态酶化学计量结果表明AR的土壤微生物处于氮限制状态,CF的土壤微生物处于磷限制状态;3）冗余分析表明,土壤含水量和铵态氮是驱动不同森林更新方式土壤生态酶化学计量变异的重要环境因子。研究表明,人促更新方式更有利于土壤有效氮的积累,而人工林则有利于土壤有效磷积累,这可能与造林树种有关。土壤生态酶化学计量更易受到土壤含水量以及有效性养分的驱动,而与土壤化学计量未呈现良好的耦合性。     

祁连山不同类型草地的土壤理化性质与植被特征

祁连山草地生态系统在维护我国西部生态安全方面起着举足轻重的作用。为了解祁连山不同类型草地土壤水分、养分等理化性质与植被分布特征,及土壤理化性质与植被特征的相关关系,于祁连山选取7种类型的草地,测定土壤水分含量、养分含量、容重、颗粒组成和植被特征,计算土壤颗粒的分形维数、0～40 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷储量、植物多样性指数。结果表明: 祁连山不同类型草地的土壤理化性质与植被特征差异显著,高寒草甸相比于其他类型草地具有较高的土壤水分、养分和黏粒含量,及较低的容重和砂粒含量;0～40 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷储量变化范围分别为3084～45247、164～2358、100～319 g·m^-2,整体表现为有机碳和全氮含量高、全磷含量低;土壤全磷储量与植物多样性指数呈显著正相关关系,表明土壤全磷含量是祁连山草地植物多样性的关键影响因素。相比其他草地类型,高寒草甸具有较好的植被状况和土壤水分、养分条件。