濒危植物香果树种子萌发特性研究

论文研究了濒危植物香果树(Emmenopterys henryi)种子萌发特性.通过室内萌发实验初步检测了香果树种子的休眠,采用靛蓝检验法检测了生活力,通过室内室外条件的贮藏检验了种子寿命,通过人工气候箱研究了萌发对温度、光强条件(9—24℃,500—9000 lx交互)的响应.结果表明:香果树果实成熟后,种子无明显的...     

皇后葵及香棕种子休眠机理与催芽技术探讨

本文以生产上发芽不整齐的皇后葵和香棕种子为材料,研究棕榈科植物种子的休眠机理及催芽技术。试验结果表明,皇后葵及香棕的果肉及胚乳中均含有发芽抑制物质,同一植株的种子发芽率及发芽力的差别还与种子的成熟度有关,用GA₃100mg/L或NAA 100mg/L浸种有利于提高发芽率。     

木本植物种子综合特征与催芽促进类型相关性的研究

木本植物种子的形态、解剖特征、大小、科属与催芽促进类型之间存在着五种相关性,即无胚乳的胚根裸露型种子－用低温或低温层积（０～５℃）处理;胚未分化或极细小或深休眠的种子－用低温（０～１０℃）与高中温相结合处理;硬实种子及种皮障碍型种子－用热沸水浸种、化学药剂、机械破碎、干湿交替、细菌侵入、隔年埋藏等处理方法;小粒型种子－直播、变温或激素处理;直播即可发芽的种子－常温下（１０～２５℃）时,满足其必要的     

加快橦棕种子萌发和幼苗生长的研究

Ｄｏｎｇ棕种子萌发和幼苗生长十分缓慢,为了探索加快了萌发和细菌生长的方法,对Ｄｏｎｇ棕种子进行不同处理、不同时间催芽和催芽后不同处理等试验,结果表明：⑴生长调节剂３号ＡＢＴ生根粉、吲哚丁酸和２,４－Ｄ可提高种子萌发率,促进幼苗生长。⑵播种前催芽可促使种子提前萌发,延长幼苗生长期,使当年生苗更粗壮;贮藏３个月后催芽可提高１０％－１５％的发芽率。⑶催芽后用５０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的３号ＡＢＴ生根粉     

风箱果种子催芽技术研究

以风箱果自然种群成熟的种子为研究对象,对种子的生活力和催芽方法进行了研究,结果表明：TTC染色法测得风箱果种子的生活力达到94.44%;清水浸种处理的发芽势和发芽率均较低,以浸种48 h的效果较好,发芽率为28.33%;不同化学药剂处理均能不同程度的提高发芽率,其中50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+4%KNO₃的混合药剂处理72 h的萌发效果最好,发芽率达到90%;100和200 mg·L^-1 GA₃能极显著提高发芽势（P<0.01）;低温处理28 d能显著提高发芽势和发芽率（P<0.05）。     

光质对香果树种子萌发及幼苗生长影响的研究

研究了光质对香果树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。设置940 nm（远红光）、850 nm（远红光）、730 nm（远红光）、630 nm（红光）、610 nm（橙光）、590 nm（黄光）、525 nm（绿光）、460 nm（蓝光）8个光质处理及自然光对照,研究其种子萌发对光质的响应,设置730、630、610、590、525和460 nm六个光质处理,研究其幼苗生长对光质的响应。结果表明,940及850 nm下无种子萌发,730 nm处理下萌发率仅为1.33%。525 nm下香果树种子萌发率显著高于其他处理及自然光对照,自然光下与630、590 nm下香果树种子最终萌发率无显著差异。可见光中,460及610 nm下香果树种子最终萌发率显著低于其他处理;实验120 d时香果树幼苗干重为590 nm > 630 nm > 610 nm > 730 nm > 525 nm > 460 nm。120 d时,590 nm下香果树幼苗干重显著高于其他光质处理。香果树幼苗的相对质量增长速率,在30~90 d间630 nm显著高于其他处理,在90~120 d间590 nm下显著高于其他处理,在120~150及150~180 d间460 nm下显著高于其他处理。实验30 d时,根重比在0.17~0.25,处理间无显著差异,150 d时,460 nm下根重比显著高于其他处理。实验30 d时,730 nm下茎重比显著高于其他处理。实验30 d时,各处理香果树叶重比在0.53~0.68,处理间无显著差异。     

九里香种子脱水耐性和萌发生理的研究

九里香种子自花后 42～ 77d,含水量和电导率逐渐降低 ,种子干重、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数逐渐增加。硅胶脱水 1～ 6d后 ,种子含水量下降 1 0 %～ 3 5 % ,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均有不同程度的降低 ,不同发育时期九里香种子的脱水耐性有别 ,花后 42～ 70d不断增强 ,77d有所减弱。花后 70d的种子含水量降至 1 0 % ,种子发芽率无明显降低 ;含水量为 9%的种子在 4°C和 2 0°C的低温条件贮存 3 0d和 42d ,多数种子仍能萌发 ,这表明九里香种子是一种正常型种子。光照能促进种子的萌发 ;在 2 0～ 3 0°C、室温和 2 0 /3 0°C变温条件下种子萌发较好 ;光照和温度对种子萌发有单独影响 ,但又相互作用 ,同时光照对萌发的影响还与种子含水量有关。     

加快棕种子萌发和幼苗生长的研究

棕种子萌发和幼苗生长十分缓慢 ,为了探索加快种子萌发和幼苗生长的方法 ,对棕种子进行不同处理、不同时间催芽和催芽后不同处理等试验 ,结果表明 :(1)生长调节剂 3号 ABT生根粉、吲哚丁酸和 2 ,4 - D可提高种子萌发率 ,促进幼苗生长。 (2 )播种前催芽可促使种子提前萌发 ,延长幼苗生长期 ,使当年生苗更粗壮 ;贮藏 3个月后催芽可提高 10 %～ 15%的发芽率。 (3)催芽后用 50 mg/ L和 10 0 mg/ L的 3号 ABT生根粉、或者 10 0 mg/ L的萘乙酸浸泡都可以提高幼苗出土率 ,但对幼苗生长没有明显影响。     

黄精种子萌发及组培技术研究

研究了不同的激素对多花黄精种子的萌发及组培的影响。研究结果表明:多花黄精种子萌发的最佳激素条件为6-BA 180.0 mg/L+GA_3 60.0 mg/L,两种激素可能有交互作用;多花黄精块茎外植体的最佳灭菌时间为12 min;最佳诱导外植体愈伤组织培养基为:6-BA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L+MS,低浓度的6-BA利于多花黄精块茎愈伤诱导;最佳诱芽培养基为:6-BA 6.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+MS和6-BA 4.0 mg/L+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+MS,低浓度的TDZ对不定芽的诱导和生长有促进作用;最佳生根培养基为:IBA 1.0 mg/L+1/2MS,但是过高浓度的IBA会抑制根的诱导。通过多花黄精的繁殖技术的研究,以期为多花黄精的快繁提供技术支持。     

甘肃萱草属种子微形态及其分类学意义

采用扫描对甘肃萱草属（Hemerocallis)6种的种子微形态特征进行了研究,结果表明,该属植物种子微形态特征在种的水平上具有一定的分类学意义。     

Action spectra for light-induced germination in dormant lettuce seeds

Fluence response curves for red light-induced germination of thermodormant (TD) seeds of Lactuca sativa L. show two regions that differ in their light sensitivity. In the region of high sensitivity, the germination responses differ between seed batches and can be altered by dark storage or far red irradiation. Induction of germination in far red dormant (FRD) seeds requires far higher fluences. Action spectra for induction to 60% germination were determined for these various response types. Spectra for the regions of low sensitivity response are similar for TD and FRD seeds. In comparison, the action spectrum for the highly sensitive response in TD seeds is significantly shifted to longer wavelengths. Analogous differences exist in the action spectra for far red reversal of the red induced germination responses. Germination induction in the low sensitivity region shows repeated red-far red reversibility. Far red reversal of red induction in the high sensitivity region does not saturate even at the highest far red fluences available and requires increased red fluences for subsequent reinduction. A model quantitatively accounting for these observations is presented. It is pointed out that action spectra of processes involving photoreversible pigments with partly overlapping absorption spectra in general are not identical with the absorption spectra of the partners. They should depend upon the degree of phototransformation required to elicit a given physiological response. In the case of induction of lettuce seed germination the observed action spectra can be interpreted as reflecting different requirements for P _fr of the various response types. Our results do not necessitate the assumption of spectroscopically different forms of phytochrome in these seeds.Abbreviations TD thermodormant - FRD far red dormant - P phytochrome - P _r red absorbing form of P - P _fr far red absorbing form of P     

Lipases in the storage tissues of peanut and other oil seeds during germination

The castor-bean endosperm-the best-studied material of reserve lipid hydrolysis in seed germination-was previously shown to have an acid lipase and an alkaline lipase having reciprocal patterns of development during germination. We studied oil seeds from 7 species, namely castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), cotton (Gossypisum hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays. L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The storage tissues of all these oil seeds except castor bean contained only alkaline lipase activity which increased drastically during germination. The pattern of acid and alkaline lipases in castor bean does not seem to be common in other oil seeds. The alkaline lipase of peanut cotyledons was chosen for further study. On sucrose gradient centrifugation of cotyledon homogenate from 3-d-old seedlings, about 60% of the activity of the enzyme was found to be associated with the glyoxysomes, 15% with the mitochondria, and 25% with a membrane fraction at a density of 1.12 g cm^-3. The glyoxysomal lipase was associated with the organelle membrane, and hydrolyzed only monoglyceride whereas the mitochondrial and membrane-fraction enzymes degraded mono-, di- and triglycerides equally well. Thus, although the lipase in the glyoxysomes had the highest activity, it had to cooperate with lipases in other cellular compartments for the complete hydrolysis of reserve triglycerides.     

Growth physics and water relations of red-light-induced germination in lettuce seeds

Red light (R) and gibberellins (GA) each induce a water potential decrease in the axes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) embryos resulting in germination of intact seeds (achenes) or an increase in growth of the axes of isolated embryos. The fruit coat and endosperm are a substantial barrier to the penetration of exogeneous GA. Isolated embryos take up 35 times as much [³H]GA₁ as the embryos of intact seeds and respond to less than 1·10^-10 M GA₃ or GA₄₊₇. We calculated that only 1·10^-8 M of either GA₃ or GA₄₊₇ would result in 50% germination if the GA were able freely to penetrate the fruit coat. Exogenous GA₃ or GA₄₊₇, at concentrations insufficient to cause germination, result in an apparent synergistic promotion of germination when suboptimal R is applied. Yet suboptimal concentrations of exogenous GA₃ or GA₄₊₇ and suboptimal R result in only additive increases in the growth response in axes of isolated embryos. Dose-response curves demonstrate quantitative increases in the growth response of the isolated axes after R or GA treatments insufficient to induce germination in intact seeds, indicating that a threshold potential must be achieved by the embryonic axes before germination can occur.Abbreviations FR far=red light - GA gibberellin - PEG poly-ethylene glycol 4000 - P_fr far-red-absorbing phytochrome - R red light III.=Carpita et al. 1979b; IV.=Carpita et al. 1979c     

The growth physics and water relations of red-light-induced germination in lettuce seeds

Using lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv. Grand Rapids) embryos in osmotica, we have demonstrated that when the growth rates of the embryonic axes of seeds treated with red (R) or far-red (FR) light are equalized, the axes of R-treated seeds develop a 3.4-bar decrease in water potential (paper No. III).As axial growth begins, reserve protein and phytin decrease rapidly, concomitant with increases in reducing sugars, -amino nitrogen, and inorganic and esterified soluble phosphates. However, no differences between the axes of R-and FR-treated seeds are found with respect to the changes in these compounds, indicating that these changes arise as a result of growth and are not under immediate phytochrome control. Little change in the total lipid content is found in either treatment. The axes of FR-treated seeds hydrolyze endogenous sucrose at a greater rate thant those of R-treated seeds. Axes of R-treated seeds accumulate K⁺ and Na⁺ to a greater extent than those of FR-treated seeds. When potassium salts are added to the incubation medium, R induces increased K⁺ uptake by the axis and greater medium acidification by the axis. Malate and other organic acids and acidic amino acids increase at equal rates in both treatments, indicating that inorganic anions may also be taken up to balance the ionic charges. The results are compatible with the assumption that changes in the osmotic and pressure potentials of the embryonic axes of R-treated seeds are the result of a phytochrome-stimulated proton pump which, in whole dormant seeds, would initiate water-potential changes allowing the embryos to overcome the mechanical restraint of the surrounding seed layers, resulting in germination.Abbreviations FR far-red light - PEG polyethylene glyeol 4000 - Pfr far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome - R red light III=Carpita et al. 1979     

镰叶西番莲的化学成分

从镰叶西番莲（Passiflora wilsonii）的腾茎中分离到6个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别确定为：glut-5-en-3β-ol（I）、maslinic acid(Ⅱ）,friedelin(Ⅲ）,ergosterol epidioxide(Ⅴ）和β-谷甾醇（Ⅳ）。以上化合物均为首次从镰叶西番莲的腾茎中分离得到。     

Relationships between position on the parent plant and germination characteristics of seeds of parsley (Petroselinium crispum Nym.)

The percentage germination of seeds of parsley cv. Imperial Curled was higher in the light than in the dark, the high temperature limits for germination being 30 and 28°C for light and dark respectively. At the higher temperatures, the germination rate was slower in the dark. At 30°C, treatment with a gibberellin A_4/7 mixture at 2 × 10^–4 M partially alleviated the inhibiting effect of darkness on the germination percentage. Pre-incubation of parsley seeds at 35°C in the dark for 30 h increased the rate, but decreased the percentage, of germination of seeds incubated at 15°C in the light. Germination and seedling emergence studies were made on seed harvested from four different umbel positions. Although heavier seeds were produced from primary umbels than from other umbel orders, they were less viable as measured by seedling emergence in the glasshouse. The rate of emergence was decreased with increasing umbel order i.e. with later seed development: this was reflected in subsequent seedling weights, with seedlings from quarternary umbel seeds being about half the weight of those from primary umbel seeds. The upper temperature limit for dark germination was only slightly affected by umbel order, with quarternary umbel seeds being the most thermo-inhibited.Abbreviations BA N⁶-benzyladenine - GA_4/7 a mixture of gibberellins A₄ and A₇ - SD8339 6-benzyl-amino-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-9H-purine     

濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶种子休眠与萌发生理的初步研究

毛柄小勾儿茶（Berchemiella wilsonii （Schneid．）Nakai var．pubipetiolata H．Qian）为中国特有种,国家三级保护植物。TTC染色法测得毛柄小勾儿茶种子的生活力较低,仅为32％,空粒和无生活力的种子分别为28％和40％,说明毛柄小勾儿茶发育完全的种子较少。种子吸水速度试验证明毛柄小勾儿茶种皮透水性较差,不利于种子萌发时对水分的吸收,发芽抑制物的生物鉴定结果表明,毛柄小勾儿茶种子的不同部位都存在发芽抑制物,且种胚中的含量最高,不利于种子的萌发,使毛柄小勾儿茶种子处于休眠状态之中。几种不同浓度GA。溶液浸种24h的预处理可以不同程度地提高毛柄小勾儿茶种子的发芽率和发芽指数,其中300mg／L GA3的效果最显著,并且300mg／L GA3的预处理可以在萌发初期（萌发前3天）显著地提高毛柄小勾儿茶种子中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶的活性。毛柄小勾儿茶种子生活力低,且处于休眠状态,再加上与种子发芽力有关的几种酶的活性较低,致使毛柄小勾儿茶种子的发芽率较低,同时这些也是从种子萌发生理方面导致毛柄小勾儿茶濒危的重要原因。     

红火蚁对8种植物种子的选择性取食及其对种子萌发的影响

在室内研究了红火蚁Solenops isinvicta种群对玉米、绿豆、芥蓝、芝麻、番茄、水稻、藿香蓟及象草等8种植物种子的选择性取食及其对种子萌发的影响,结果表明红火蚁对芝麻种子最为喜好,且刮啃率最高（82．4％）,对芝麻、藿香蓟、象草及芥蓝种子具有较高的搬运率（分别为100．0％、72．0％、44．0％及41．6％）和丢弃率（分别为86．4％、50．4％、79．2％及88．9％）。通过观察回收种子的萌发,结果表明红火蚁对芝麻、藿香蓟和象草种子的破坏最为严重,导致其未能正常萌发的种子分别占总数的64．3％、56．0％及49．7％。因此,通过上述指标可以判断红火蚁入侵后对芝麻、藿香蓟和象草种子存在较大潜在威胁。     

柑桔种间体细胞杂种的花粉特性及贮藏研究

对粗柠檬与“哈姆林”甜橙种间体细胞杂种的花粉特性(形态、花粉量、生活力等)进行了观察、检测,并于-20℃的低温条件下开展了贮藏试验。结果表明：花粉离体萌发的适宜培养基为0．8％琼脂 16％蔗糖 10mg／kg硼酸,萌发率为15．31％,其生活力介于两亲本之间,可作为杂交亲本进一步被利用。贮藏试验结果显示：以真空、干燥(CaCl2或硅胶作干燥剂)贮藏花粉的效果较好。授粉试验证明,贮藏花粉与新鲜花粉的座果率差异不显著,说明低温、真空和干燥是贮藏粗柠檬与“哈姆林”甜橙种间体细胞杂种花粉的较适条件。