蚯蚓新钙结合蛋白(NCBP)的二级结构及Ca~(2+)、Tb~(3+)离子的影响

应用红外光谱技术定量测定了水化膜中蚯蚓新钙结合蛋白（ＮＣＢＰ）的二级结构及在不同比例Ｃａ２＋、Ｔｂ３＋离子的作用下其二级结构的变化。结果表明,ＮＣＢＰ中α－ｈｅｌｉｘ含量较低而β－ｓｈｅｅｔ的含量较高,且随不同比例金属离子的加入,１６２９ｃｍ－１处β－ｓｈｅｅｔ峰的变化较明显。同时发现,ＮＣＢＰ具有钙结合蛋白家族特征的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ现象,但不具有激活ＰＤＥ靶酶的活性,初步认为,ＮＣＢＰ含有与Ｃａ２＋浓度相关的特殊的结构和功能。另外,高浓度下Ｔｂ３＋的结合引发ＮＣＢＰ的分子间聚合,提示对稀土元素的使用要慎重     

羟墓自由基引起神经细胞［Ca~（2＋）］i增高的机制和Ebselen的抑制作用

用Ｆｕｒａ－２显微荧光测量技术研究了羟基自由基对单个皮层神经细胞内游离钙离子浓度［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ影响和硒化合物Ｅｂｅｌｅｎ对［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的抑制作用。结果表明羟基自由基的作用首先引起胞内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ以时间常数τ＝３８９５．４±５０７．２Ｓ速度缓慢增加,然后加入了以τ＝４２０．６±１２２．０Ｓ的外钙大量涌入。钙通道阻断剂、疏基还原剂、疏基还原制和自由基清除剂对羟基自由基损伤作用的影响提示外钙的大量涌入部分与通道的开放有关,疏基损伤在羟基自由基引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高中起着重要的作用。具有类谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性的小分子硒化合物Ｅｂｓｅｌｅｎ（１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）抑制羟基自由基引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高,推测它可以抑制钙库的释放或促进内钙的外排以及抑制外钙的流入。     

pH改变对心肌细胞内Ca~(2 )浓度和细胞长度的影响

目的 :探讨细胞内 pH(pHi)改变对心肌细胞内Ca2 浓度 ([Ca2 ]i)和细胞长度的影响。方法 :心肌细胞内分别灌注 2 0mmol/L丙酸钠和 15mmol/LNH4Cl,建立细胞内酸碱中毒模型。荧光指示剂indo 1和SNARF 1载入大鼠心肌细胞内 ,用荧光显微镜同时测定心肌 [Ca2 ]i、pHi 和细胞长度。结果 :细胞内酸中毒早期 ,收缩期和舒张期[Ca2 ]i 轻度增加 ,细胞缩短 (CS)降低 ,细胞长度增加 ,心肌纤维对Ca2 的敏感性和CS/ [Ca2 ]i 降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;碱中毒时 ,收缩期和舒张期 [Ca2 ]i 均较对照组降低 ,CS增加 ,细胞长度变短 ,心肌纤维对Ca2 的敏感性和CS/[Ca2 ]i 增加 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :酸中毒早期 [Ca2 ]i 和细胞长度增加 ,碱中毒时 [Ca2 ]i和细胞长度降低。酸、碱中毒对Ca2 敏感性的影响并非线性关系 ,即单位 pHi变化时酸中毒对敏感性的影响较碱中毒小     

Na^＋／Ca^2＋交换抑制剂在大鼠海马缺氧损伤中的作用

本文以大鼠离体海马脑片和分散培养的海马神经元为标本,分别采用微电极记录技术和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜动态监测单个神经元［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的方法,研究Ｎａ＋／Ｃａ２＋交换抑制剂Ｂｅｎｚａｍｉｌ对缺氧后海马脑片损伤以及海马神经元［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ变化的影响。结果显示,预先用Ｂｅｎｚａｍｉｌ（５０μｍｏｌ）灌流的海马脑片缺氧后ＰＶ持续时间较对照组显著延长,提示其可延缓海马不可逆缺氧损伤的发生;共聚焦测［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ实验进一步发现,急性缺氧可诱导海马神经元［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ迅速升高,而Ｂｅｎｚａｍｉｌ（２０μｍｏｌ）能显著抑制缺氧引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高。上述结果表明,抑制神经元Ｎａ＋／Ｃａ２＋交换活动可提高海马脑片抗缺氧能力,其作用机制可能与抑制缺氧所致神经元［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高有关,由此推测Ｎａ＋／Ｃａ２＋交换体参于大鼠海马脑区缺氧损伤,它可能是导致缺氧后神经元［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高的重要途径之一     

G蛋白调节剂对梨花粉萌发及花粉胞内Ca2+浓度变化的影响

用激光共聚焦技术研究了异三聚体G蛋白活性调节剂对梨花粉萌发、花粉管生长及花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度动态的影响。结果表明：异三聚体G蛋白激活剂霍乱毒素(CTX)可促进梨花粉萌发与花粉管生长,而其抑制剂百日咳毒素(PTX)则抑制花粉萌发与花粉管生长;霍乱毒素处理后,花粉细胞内产生特异性的“钙瞬变”信号,而百日咳毒素处理后则引起花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度的持续下降。这表明：异三聚体G蛋白可能参与了梨花粉萌发与花粉管生长的调控过程,G蛋白的活性变化对花粉萌发的效应可能是通过调控花粉细胞内游离Ca^2 浓度的动态变化产生特异性的钙信号来实现的。     

药物诱导后的人大肠癌细胞的[Ca^2＋]i的变化

采用荧光分光光度计法检测维甲酸（ＲＡ）、１,２５（ＯＨ）２ＶＤ３及佛波酯（ＰＭＡ）诱导ＣＣＬ２２９细胞分化后［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ变化,并观察内质网（ＥＲ）特异的Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ抑制剂Ｔｈａｐｓｉｇａｒｇｉｎ（ＴＧ）、ＩＰ３受体抑制剂Ｈｅｐａｒｉｎ对ＲＡ诱导［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ变化的影响,从而探讨ＲＡ诱导［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ变化与ＥＲ的关系。结果显示：ＲＡ和１,２５（ＯＨ）２ＶＤ３在数秒内引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ显著升高。在ＥＧＴＡ和Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ预处理细胞条件下,ＴＧ不能抑制ＲＡ引起Ｃａ２＋从细胞内钙池中外流,ＲＡ作用后ＴＧ仍能升高［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ。另外,Ｈｅｐａｒｉｎ也不能完全抑制ＲＡ升高［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ。提示ＲＡ诱导大肠癌细胞升高［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ可能通过ＥＲ上ＩＰ３敏感性和非敏感性钙池,亦可能细胞内存在除ＥＲ外对ＲＡ敏感的钙池。     

Development of Polyclonal Anti-D2 Dopamine Receptor Antibodies to Fusion Proteins: Inhibition of D2 Receptor–G Protein Interaction

Abstract: Portions of the cDNA encoding the third intracellular loop (i3 loop) of the long and short isoforms of the rat D2 dopamine receptor were subcloned into the vector pNMHUBpoly and expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins. The fusion proteins were gel-purified and used to immunize rabbits for the production of polyclonal anti-receptor antisera. The anti-fusion protein antisera recognized synthetic peptides corresponding to segments of the i3 loops of D2 dopamine receptors in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Antisera were tested in an immunoprecipitation assay using the reversible D2 antagonist [¹²⁵I]NCQ 298 and digitonin-solubilized extracts of canine and rat caudate. [¹²⁵I]-NCQ 298 bound reversibly and with high affinity (K_D= 0.14 n M ) to receptors in solubilized extracts enriched by chromatography on heparin-agarose. The anti-UBI-D2i3_L and anti-UBI-D2i3_s antisera were able to immunoprecipitate quantitatively D2 dopamine receptors labeled with [¹²⁵I]NCQ 298 from solubilized rat caudate. The antibodies were tested for their ability to affect the coupling of D2 dopamine receptors to GTP-binding proteins in digitonin-solubilized rat caudate. Both anti-UBI-D2i3_L and anti-UBI-D2i3_s antisera were able to inhibit the high-affinity binding of the agonist N -propylnorapomorphine to digitonin-solubilized rat caudate. These findings indicate that the i3 loop of the D2 dopamine receptor is an important determinant for coupling of the G protein.     

Monitoring ligand-mediated internalization of G protein-coupled receptor as a novel pharmacological approach

Agonist activation of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) results in the redistribution of the receptor protein away from the cell surface into internal cellular compartments through a process of endocytosis known as internalization. Visualization of receptor internalization has become experimentally practicable by using fluorescent reagents such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). In this study, we examined whether the ligand-mediated internalization of a GPCR can be exploited for pharmacological evaluations. We acquired fluorescent images of cells expressing GFP-labeled GPCRs and evaluated the ligand-mediated internalization quantitatively by image processing. Using beta2-adrenoceptor and vasopressin V1a receptor as model GPCRs that couple to Gs and Gq, respectively, we first examined whether these GFP-tagged GPCRs exhibited appropriate pharmacology. The rank order of receptor internalization potency for a variety of agonists and antagonists specific to each receptor corresponded well with that previously observed in ligand binding studies. In addition to chemical ligand-induced internalization, this cell-based fluorescence imaging system successfully monitored the internalization of the proton-sensing GPCR TDAG8, and that of the free fatty acid-sensitive GPCR GPR120. The results show that monitoring receptor internalization can be a useful approach for pharmacological characterization of GPCRs and in fishing for ligands of orphan GPCRs.