RAPD在双歧杆菌菌种鉴定及分型研究中的应用

采用近年来兴起的一种新的分子生物学分型技术ＲＡＰＤ即ＡＰ－ＰＣＲ对２０株４种不不双歧杆菌进行了基因指纹图谱的构建,其结果不同双歧杆菌种间存在同源性和多态性。本研究结果表明ＲＡＰＤ技术可用于双歧杆菌菌种鉴定及分型。     

耐氧双歧杆菌的分离和鉴定

从中年人粪便中分离到136株可疑双歧杆菌,通过耐氧力测定获得一株耐氧性菌.经属和种的系统生理生化鉴定,确认为长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum).小范围饮用实验结果表明,该菌对便秘有疗效.     

猪源双歧杆菌的分离与鉴定

运用双歧杆菌选择性培养基,从１～４周龄乳猪的粪便中共分离纯化到５２个菌株。通过染色镜检、生化反应、代谢产物分析、抗生素敏感性试验研究表明这些菌株均与双歧杆菌属特征相符。根据糖发酵试验初步鉴定结果,其中４５个菌株为小猪双歧杆菌,５株为猪双歧杆菌,２株为嗜热双歧杆菌。部分菌株的急性毒性试验表明受试菌株对小白鼠无任何毒性副反应。     

Micro-encapsulation of <Emphasis Type="Italic"> Bifidobacterium lactis</Emphasis> for incorporation into soft foods

Summary Micro-encapsulation of the probiotic micro-organism Bifidobacterium lactis isolated from a bio-yoghurt starter culture, was carried out using a mixture of hydrated gellan and xanthan gums. Rheological studies showed that the gum mix was suitable for encapsulation of B. lactis, for incorporation into soft foods/beverages. The gel behaved as a non-Newtonian material, and the flow curve fitted well to the Herschel–Bulkley model. The average yield stress of the gum was 1.515 Pa, indicating gum stability, and the yield stress range was 1 Pa over a temperature range of 35–50 °C. Almost constant minimum gum viscosity occurred between 46 and 61 °C. Oval/round capsules were synthesized manually using a monoaxial gum flow through a 27.5 G bevelled needle, together with a superposed air stream (air knife technique). The diameter of the capsules, measured using laser diffractometry, varied from 20 to 2200μm, with 50% of the capsules having a diameter of ≤637 μm. Numbers of viable B. lactis in the capsules were estimated using high power ultrasound (20 kHz). By using a concentrated inoculum of B. lactis, microcapsules containing log₁₀ 11–12 c.f.u. g−1 were synthesized. Apart from the anaerobic culturing of B. lactis, all other work was done in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The organism exhibited a high degree of oxygen tolerance. A 21-day survival study of immobilized cells in 1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7) stored at either 4 or 22 °C indicated that B. lactis survived in excess of log₁₀ 11 c.f.u. g−1 microcapsule. This technique represents a suitable means of supplying viable probiotics to the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.     

气体环境对厌氧益生菌乳双歧杆菌V9菌株生长影响的研究

<正>乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium lactis)V9菌株分离自健康蒙古族儿童肠道,已被广泛应用于开发各类益生菌产品[1]。由于双歧杆菌为厌氧菌[2],因此培养和保存时的气体环境会影响其活菌数量和益生功效,也成为该菌实现产业化道路上必须关注的重要环节。本刊于2012年第7期刊登了其木格苏都、张和平等的文章\"不同气体环境对益生菌Bifidobacterium lactis V9生长的影响\"[3]。作者对该菌在不同气体环境中的生长代谢特性进行了系统研究,明确了在有微量二氧化碳和氧气存在的环境下更有利于其生长。该研究为提高乳双歧     

一株具有谷胱甘肽合成能力的乳酸乳球菌的分离与初步研究

基于gshB基因同源性分析设计引物,从采集的菜园地土壤中分离到1株具有谷胱甘肽(GSH)合成能力的乳酸乳球菌菌株CCSYU10100。测定了该菌株的16S rDNA序列并根据16S rDNA序列构建了系统发育树,结果显示该菌株与乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种在进化关系上的地位最近。电镜分析表明,菌株CCSYU10100与乳酸乳球菌的形态特征基本一致。因此认为菌株CCSYU10100属于乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种,命名为乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种CCSYU10100。HPLC法鉴定出该菌株胞内除GSH外,还存在半胱氨酸-甘氨酸。乳酸乳球菌CCSYU10100的部分gshB基因与假单胞菌属的gshB基因高度同源,这是gshB基因在乳酸乳球菌中、甚至是革兰氏阳性菌中的首次发现。     

乳链菌肽产生菌的定向筛选及发酵产物的鉴定

利用乳链菌肽产生菌中nip^+nis^rsuc^+紧密连锁的原理,在添加乳链菌肽、蔗糖及溴甲酚紫的选择培养基上,从牛奶样品中定向筛选乳链菌肽产生菌。对筛选到的L. lactis1409菌株发酵产物的分析鉴定结果揭示:该产物对多种革兰氏阳性菌有强烈抑制作用,而对革兰氏阴性菌、酵母菌和霉菌无效,在pH值低的条件下对热稳定,对α—胰凝乳蛋白酶敏感,具有生物活性的蛋白质的分子量与乳链菌肽相当,而1409菌株的质粒分布与L. laclisATCC11454和L. lactis 7962不同,说明筛选到的L. laclis 1409菌株确是一株新的乳链菌肽产生菌。     

不同气体环境对益生菌Bifidobacterium lactis V9生长的影响

Bifidobacterium lactis V9(B.lactis V9)是一株具有良好益生特性且遗传稳定的益生茵,工业化生产环境中气体组成关系着益生菌活菌数量,进而影响其益生功效.[目的]研究不同气体环境对B.lactis V9生长及代谢的影响.[方法]在固体MRS培养基、液体MRS培养基及巴氏杀菌脱脂乳接种B.lactis V9,于不同的气体环境中培养.[结果]在固体MRS培养基上,B.lactis V9在混合气体(N2∶H2∶CO2=80∶10∶10)环境中菌落形成较氮气环境(N2∶99.99％)多,在空气环境(N2∶O2≈79∶21)中菌落形成极少.B.lactis V9在MRS液体中培养24 h,混合气体环境下其活菌数(9.11±0.11 log CFU/mL)显著高于空气环境下的活菌数(8.04±0.10 log CFU/mL) (P＜0.01),在混合气体环境下B.lactis V9代谢生成的乙酸和乳酸量分别为12.79±0.86 mmol/L和11.99±0.73 mmol/L,显著高于在空气环境中生成量0.65±0.07 mmol/L和2.75±0.57 mmol/L (P＜0.01),乙酸/乳酸比值分别为1.06∶1和0.24∶1.B.lactis V9在巴氏杀菌脱脂乳中发酵18h,混合气体环境下pH值(4.48±0.07)显著低于空气环境下的pH值(5.03±0.12) (P＜0.01),混合气体环境下其活菌数(9.02±0.15 log CFU/mL)显著高于空气环境下的活菌数(8.53±0.08 log CFU/mL) (P＜0.01).混合气体和空气环境下发酵脱脂乳产生的乙酸和乳酸量分别为60.52±2.30 mmol/L、5.17±1.02 mmol/L和16.86±0.34 mmol/L、5.92±0.81 mmol/L,乙酸/乳酸的值分别为11.71∶1和2.85∶1.[结论]在N2∶H2∶CO2=80∶10∶10混合气体环境下有利于B.lactis V9在液体MRS和脱脂乳中生长,其活菌数可以增加0.5-1个数量级.这一研究结果也可为B.lactis V9益生菌发酵乳的生产和产品中B.lactis V9活菌培养计数提供指导.     

Genome comparison of Bifidobacterium longum strains NCC2705 and CRC-002 using suppression subtractive hybridization

Because probiotic effects are strain dependent, genomic explanations of these differences will contribute to understanding their mechanisms of action. The genomic sequence of the Bifidobacterium longum probiotic strain NCC2705 was determined, but little is known about the genetic diversity between strains of this species. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is a powerful method for generating a set of DNA fragments differing between two closely related bacterial strains. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic differences between genomes of B. longum strains NCC2705 and CRC-002 using PCR-based SSH. Strain CRC-002 produces exopolysaccharides whereas NCC2705 is not known for reliable exopolysaccharide production. Thirty-five and 30 different sequences were obtained from the SSH libraries of strains CRC-002 and NCC2705, respectively. Specific CRC-002 genes found were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides and metabolism of other carbohydrates, and these genes were not present in the genome of strain NCC2705. The identification of an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene in the CRC-002 SSH library is an important difference because xylanase genes have previously been proposed as a defining characteristic of the NCC2705 strain. The results demonstrate that the SSH technique was useful to highlight potential genes involved in complex sugar metabolism that differ between the two probiotic strains.     

不吸水链霉菌基因文库的构建及初步筛选

采用碱裂解法从不吸水链霉菌提取染色体DNA,用Sau3AI对染色体DNA进行部分水解,利用透析袋法回收3.5～9kb之间的DNA片段。以pUC18为载体,用BamHI对其进行酶切,再用热敏磷酸酶去磷酸化,酶切产物与外源DNA按一定比例混合后,加入T4DNA连接酶进行连接。连接产物用受体菌E.coliDH5α进行转化,根据α-互补性质产生的颜色反应,挑选白色菌落,构建了相应的不吸水链霉菌基因文库。分别利用特异性探针2-1-1及1-2-1对不吸水链霉菌基因文库进行筛选,利用DIG-Ⅱ-dUTP对特异性探针进行标记,与基因文库中的阳性转化子进行Southern杂交,通过显色反应对杂交结果进行检测,由于时间关系,暂未筛选出阳性克隆,但这些工作对以后的相关实验研究具有很好的借鉴作用。     

水貂粪便中双歧杆菌的分离与鉴定

目的运用TPY培养基,从健康水貂的粪便中分离培养、筛选出2个肠道菌株。方法细菌培养、菌落形态观察、染色镜检、分离纯化、生化试验和药敏试验。结果分离培养出的2株菌株为双歧杆菌,其中1株为长双歧杆菌,另1株为青春双歧杆菌;双歧杆菌对氯霉素极其敏感,对阿米卡星耐药。结论本实验为毛皮特种经济动物微生态制剂的研究工作奠定了基础。     

The use of gene probes in the rapid analysis of natural microbial communities

Summary Hybridization probes produced from DNA sequences have proven to be a powerful tool in the rapid and sensitive analysis of natural microbial communities. By using function-specific probes, such as those identifying genes coding for photosynthesis, the potential a microbial community has for performing a given function may be rapidly determined. Gene probes have also been used in the identification and isolation of a specific catabolic genotype in less than one-fourth the time required for the conventional culture enrichment technique. Species-specific probes constructed from portions of genes coding for ribosomal RNA have been used for the rapid identification and enumeration of bacterial species in environmental samples. The use of reassociation kinetics as a measure of community diversity and complexity is also discussed. The successful application of this technique to community analysis may reduce the time required from 1 year, for conventional analysis, to 2 weeks.     

一株抗G- 菌和酵母菌的乳酸乳球菌的分离鉴定与抗菌活性

以G+ 菌金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)作为指示菌, 通过抑菌筛选法从生牛奶中初筛得到具有抑菌活性的14株细菌菌株, 然后通过个体形态与培养特征观测、部分生理生化反应、G + C mol%测定、16S rDNA序列比对分析、PCR扩增特异性N-乙酰胞壁酸水解酶基因和序列对比分析等鉴定, 确定其中的一株具有较高抑菌活性的分离株为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis)菌株, 命名为MB191。对多种G+ 细菌、G- 细菌、酵母菌和丝状真菌的对峙培养抗性测定结果表明, MB191除对供试G+ 细菌具有较高的抑菌活性以外, 还对丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae)、荧光假单胞菌(P. fluorescens)等G- 细菌和汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)等具有明显的抑菌活性。乳酸乳球菌的这一特性目前尚未见文献报道。     

Development of a high-performance affinity chromatography-based method to study the biological interaction between whole micro-organisms and target proteins

Aims: The bacteria–host molecular cross‐talk is the matter of primary importance both in pathogenesis and in commensalism. Principally based on immunological methods, the methodologies commonly utilized for these studies are laborious and require specific antibodies. Here, we developed a new high‐performance affinity chromatography (HPAC)‐based approach that allows a direct measure of the interaction between whole bacterial cells and host molecules. Methods and Results: Bifidobacterium lactis BI07 cells immobilized on amino‐derivatized silica beads were utilized as stationary phase in a high‐performance affinity chromatography approach. The analytes plasminogen, collagen I and collagen IV were injected, and interactions were evaluated by the insertion in an HPLC system with UV detection. According to our data, Bif. lactis BI07 is capable of interacting with plasminogen, while it does not exhibit any binding activity to collagen I and IV. Conclusions: In this study, we implemented a high‐performance affinity chromatography‐based method to characterize the biological interaction between whole micro‐organisms and target proteins. Significance and Impact of the Study: With respect to the approaches commonly utilized to study the interaction between bacteria and host proteins, this HPAC‐based approach is fast and cheaper than other methods and allows a direct measure of the interaction between bacterial cells and target molecules.     

Optimal conditions for the analysis of Pasteurella haemolytica lipopolysaccharide by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Monomeric human calcitonin (hCT) gene and oligomeric hCT genes composed of two, three or four head-to-tail linked monomers were fused in-frame to the yeast alpha-factor leader coding sequence wild-type and fragile mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were transformed with the constructed plasmids and the yield of recombinant protein secreted into the culture medium was measured. The yeast cells secreted equal (molar) amounts of all of the hCT variants. The recombinant proteins remained stable in the growth medium for at least 3 days. The fragile cells secreted about 30% more hCT as compared to the wild-type yeast cells.     

Screening of obligate methanotrophs for soluble methane monooxygenase genes

A 5.8 kb fragment of chromosomal DNA from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) containing genes encoding the soluble methane monooxygenase enzyme complex was used as a probe for the detection of soluble monooxygenase genes in a number of representative strains of obligate methanotrophs. Only type II methanotrophs of the genus Methylosinus were found to contain homologues to the Methylococcus gene probe. This probe was also used successfully to detect soluble methane monooxygenase genes in a variety of methanotrophs by colony hybridizations.     

Bacterial colony screening with a Streptomyces DNA probe

Restriction fragments of 1.5 kb-3.5 kb length were selected from a SalI digest of Streptomyces coriofaciens ISP5485 DNA. After radiolabelling, these fragments were used as a molecular probe. A number of actinomycetes was screened in colony hybridization. Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium strains were recognized by the probe and the hybridization sensitivity was high with isolated DNA.