Study on four genera of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in South Korea with description of two new species

Of 16 genera of the subfamily Diplazontinae occurring in the Eastern Palearctic region, 11 were previously recognized from South Korea. In previous studies we reviewed eight Diplazontinae genera were reviewed. In this current paper, one genus, Enizemum Förster, is recorded from this country for the first time with one newly described species, E. nigrocoxatum Balueva and Lee sp. nov. Also other three genera, Homotropus Förster, Syrphoctonus Förster and Syrphophilus Dasch, are reviewed here. Here we provide key and diagnosis to eight species of Homotropus including one new species, Homotropus sepiatus Balueva and Lee sp. nov. , and key and diagnosis to two species of genus Syrphoctonus and two species of genus Syrphophilus.     

Review of subfamily Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from South Korea with six unrecorded genera and a new species

Of the 16 genera of the subfamily Diplazontinae occurring in the Eastern Palearctic region, 11 genera are recognized from South Korea. Specifically, four genera (Campocraspedon Uchida, Diplazon Nees, Syrphoctonus Förster and Woldstedtius Carlson) are previously recognized from South Korea, whereas the other seven genera are recorded from this country for the first time. A key to the 16 genera of Diplazontinae occurring in the Eastern Palearctic region is provided. Six genera of Korean Diplazontinae (Bioblapsis Förster, Campocraspedon Uchida, Eurytyloides Nakanishi, Phthorima Förster, Promethes Förster and Sussaba Cameron) are reviewed here. Species of these genera rarely occur in the Eastern Palearctic region with small numbers of collected samples (excluding genus Sussaba). Here we provide diagnosis for seven species of Diplazontinae and one new species, Eurytyloides koreanus Balueva and Lee sp. nov. , has been described.     

First record of the family Heloridae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) from Korea

As part of an ongoing study of the superfamily Proctotrupoidea, the family Heloridae Förster is recorded for the first time from Korea, based on the two species, Helorus anomalipes (Panzer) and H. ruficornis Förster. A species key to Korean Heloridae, diagnosis and digital images are provided.     

A new species of Isocolus from Spain (Hymenoptera,Cynipidae) inducing galls in flower heads of Leuzea conifera (Asteraceae)

A new species of Isocolus Förster (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae “Aylacini”) is described from Spain: Isocolus leuzeae n. sp. The new species induces galls in flower heads of Leuzea conifera (Asteraceae) and represents the first known aylacin species associated with this plant. The species is closely related to Isocolus lichtensteini (Mayr) that induces galls on stems of Centaurea aspera. Biological data on its life cycle, larva and gall are provided.     

Two new species of the genus Probles Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae) from South Korea and Russian Far East

Two species of the genus Probles Förster, P. interruptor sp . nov . and P. segaza sp . nov ., from South Korea and Russian Far East, are described. Probles interruptor differs from its congeners by occipital carina mediodorsally narrowly interrupted and polished occipital surface extending partly on the vertex. Probles segaza differs from other species of Euporizon by its robust ovipositor with a deep and narrow dorsal subapical notch.     

Review of the genus Eusterinx Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae) with descriptions of five new species from South Korea

South Korean species of the genus Eusterinx Förster are reviewed here. Nine species of the genus Eusterinx are found to occur in South Korea, and five species, Eusterinx (E.) elongata sp. nov. , E. (Holomeristus) hirtis sp. nov. , E. (Ischyracis) fulvipes sp. nov. , E. (I.) petiolata sp. nov. and E. (I.) rufithorax sp. nov. , are described. Four more species of Eusterinx from subgenera Divinatrix, Eusterinx and Holomeristus are recorded from South Korea for the first time. Hitherto, unknown male of the Eastern Palaearctic species E. (Divinatrix) kurilensis Humala is described. A key to all known species of the genus Eusterinx occurring in South Korea is provided.     

Review of the Western Palaearctic Ichneumon-Flies of the Genus Rhorus Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae). Part V. The Species with Yellow Face and Reddish Metasoma

Entomological Review - In the fifth part of the revision of the genus Rhorus Förster, 1869, the Palaearctic species with the yellow face and reddish metasoma are considered. Nine new Western...     

A contribution to the Mesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Turkey

We present a first account of the species of the subfamily Mesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) found in Turkey and give distributional records for 5 genera and 23 species. Among them, 3 genera (Cidaphus Förster, 1869; Mesochorella Szepligeti, 1911; Stictopisthus Thomson, 1886) and 20 species are new for the fauna of Turkey.     

A contribution to the knowledge of Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Iran with description of a new species

The subfamily Agathidinae was studied in parts of northern Iran. Six species were collected and identified. Among them, Cremnops desertor (L., 1758) is recorded for the first time from Iran. Lytopylus persicus Farahani & Talebi sp. n. is described and illustrated. A key to the West Palaearctic species of the genus Lytopylus Förster and an updated checklist of Iranian Agathidinae are provided.     

中国八种宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron Walker及两新种记述（膜翅目：金小蜂科）

记述8种宽缘金小蜂及其新寄主并给出了分种检索表,其中包括2新种,即喀什宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron kashiensis sp. nov. 和脉毛宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron trichon sp. nov. 及1新记录种,即同色宽缘金小蜂 Pachyneuron concolor F rster。     

Description of Aprostocetus anoplophorae n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a new egg parasitoid of the invasive pest Anoplophora chinensis (Förster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Aprostocetus anoplophorae n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is supposed to play a role as an egg parasitoid of the invasive pest, the Citrus Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora chinensis (Förster). The studies of its morphology, and rDNA sequence data, strongly indicate that this taxon differs greatly from all described Aprostocetus species, and is new to science. This species is described and illustrated. Both its systematic placement and origin are discussed.     

The genus Gottschelia Grolle (Jungermanniopsida,Lophoziaceae) in China,with a description of G. grollei,sp. nov.

Abstract

The genus Gottschelia Grolle is reported as new to mainland China, from Yunnan Province. Previously G. schizopleura (Spruce) Grolle was the only known Chinese species, reported from Taiwan. However, two further species have recently been found in the Gaoligong Shan range, Yunnan Province, G. patoniae Grolle, Schill & D.G. Long, previously known from the East Himalaya of Nepal and India (Sikkim) and G. grollei D.G. Long & Váňa, described here as a new species endemic to China, the fourth known species in the genus. The differences between the three Chinese species are enumerated with notes on distribution and ecology.     

A STUDY ON CHINESE SPECIES OF AULOGYMNUS FORSTER (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)*

Abstract This paper treats Chinese species of Aulogymnus Förster which is newly recorded from China. Four new species, A. elevatus sp. nov., A. hyalopterus sp. nov., A. insculptus sp. nov., and A. longicalcar sp. nov. are described. All type specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology. Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Family Ismaridae Thomson (Hymenoptera,Diaprioidea), new to fauna of Iran

Occurrence of the family Ismaridae Thomson is recorded for the first time from Iran, represented by a single species, Ismarus rugulosus Förster, 1850. A series of diagnostic characters and morphometric ratios for this species is presented, as well as a distribution map throughout the Holarctic region.     

Lobatiriccardia yunnanensis,sp. nov. (Metzgeriales,Aneuraceae) from Yunnan,China

Abstract

The genus Lobatiriccardia Furuki is reported as new to China, from the Dulong River valley, Gaoligong Shan range, Yunnan Province and this material is described as a new species endemic to China, Lobatiriccardia yunnanensis Furuki & D.G. Long, the fifth known species in the genus. The differences between the new species and the other members of the genus are enumerated, along with a key to all known species of Lobatiriccardia.     

Förster Energy Transfer in the Vicinity of Two Metallic Nanospheres (Dimer)

We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the Förster energy transfer process when a pair of molecules (donor and acceptor) is located nearby a cluster of two metallic nanospheres (dimer). We consider the case in which plasmonic resonances are within the overlap between the donor emission and acceptor absorption spectra, as well as the case that excludes such resonances from the aforementioned spectral overlap. Moreover, we explore the dependence of the Förster energy transfer rate on different dimer configurations (size and separation of nanospheres) and several dipole orientations of molecules. The dimer perturbs strongly the Förster energy transfer rate when plasmons are excited, donor dipole is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the dimer, and the radii of nanospheres and the sphere-gap distance are on the order of a few nanometers. In case of plasmonic excitation, the Förster energy transfer rate is degraded as the sphere-gap distance and size of the nanoparticles increase due to the dephasing of electronic motion arising from ohmic losses of metal. Also, we study the Förster efficiency influenced by the dimer, finding that the high efficiency region (delimited by the Förster radius curve) is reduced as a consequence of significant enhancement of the direct donor decay rate. Our study could impact applications that involve Förster energy transfer.     

First record of the tribe Trigonoderini (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from South Korea with descriptions of two new species

The tribe Trigonoderini (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) contains six genera (Gastracanthus Westwood, Janssoniella Kerrich, Miscogasteriella Girault, Platygerrhus Thomson, Plutothrix Förster and Trigonoderus Westwood). This tribe is recorded from South Korea for the first time. Two new species, Janssoniella albiclava Tselikh & Lee sp. nov. from South Korea and J. magna Tselikh & Lee sp. nov. from South Korea and the South Far East of Russia, are described. Eight species (Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo), G. nigrescens Kamijo, Janssoniella intermedia Hedqvist, Miscogasteriella sulcate (Kamijo), Plutothrix scrobicula Kamijo, P. trifasciata (Thomson), Trigonoderus fraxini Yang and T. nigrocephalus Kamijo) are recorded from South Korea for the first time. The keys for identification of the Eastern–Palearctic species of Janssoniella and Gastracanthus are given and photos of diagnostic characters of the new species are provided.     

The cladistics and higher classification of the Pimpliformes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

The monophyly of the ichneumonid clade Pimpliformes is established and the phylogenetic relationships of the eight component subfamilies are resolved. The clade (Acaenitinae + (Diacritinae + (Cylloceriinae + (Diplazontinae + Orthocentrinae)))) is the sister-lineage to the clade (Pimplinae + (Rhyssinae + Poemeniinae)). The Nearctic genus Cressonia Dasch is transferred to the Diacritinae from the Orthocentrinae. Tribes are not recognized in the Acaenitinae as the Coleocentrini (sensu Townes, 1971) is paraphyletic with respect to the Acaenitini. The Cylloceriinae is recognized as comprising three genera, Cylloceria Schiødte, Allomacrus Förster and Sweaterella gen.n. The Orthocentrinae, including the Helictinae of authors, is shown to be monophyletic, but the latter is clearly shown to be paraphyletic if the Orthocentrus genus-group is excluded. The Pimplinae comprises four monophyletic tribes: the Delomeristini, consisting of Delomerista Förster and Atractogaster Kriechbaumer; the Perithoini trib.n., which includes only Perithous Holmgren (= Hybomischos Baltazar syn.n.); the Pimplini, which includes the Theronia genus-group as well as the Pimpla genus-group; and the Ephialtini, which includes the Polysphinctini syn.n., a monophyletic group that previously rendered the restricted Ephialtini paraphyletic. The tribe Delomeristini is the sister-group to the clade (Ephialtini + (Perithoini + Pimplini)). The subfamily Poemeniinae is recognized as comprising three tribes: the Pseudorhyssini (trib.n.) which includes the single Holarctic genus Pseudorhyssa Merrill; the Rodrigamini (trib.n.) which includes only the Costa Rican genus Rodrigama Gauld; and the Poemeniini. The tribe Pseudorhyssini is the sister-group to the clade (Rodrigamini + Poemeniini). The phylogenetic inter-relationships of the genera of Poemeniini are resolved. A new genus from South Africa, Guptella (gen.n.) is described, and Achorocephalus Kriechbaumer is shown to be a synonym of Eugalta Cameron (syn.n.). The evolution of biological traits within the Pimpliformes is discussed with reference to the elucidated phylogeny, and zoogeographic patterns are outlined.