草鱼致病性类志贺邻单胞菌的分离与鉴定

摘要:【目的】分离鉴定引起草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肌肉糜烂的类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigeloide)菌株JX-09。【方法】从患病草鱼分离致病菌,经形态学观察、人工感染试验、生理生化特性测定和16S rRNA基因序列分析对其进行分类鉴定和致病性检验;同时对分离到的菌株做药物敏感性试验。【结果】从回归感染后的草鱼体内再次分离到菌株JX-09,表明该菌株为致病菌;菌株JX-09对草鱼的半致死量为6.4×104cfu/g。通过生化特征和分子系统学分析,将菌株JX-09鉴定为类志贺邻单胞菌。药敏试验表明该菌株对氨曲南、头孢唑林、头孢噻吩、头孢曲松等头孢类药物敏感,对卡那霉素、麦迪霉素、万古霉素和哌拉西林等耐药。【结论】类志贺邻单胞菌是草鱼肌肉糜烂病的致病菌,这是首次报道了该菌对草鱼有致病性。     

草鱼致病性类志贺邻单胞菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】分离鉴定引起草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肌肉糜烂的类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigeloide)菌株JX-09。【方法】从患病草鱼分离致病菌,经形态学观察、人工感染试验、生理生化特性测定和16S rRNA基因序列分析对其进行分类鉴定和致病性检验;同时对分离到的菌株做药物敏感性试验。【结果】从回归感染后的草鱼体内再次分离到菌株JX-09,表明该菌株为致病菌;菌株JX-09对草鱼的半致死量为6.4×104cfu/g。通过生化特征和分子系统学分析,将菌株JX-09鉴定为类志贺邻单胞菌。药敏试验表明该菌株对氨曲南、头孢唑林、头孢噻吩、头孢曲松等头孢类药物敏感,对卡那霉素、麦迪霉素、万古霉素和哌拉西林等耐药。【结论】类志贺邻单胞菌是草鱼肌肉糜烂病的致病菌,这是首次报道了该菌对草鱼有致病性。     

杂交鲟海豚链球菌的分离、鉴定及药物敏感性

【目的】2012年7月,北京市怀柔区一家养殖场的杂交鲟爆发疾病,陆续死鱼。为确定病原,【方法】从具有典型症状的患病鱼的肝、肾和脾中分离获得3株分离菌,编号HRS12718L、HRS12718K和HRS12718S。采用形态特征、理化特性、16S rDNA和海豚链球菌特异性基因逐步鉴定病原菌的种类。取HRS12718K分离株进行人工感染实验,确认病原菌的致病性。开展药物敏感性实验筛选分离株的敏感药物。【结果】结果显示3株分离菌的形态特征和理化特性与从中国其它鱼类分离的海豚链球菌一致。采用16S rDNA序列构建的进化树与海豚链球菌聚为一支,与海豚链球菌的同源性在99.1%以上。HRS12718K分离株对杂交鲟的半致死量LD50为4.42×105CFU/mL,试验感染鱼出现与自然发病鱼相似临床症状。分离株对诺氟沙星、嗯诺沙星、硫酸新霉素、盐酸多西环素和盐酸四环素敏感,尤其对嗯诺沙星敏感。【结论】最终确认引起该养殖场杂交鲟发病的病原为海豚链球菌,建议使用嗯诺沙星进行治疗。     

尼罗罗非鱼致病性类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)的分离鉴定及其病理学观察

【目的】2013年5月广东番禺某养殖场罗非鱼出现大量死亡现象,临床症状表现为鱼体体色发黑、体表出血、鳞片脱落、鳍条溃烂等,解剖发现腹腔有大量腹水、胆囊肿大、肝呈黄色、脾脏呈暗红色。为确定病原,【方法】从具以上临床症状的病鱼组织中分离获得可疑菌株1株,编号PYS1。采用形态特征、生长特性、理化特征、16S rRNA基因序列分析等理化及分子生物学技术鉴定该菌株种类。通过人工回归感染及组织病理学研究确定该菌株的致病性,并开展药物敏感性试验筛选其敏感药物。【结果】结果表明PYS1菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides),在16S rRNA基因序列构建的分子进化树中与其他鱼源类志贺邻单胞菌聚为一支。药敏试验结果表明该菌株已呈现多重耐药性,仅对少数检测抗生素(头孢曲松、头孢洛克和头孢唑啉等)敏感。人工回归感染结果显示PYS1菌株可使尼罗罗非鱼出现与自然发病鱼相似症状,其对尼罗罗非鱼半致死量为1.425×108CFU/尾,石蜡切片显示其对感染鱼的肠、肝、脾、肾和心脏等组织均可造成损伤。【结论】证明类志贺邻单胞菌为上述养殖场尼罗罗非鱼发病的病原,且为首次报道该菌对尼罗罗非鱼的致病性。     

鳜源致病性舒伯特气单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

【背景】舒伯特气单胞菌(Aeromonas schubertii)广泛分布于淡、海水水体和底泥中,致病株已在我国养殖鳢科鱼类中流行,也感染其他经济鱼类,导致暴发性死亡。【目的】对病鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)的病原进行鉴定,确定分离菌的致病性及药物敏感性,为该病临床治疗提供参考。【方法】采集病鳜脾肾组织进行PCR或RT-PCR扩增其常见病毒,采集病鳜肝脏和腹水分离培养细菌,PCR扩增代表菌株的gyrB、16S rRNA和毒力基因,鉴定其生理生化特征,并进行药物敏感性试验和人工感染试验。【结果】病鳜的传染性脾肾坏死病毒、鳜蛙病毒、鳜弹状病毒检测结果为阴性,肝脏和腹水均存在大量细菌;代表菌株Gui210820被鉴定为舒伯特气单胞菌,携带溶血素、气溶素、弹性蛋白酶和磷脂酶毒力基因,腹腔注射感染鳜的半数致死浓度(LD50)为3.16×105 CFU/mL;菌株Gui210820对四环素、卡那霉素、复方新诺明等6种抗菌药物耐药,对强力霉素中介,对恩诺沙星、新霉素、氟苯尼考等11种抗菌药物敏感。【结论】本试验从病鳜组织分离到致病性舒伯特气单胞菌,水产准许用药物恩诺沙星、新霉素、氟苯尼考...     

牛蛙致病变形菌的鉴定及其敏感药物筛选

【目的】分离鉴定引起牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)皮肤溃疡病症的致病菌,筛选抗菌药物。【方法】采用无菌解剖组织划线分离法分离致病菌,通过人工感染试验、菌体和菌落形态观察、API20E系统鉴定、16S r RNA基因序列分析,确定分离菌的致病性及分类地位,并对该菌进行药物敏感性试验。【结果】从患病濒死牛蛙体内分离细菌NWG20141026,通过形态特征观察、生理生化试验、API 20E系统鉴定和16S r RNA基因序列相似性分析,认为NWG20141026菌株为普通变形菌(Proteus vulgaris)。人工感染试验显示,NWG20141026菌株不仅可以通过皮肤伤口感染引起蛙体表溃疡溃烂病症,也可通过消化道感染引起蛙肠炎病。药敏实验结果表明,氟苯尼考、四环素、多西环素、萘啶酸、磺胺异噁唑、恩诺沙星、红霉素等7种药物对普通变形菌具有较好的抑杀菌作用。【结论】引起牛蛙(R.catesbeiana)皮肤溃疡病症的致病菌NWG20141026为普通变形菌(P.vulgaris),所患疾病命名为牛蛙变形菌病。普通变形菌对健康牛蛙具有较强致病性,氟苯尼考、四环素、多西环素、萘啶酸、磺胺异噁唑等5种药可作为防治牛蛙变形菌病的候选药物。     

竹鼠源致病性大肠杆菌分离鉴定与耐药情况分析

【背景】随着竹鼠养殖业不断发展,人工养殖技术的限制导致细菌性疾病不断发生,其中大肠杆菌病成为防治的重点。【目的】分离导致四川绵阳某规模化竹鼠养殖场竹鼠死亡的病原菌,对病原菌进行遗传进化分析和耐药情况分析,为竹鼠细菌性疾病防治提供案例支撑。【方法】采用形态学观察与16SrRNA基因序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定,并进行病理组织学观察、遗传进化分析、药敏试验和耐药基因分析。【结果】从竹鼠肝脏中分离到一株致病性大肠杆菌,病理组织切片可见肺脏、肝脏、肾脏病变严重,脾脏组织病变程度不大;药敏试验表明该株大肠杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素、大观霉素、氨苄西林、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、多粘菌素、四环素、多西环素等10种药物高度敏感,对左氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、新霉素、红霉素、氟苯尼考、复方新诺明等7种药物耐药;该菌携带氨基糖苷类耐药基因[aac(3)-II、aph(3′)-II]和氯霉素类耐药基因(cmlA、floR)。【结论】该竹鼠养殖场疾病由致病性大肠杆菌导致,该株致病性大肠杆菌携带氨基糖苷类耐药基因和氯霉素类耐药基因。     

急性腹泻患者类志贺邻单胞菌流行及药物敏感性分析

目的了解类志贺邻单胞菌在急性腹泻患者中的分布及对常用抗菌药物的敏感性,为疾病的预防和临床治疗提供依据。方法收集2012年6月至2013年12月期间浙江省4家医院急性腹泻患者病例,采用常规微生物检验程序对常见肠道致病菌进行分离培养及检测。分离到的类志贺邻单胞菌采用K-B法进行药物敏感性试验。结果收集1 640例病例,共分离到类志贺邻单胞菌共41株,检出率为2.5%,占所有分离菌株的7.5%,居细菌性病原第四。41例病例中,男女检出率分别为2.6%和2.4%,差异无统计学意义;患者半数以上分布在18~44岁;每月均能够分离到类志贺邻单胞菌,其中夏季(6-8月)分离率最高,达3.9%。类志贺邻单胞菌对氨苄西林耐药率高达89.3%,对阿米卡星、复方新诺明、庆大霉素耐药率分别在30%~50%,未出现对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、亚胺培南及美罗培南耐药株。结论类志贺邻单胞菌是沿海地区夏秋季腹泻较为常见的病原菌之一,是临床肠道感染中不可忽视的病原。     

类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株及其多糖的研究

类志贺邻单胞菌O17血清型与宋内氏痢疾志贺氏菌的脂多糖结构一致,类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株属于O17血清型。实验中通过对该菌株培养特性、生化特征、免疫学特性的研究,证明其完全符合类志贺邻单胞菌特性。多糖的研究证明,类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株的O-特异性多糖无论从化学结构,还是免疫学特性上,都与宋内氏I相菌的一致。因此,类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株可以用以研究宋内氏痢疾多糖蛋白质结合疫苗。     

鳖源铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及多位点序列与全基因组分析

【目的】查明引起湖北仙桃某中华鳖养殖场中华鳖发病死亡的病原及其特征。【方法】本研究分离患病中华鳖的病原,并结合形态特征、生理生化试验、16SrRNA基因鉴定,鉴定分离菌株;通过人工回归感染试验、药敏试验、全基因组测序与分析对分离菌株的致病性和耐药性进行研究;通过多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence type,MLST)分析,对分离菌株的流行情况进行探究。【结果】从患病中华鳖肝脏等部分分离到3株优势菌株HX8、FG10和GC20,16SrRNA基因同源性和生化特征分析鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。回归感染试验证实该菌株是引起本次中华鳖患病的病原菌。3株分离株的药敏实验结果基本一致,均对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星等8种抗生素敏感,对氟苯尼考、多西环素、磺胺异恶唑等6种抗生素耐药。MLST鉴定表明,3株分离株均属于序列型(sequencetype,ST)252型,eBURST分析进一步显示ST252型与一些ST共同构成了克隆复合体(clonal complexes,CC) CC252,且ST252是CC252的原始序列型(founder ST)...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.