Weight Goals in a College‐age Population

Objective: Although a growing body of literature has found unrealistic weight loss goals to be common among older, primarily female, subjects, little is known about weight loss goals of younger adults. Research Methods and Procedures: Three hundred seventy‐nine college students had their height and weight taken and reported their “goal,” “dream,” “happy,” “acceptable,” and “disappointed” weights. A series of 2 (gender) × 2 (nonoverweight vs. overweight) ANOVAs were conducted with both absolute weight goals and percentage of weight loss needed to obtain those goals as dependent variables. Results: When examined in terms of absolute weight goals, women generally had lower body mass index (BMI) goals than men, and nonoverweight participants had lower BMI goals than overweight participants. Surprisingly, most overweight participants would accept a weight loss that would still place them in the overweight BMI range. When examined in terms of percentage loss needed to reach those goals, only overweight women chose goal and dream weights that would require a loss greater than can be expected from nonsurgical weight‐loss treatments, and all overweight participants chose happy and acceptable weights within 15% of current weight. Discussion: Participants in this study had generally reasonable weight‐loss goals, and even the most extreme weight loss goals were much more moderate than those found in previous studies. These results are surprising given the extreme social pressures for thinness facing young adults. Future studies should examine the variables that influence selection of goal weights and how goal weights affect actual dieting behavior.     

Weight Loss Expectations in Obese Patients Seeking Treatment at Medical Centers

Objective: To investigate weight loss expectations (expected 1‐year BMI loss, dream BMI, and maximum acceptable BMI) in obese patients seeking treatment and to examine whether expectations differ by sex, weight, diet and weight history, age, psychological factors, and primary motivations for weight loss. Research Methods and Procedures: 1891 obese patients seeking treatment in 25 Italian medical centers (1473 women; age, 44.7 ± 11.0 years; BMI, 38.2 ± 6.5 kg/m²) were evaluated. Diet and weight history, weight loss expectations, and primary motivation for seeking treatment (health or improving appearance) were systematically recorded. Psychiatric distress, binge eating, and body image dissatisfaction were tested by self‐administered questionnaires (Symptom CheckList‐90, Binge Eating Scale, and Body Uneasiness Test). Results: In 1011 cases (53.4%), 1‐year expected BMI loss was ≥9 kg/m², dream BMI was 26.0 ± 3.4 kg/m² (corresponding to a 32% loss), and maximum acceptable BMI was 29.3 ± 4.4 kg/m² (?23%). BMI and age were the strongest predictors of weight goals. Weight loss necessary to reach the desired targets was largely in excess of weight loss observed during previous dieting. Psychiatric distress, body dissatisfaction, and binge eating did not predict weight loss expectations. The primary motivation for weight loss was concern for future or present health; women seeking treatment to improve appearance had a lower grade of obesity, were younger, and had first attempted weight loss at a younger age. Discussion: Obese Italian patients had unrealistic weight loss expectations. There were significant disparities between patients’ perceptions and physicians’ weight loss recommendations of desirable treatment outcome.     

Failure to meet weight loss expectations does not impact maintenance in successful weight losers

Objective: The objective was to examine whether having a weight loss experience that lives up to one's expectations is related to maintenance in a group of successful weight losers participating in the STOP Regain trial. Research Methods and Procedures: Participants (N = 314, 81% women, mean age, 51.3 ± 10.1 years; BMI = 28.6 ± 4.8 kg/m²) who lost ≥10% of their body weight within the past 2 years were randomly assigned to a maintenance program delivered either face‐to‐face or via the Internet or to a control group and assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months. Results: At study entry, participants had lost 19% of their body weight, yet 86% of participants were currently trying to lose more weight. Further losses of 13% of body weight were needed to reach self‐selected ideal weights, with heavier participants wanting to lose more (p < 0.001). The weight loss‐related benefits participants achieved did not live up to their expectations (p ≤ 0.01). However, neither satisfaction with current weight, nor amount of further weight loss desired, nor discrepancies between actual and expected benefits predicted regain after adjusting for treatment group, gender, baseline weight, and percent weight loss before entry. Discussion: Even among very successful weight losers, expectations were not met and substantial further weight losses were desired; however, these factors were not related to subsequent weight maintenance outcomes.     

Weight Loss Expectations in Obese Patients and Treatment Attrition: An Observational Multicenter Study

Objective: To investigate the influence of weight loss expectations (expected 1‐year BMI loss, dream and maximum acceptable BMI) on attrition in obese patients seeking treatment. Research Methods and Procedures: Obese subjects (1785; 1393 women; median age, 46 years; median BMI, 36.7 kg/m²) seeking treatment in 23 medical Italian centers were evaluated. Baseline diet and weight history, weight loss expectations, and primary motivation for seeking treatment (health or improving appearance) were systematically recorded. Psychiatric distress, binge eating, and body image dissatisfaction were tested at baseline by self‐administered questionnaires (Symptom Check List‐90, Binge Eating Scale, and Body Uneasiness Test). Attrition and BMI change at 12 months were prospectively recorded. Results: At 12 months, 923 of 1785 patients (51.7%) had discontinued treatment. Compared with continuers, drop‐outs had a significantly lower age, a lower age at first dieting, lower dream BMI, a higher expected 1‐year BMI loss, and a higher weight phobia. At logistic regression analysis, the strongest predictors of attrition at 12 months were lower age and higher expected 1‐year BMI loss. The risk of drop‐out increased systematically for unit increase in expected BMI loss at 12 months (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.20; p = 0.0018). The risk was particularly elevated in the first 6 months. Discussion: Baseline weight loss expectations are independent cognitive predictors of attrition in obese patients entering a weight‐losing program; the higher the expectations, the higher attrition at 12 months. Unrealistic weight goals should be tackled at the very beginning of treatment.     

Are Unrealistic Weight Loss Goals Associated with Outcomes for Overweight Women?

Objective: To examine cross‐sectional correlates of current, goal, and dream weight and their prospective associations with weight loss in treatment. Research Methods and Procedures: Goal and dream weights, demographic characteristics, and psychosocial factors were assessed by self‐report questionnaire in 302 adult women enrolled in a weight loss trial. Height and weight were assessed at baseline, after 8 weeks of active treatment, and at 6‐ and 18‐month follow‐up. Regression techniques examined associations among baseline, goal, and dream weights, psychosocial factors, and treatment outcomes. Results: On average, goal and dream weight losses were unrealistically high (?24% and ?30%, respectively). High goals were associated with greater expected effort and greater expected reward but were not associated with psychological distress. Goal and dream weight losses were only weakly associated with behavioral or weight outcomes. An association between higher dream weight losses and greater weight loss at 18 months was the only outcome result to reach statistical significance. Discussion: Results suggest that lack of realism in weight loss goals is not important enough to justify counseling people to accept lower weight loss goals when trying to lose weight.     

Weight loss expectations and goals in a population sample of overweight and obese US adults

The purpose of this study was to investigate weight loss expectations and goals in a population sample of US adults who planned to make a weight loss attempt, and to examine predictors of those expectations and goals. Participants were 658 overweight and obese adults (55% women, mean age = 47.9 years, BMI = 31.8 kg/m(2)) who responded to a telephone survey about weight loss. Respondents reported weight loss expectations (i.e., reductions they realistically expected) and goals (i.e., reductions they ideally desired) for an upcoming "serious and deliberate" weight loss attempt. They also reported the expectations they had, and the reductions they actually achieved, in a previous attempt. Respondents' weight loss expectations for their upcoming attempt (8.0% reduction in initial weight) were significantly more modest than their goals for that attempt (16.8%), and smaller than the losses that they expected (12.0%), and achieved (8.9%) in their most recent past attempt (Ps 相似文献   

Association of major depression and binge eating disorder with weight loss in a clinical setting

Objective: Obesity has been linked to both major depressive disorder (MDD) and binge eating disorder (BED) in clinical and epidemiological studies. The present study compared weight loss among patients with and without MDD and BED who participated in a hospital‐based weight loss program modeled after the Diabetes Prevention Program. Research Methods and Procedures: Of 131 obese patients who enrolled in treatment, 17% were diagnosed with MDD only, 13% were diagnosed with BED only, 17% were diagnosed with both MDD and BED, and 53% lacked either diagnosis in a pretreatment clinical interview. Results: After treatment, patients with MDD only attained 63% of the weight loss that non‐depressed patients attained. Patients with BED only attained 55% of the weight loss that non‐binge eaters attained. The effect of MDD on weight loss was not accounted for by the presence of BED or vice versa. Only 27% of patients with both MDD and BED achieved clinically significant weight loss compared with 67% of patients who had neither disorder. Results were not significantly altered when gender, age, and diabetes status were adjusted. Conclusion: Both MDD and BED were prevalent among this obese clinical population, and each disorder was independently associated with worse outcomes. Research is needed to investigate how to increase the efficacy of behavioral weight loss programs for individuals with MDD and/or BED.     

Does Binge Eating Disorder Impact Weight‐Related Quality of Life?

Objectives: To determine whether binge eating disorder (BED) impacts weight‐related quality of life in obese individuals seeking weight loss treatment and to investigate the role of psychological symptoms, BMI, and demographic variables in the relationship between BED and weight‐related quality of life. Research Methods and Procedures: Three hundred seventeen women (BMI = 37.6) and 213 men (BMI = 41.3) completed questionnaires on admission into an intensive residential lifestyle modification program. Weight‐related quality of life was assessed using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite (IWQOL‐Lite). The presence of BED was determined using the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns‐Revised. Psychological symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the global severity index of the Symptom Checklist 90‐R. Results: BED prevalence in this sample was 17.9%. Participants with BED, in comparison with those without BED, were more likely to be women (75.8% vs. 56.3%, p < 0.001), younger (45.0 vs. 49.7 years, p = 0.003), white (98.9% vs. 91.7%), heavier (BMI = 42.0 vs. 38.5, p = 0.002), psychologically distressed, and more impaired on total IWQOL‐Lite (51.5 vs. 65.3, p < 0.001) and all IWQOL‐Lite subscales. However, after controlling for demographic variables, BMI, and psychological symptoms, BED was not independently associated with weight‐related quality of life. Discussion: The association between BED and impairment in quality of life that has been previously reported in the literature may largely be accounted for by differences between those with and without BED on demographic variables, BMI, and psychological symptoms. BED does not seem to independently impact weight‐related quality of life.     

Weight and BMI over 6 years in Korean Children: Relationships to Body Image and Weight Loss Efforts

Objective: To investigate the relationships among longitudinal weight status, body dissatisfaction, and attitude to weight loss among Korean children from the age of 7‐8 to 13‐14 years old. Research Methods and Procedures: 351 Korean school children's heights and weights were measured at the ages of 7‐8 and 13‐14 years old; at the age of 13‐14, they completed a questionnaire about body dissatisfaction and weight loss efforts. Results: At the age of 7‐8, 15.7% of children were overweight by International Obesity Task Force standards, as compared with 26.2% at the age of 13‐14. Of the 55 7‐ to 8‐year‐old overweight children, 85.5% were still overweight at the age of 13‐14 years old. Greater concerns about body image and stronger desires to be thinner were observed among stable overweight children and among those in whom there had been a rapid increase in BMI over the 6‐year study period. Girls favored thinner shapes than did boys, regardless of their weight status or BMI changes. In girls, the level of body dissatisfaction was related only to weight loss desire, regardless of weight status or changes in BMI. In boys, however, weight loss desire was related only to weight loss attempts and was independent of weight status, BMI changes, and level of body dissatisfaction. Discussion: Regardless of weight status, changes in BMI should be considered when dealing with body dissatisfaction and attitudes to weight loss in children.     

Binge Eating Disorder Affects Outcome of Comprehensive Very-Low-Calorie Diet Treatment

To determine the effects of binge eating disorder (BED) on weight loss and maintenance in women undergoing treatment for obesity, we studied the weight changes of 38 women (body mass index >30 kg/m²), 21 of whom met proposed criteria for BED and 17 of whom reported few problems with binge eating, during and after a 26-week comprehensive very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) treatment program. All 17 subjects without and 16/21 subjects with BED returned for four follow-up visits over 12 months (p=0.05). While a similar proportion of subjects with and without BED reported absolute adherence to both the modified fast and refeeding, those with BED showed a significantly different distribution in energy intake from those without BED, with fewer small and more large lapses among those who deviated from the diet (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in mean weight loss over the 26 weeks of treatment, but subjects with BED showed significantly diminished weight loss during the middle third of treatment (p<0.05). Black subjects, regardless of the presence of BED, lost significantly less weight during treatment than white subjects (p<0.005). Although there was no significant difference in mean weight loss at any of the four follow-up visits between subjects with and without BED, 25% of subjects with BED had regained >50% of their lost weight by three-month follow-up, vs. no subjects without the disorder (p<0.05). One year after completing treatment, approximately half of BED (+) and BED (-) subjects had a good outcome, maintaining a weight loss ≥10% of initial body weight. However, 35% of subjects with BED, and none of the subjects without BED, had a poor outcome (p<0.05). We conclude that many individuals with BED will respond well to a medically supervised comprehensive VLCD program, attaining medically significant weight loss. However, this subgroup appears to be at risk for early major regain of lost weight and for poor outcome one year following weight-loss treatment.     

Binge Size Increases with Body Mass Index in Women with Binge-Eating Disorder

Objective: To determine whether meal size is related to body mass index (BMI) in obese subjects with binge-eating disorder (BED). Research Methods and Procedures: Five groups of subjects each consumed two laboratory-test meals on nonconsecutive days. Forty-two women, categorized by BMI and BED diagnosis, were instructed to “binge” during one meal and to eat “normally” during another. Eighteen women had BMI values >38 kg/m² (more-obese) and 17 had BMI values between 28 to 32 kg/m² (less-obese). Twelve of the more-obese and nine of the less-obese individuals met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV criteria for BED. Seven normal-weight women also participated as controls. Results: Subjects with BED ate significantly more in both meals than subjects without BED. Binge meals were significantly larger than normal meals only among subjects with BED. The more-obese subjects with BED ate significantly more than the less-obese subjects with BED, but only when they were asked to binge. Intake of the binge meal was significantly, positively correlated with BMI among subjects with BED. Subjects with BED reported significantly higher satiety ratings after the binge than after the normal meal, but subjects without BED reported similar ratings after both meals. Regardless of instructions and diagnosis, obese subjects consumed a significantly higher percentage of energy from fat (38.5%) than did normal-weight subjects (30.8%). Discussion: During binge meals, the energy intake of subjects with BED is greater than that of individuals of similar body weight without BED and is positively correlated with BMI.     

Cross‐Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Body Mass Index and Marriage‐Related Factors

Objective: To assess the relationship between marriage and obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations were examined between participant body mass index (BMI), spouse BMI, and participant diet and exercise habits. Results: Spouse and participant BMI and BMI changes over 2 years were significantly associated. Participant BMI was associated with higher consumption of calorie‐dense foods and lower frequency of physical activity. Participants’ eating and exercise habits were only weakly related to spouse BMI. BMI did not predict the likelihood of marriage or divorce. However, marriage was associated with a significant 2‐year weight gain and divorce with a significant 2‐year weight loss. Discussion: The results suggest that spouse similarity in BMI is at least partly due to shared environment. The observed effects of marriage and divorce on weight may be due to the influence of marriage on inducements to eat (e.g., shared meals) or on motivation for weight control.     

Body Size Preferences and Desired Weight of Patients Who Have Received Obesity Surgery and of Comparison Adults

Patients who had received obesity surgery (n=144) and comparison adults (n=72) selected the most attractive male and female size and the samesex size they most wanted to look like from an array of 15 outline drawings. Subjects also reported their height, and current and desired weights (transformed into body mass index units [BMI]). There was a remarkable consensus on the sizes considered most attractive: Two male sizes were chosen by 78% of all subjects, and two female sizes by 83%. The hypothesis that adults who had obesity surgery would idealize thin sizes and, therefore, select thinner sizes and lower weights than comparison adults was not supported. Not only did patients and comparison adults selecte the same desired size, but women patients desired significantly larger BMIs than comparison women. There was a large range of desired BMIs associated with each desired size; the correlation between desired BMI and desired size was significant for women but not for men. It was speculated that subjects' desired size reflected cultural norms while subjects' desired BMI was a function of their current weight. Health professionals working in weight loss and/or physical fitness areas need to help clients understand weight-size relationships so that clients can have both realistic weight and realistic size goals.     

Effect of Pramlintide on Weight in Overweight and Obese Insulin‐Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Objective: Several randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trials in insulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that adjunctive therapy with pramlintide reduces hemoglobin (Hb)A_1c with concomitant weight loss. This analysis further characterizes the weight‐lowering effect of pramlintide in this patient population. Research Methods and Procedures: This pooled post hoc analysis of two long‐term trials included all patients who were overweight/obese at baseline (BMI > 25 kg/m²), and who were treated with either 120 μg pramlintide BID (n = 254; HbA_1c 9.2%; weight, 96.1 kg) or placebo (n = 244; HbA_1c 9.4%; weight, 95.0 kg). Statistical endpoints included changes from baseline to week 26 in HbA_1c, body weight, and insulin use. Results: Pramlintide treatment resulted in significant reductions from baseline to week 26, compared with placebo, in HbA_1c and body weight (both, p < 0.0001), for placebo‐corrected reductions of ?0.41% and ?1.8 kg, respectively. Approximately three times the number of patients using pramlintide experienced a ≥5% reduction of body weight than with placebo (9% vs. 3%, p = 0.0005). Patients using pramlintide also experienced a proportionate decrease in total daily insulin use (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). The greatest placebo‐corrected reductions in weight at week 26 were observed in pramlintide‐treated patients with a BMI >40 kg/m² and in those concomitantly treated with metformin (both, p < 0.001), for placebo‐corrected reductions of ?3.2 kg and ?2.5 kg, respectively. Discussion: These findings support further evaluation of the weight‐lowering potential of pramlintide in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.     

On the Relation of Attempting to Lose Weight,Restraint, and Binge Eating in Outpatients with Binge Eating Disorder

Objective: To examine the relationship among attempts to lose weight, restraint, and eating behavior in outpatients with binge eating disorder (BED). Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were 93 consecutive outpatients evaluated for a clinical trial who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth edition criteria for BED. The Eating Disorder Examination Interview was administered to assess attempts at weight loss, restraint, different forms of overeating, and the attitudinal psychopathology of eating disorders (i.e., concerns regarding eating, shape, and weight). In addition, the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire was used to assess cognitive restraint, hunger, and disinhibition. Psychometrically established measures were given to assess body dissatisfaction, depression, and self‐esteem. Results: The majority of participants (75.3%; N = 70) reported attempting to lose weight, but only 37.6% (N = 35) reported dietary restraint on at least half the days of the month. Dietary restraint and cognitive restraint were not associated with any form of binge eating or overeating. Dietary restraint and cognitive restraint were positively correlated with weight concern, shape concern, and body dissatisfaction, and negatively correlated with body mass index. To further examine the interplay between attempting to lose weight and restraint, three study groups were created: unrestrained nonattempters (21.5%, N = 20), unrestrained attempters (40.9%; N = 38), and restrained attempters (34.4%; N = 32). The three groups did not differ significantly on binge eating or other eating behaviors; however, significant differences were observed for weight concern, shape concern, and body dissatisfaction. Discussion: Attempts to lose weight and restraint are not synonymous for patients with BED. Although 75.3% of BED patients reported that they were attempting to lose weight, only 37.6% reported dietary restraint on at least half the days of the previous month. While restraint was negatively associated with body mass index, it was not related to binge eating or overeating. Our findings raise questions about prevailing models that posit restraint as a predominant factor in the maintenance of binge eating in BED.     

Loss of control is central to psychological disturbance associated with binge eating disorder

Objective: Binge eating disorder (BED) is positively associated with obesity and psychological distress, yet the behavioral features of BED that drive these associations are largely unexplored. The primary aim of this study was to investigate which core behavioral features of binge eating are most strongly related to psychological disturbance. Methods and Procedures: A cross‐sectional study involved 180 bariatric surgery candidates, 93 members of a non‐surgical weight loss support group, and 158 general community respondents (81 men/350 women, mean age 45.8 ± 13.3, mean BMI 34.8 ± 10.8, BMI range 17.7–66.7). Validated questionnaires assessed BED and binge eating, symptoms of depression, appearance dissatisfaction (AD), quality of life (QoL) and eating‐related behaviors. Features of binge eating were confirmed by interview. BMI was determined by clinical assessment and self‐report. Results: The loss of control (LOC) over eating, that is, being unable to stop eating or control what or how much was consumed was most closely related to psychological markers of distress common in BED. In particular, those who experienced severe emotional disturbance due to feelings of LOC reported higher symptoms of depression (P < 0.001), AD (P = 0.009), and poorer mental health–related QoL (P = 0.027). Discussion: Persons who report subjective binge episodes or do not meet BED frequency criteria for objective binge episodes may still be at elevated risk of psychological disturbance and benefit from clinical intervention. Feelings of LOC could drive binge eaters to seek bariatric surgery in an attempt to gain control over body weight and psychologically disturbing eating behavior.     

Dopamine for “Wanting” and Opioids for “Liking”: A Comparison of Obese Adults With and Without Binge Eating

Obesity research suffers from an overinclusion paradigm whereby all participants with a BMI beyond a certain cutoff value (e.g., 30) are typically combined in a single group and compared to those of normal weight. There has been little attempt to identify meaningful subgroups defined by their salient biobehavioral differences. In order to address this limitation, we examined genetic and psychological indicators of hedonic eating in obese adults with (n = 66) and without (n = 70) binge eating disorder (BED). Our analyses focused on dopamine (DA) and opioid genetic markers because of their conjoint association with the functioning of brain reward mechanisms. We targeted three functional polymorphisms related to the D2 receptor (DRD2) gene, as well as the functional A118G polymorphism of the mu‐opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene. We found that significantly more obese controls had the “loss‐of‐function” A1 allele of Taq1A compared to their BED counterparts, whereas the “gain‐of‐function” G allele of A118G occurred with greater frequency in the BED group. A significant gene–gene combination χ² analysis also indicated that of those participants with the gain‐gain genotype (G⁺ and A1), 80% were in the BED group whereas only 35% with the loss‐loss genotype (G^? and A1⁺) were in this group. Finally, BED subjects had significantly higher scores on a self‐report measure of hedonic eating. Our findings suggest that BED is a biologically based subtype of obesity and that the proneness to binge eating may be influenced by a hyper‐reactivity to the hedonic properties of food—a predisposition that is easily exploited in our current environment with its highly visible and easily accessible surfeit of sweet and fatty foods.     

Teasing History,Onset of Obesity,Current Eating Disorder Psychopathology,Body Dissatisfaction,and Psychological Functioning in Binge Eating Disorder

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to examine associations among teasing history, onset of obesity, current eating disorder psychopathology, body dissatisfaction, and psychological functioning in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were 115 female adults who met DSM‐IV criteria for BED. Measurements assessing teasing history (general appearance [GAT] and weight and size [WST] teasing), current eating disorder psychopathology (binge frequency, eating restraint, and concerns regarding eating, shape, and weight), body dissatisfaction, and psychological functioning (depression and self‐esteem) were obtained. Results: History of GAT, but not WST, was associated with current weight concerns and body dissatisfaction, whereas both GAT and WST were significantly associated with current psychological functioning. Patients with earlier onset of obesity reported more WST than patients with later onset of obesity, but the groups did not differ significantly in GAT, current eating disorder psychopathology, body dissatisfaction, or psychological functioning. Obese women reported more WST than non‐obese women, but no differences in GAT or the other outcome variables were observed. Higher frequency of GAT was associated with greater binge frequency in obese women, and with greater eating restraint in non‐obese women. Discussion: Although physical appearance teasing history is not associated with variability in most eating disorder psychopathology, it is associated with related functioning, most notably body dissatisfaction, depression, and self‐esteem. Our findings also suggest that the age of onset of obesity and current body mass index status in isolation are not associated with eating psychopathology or associated psychological functioning in adult patients with BED.     

Grazing and loss of control related to eating: two high-risk factors following bariatric surgery

Background: Gastric restrictive surgery induces a marked change in eating behavior. However, the relationship between preoperative and postoperative eating behavior and weight loss outcome has received limited attention. Objective: This study assessed a range of eating behaviors before and 1 year after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and explored the nature and extent of change in eating patterns, their clinical associates, and impact on weight loss. Methods and Procedures: A 12‐month observational study assessed presurgical and postsurgical binge eating disorder (BED), uncontrolled eating, night eating syndrome (NES), grazing, nutrient intake and eating‐related behaviors, and markers of psychological distress. A total of 129 subjects (26 male and 103 female, mean age 45.2 ± 11.5 and BMI 44.3 ± 6.8) participated in this study. Results: Presurgical BED, uncontrolled eating, and NES occurred in 14%, 31%, and 17.1% of subjects, which reduced after surgery to 3.1%, 22.5%, and 7.8%, respectively (P = 0.05 for all). Grazing was prevalent before (26.3%) and after surgery (38.0%). Preoperative BED most frequently became grazers (P = 0.029). The average percentage weight loss (%WL) was 20.8 ± 8.5%; range ?0.67 to 50.0% and percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) 50.0 ± 20.7%; range ?1.44 to 106.9% (P < 0.001). Uncontrolled eating and grazing after surgery showed high overlap and were associated with poorer %WL (P = 0.008 and P < 0.001, respectively) and elevated psychological distress. Discussion: Consistent with recent studies, uncontrolled eating and grazing were identified as two high‐risk eating patterns after surgery. Clearer characterization of favorable and unfavorable postsurgical eating behaviors, reliable methods to assess their presence, and empirically tested postsurgical intervention strategies are required to optimize weight loss outcomes and facilitate psychological well‐being in at‐risk groups.     

Accuracy of Self‐reported Weight and Height in Binge Eating Disorder: Misreport Is Not Related to Psychological Factors

This study examined the degree of misreport in weight, height, and BMI among overweight adults (n = 392) with binge eating disorder (BED) and tested whether the degree of misreport was associated with eating disorder psychopathology and psychological variables. Male (n = 97) and female (n = 295) participants self‐reported height and weight, and were subsequently measured by clinic staff. Participants also completed a series of diagnostic interviews and self‐report assessments. Discrepancies between self‐reported and measured values were modest. The degree of misreport for weight, height, and BMI was not related to eating disorder features, depression, and self‐esteem. Overall, the errors in self‐reported weight and height by overweight patients with BED were very slight. The degree of discrepancy between self‐reported and measured values was not related to eating disorder or psychological features, suggesting that such data are not biased or systematically related to individual differences in overweight patients with BED.