高强度间歇训练改善认知功能及其机制研究进展

高强度间歇训练(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)己被证明是一种省时、高效的运动策略.与传统的中、低强度有氧运动相比,它可以提供类似甚至更好的健康效益.近年来一些研究表明,HIIT可作为一种有前途的运动康复疗法来改善肥胖、糖尿病、中风、痴呆等疾病引起的认知功能受损.因此,本文综...     

载脂蛋白Eε4 等位基因与急性脊髓损伤预后的相关性

目的:探讨中国汉族人群中载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因与急性脊髓损伤(ASCI)预后的相关性。方法:采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)方法,检测2012年5月-2015年10月就诊于哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院脊柱外科的50例(男性患者35例,女性患者15例)颈段(C3-C8)脊髓损伤的中国汉族患者载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因的遗传学状态,并以ASIA脊髓损伤神经学分类标准为患者神经功能恢复情况进行评估,分析中国汉族人群中载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因与急性脊髓损伤预后的相关性。结果:在运动方面,载脂蛋白Eε4阴性的患者恢复情况显著强于载脂蛋白Eε4阳性的患者恢复情况(mean 6.1vs 3.7,P=0.04)。而在针刺觉方面,载脂蛋白Eε4阴性的患者恢复情况显著弱于载脂蛋白Eε4阳性的患者恢复情况(mean 4.0 vs 6.1,P=0.03)。在轻触觉方面,载脂蛋白Eε4阴性和阳性患者的恢复情况没有显著的差异(mean 7.4 vs 5.9,P=0.28)。结论:中国汉族人群中载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因与ASCI的预后密切相关:载脂蛋白Eε4阳性不利于患者运动的恢复,利于患者针刺觉的恢复。     

高强度间歇训练：调节骨骼肌质量及功能的新手段

近年来,高强度间歇训练（high-intensity interval training,HIIT）被认为是一种调节骨骼肌质量及功能的运动方式,但其具体作用和机制以及运动和检测中需要注意的问题尚不明确。因此,梳理HIIT与骨骼肌质量及功能的关系显得尤为重要。本文综述HIIT上调骨骼肌蛋白质合成速率和下调萎缩速率、引发肌肉重塑和调节肌纤维类型、促进血管生成和血流灌注、介导骨骼肌线粒体含量上调和功能改善、增加肌肉力量和与膳食补充的协同作用等影响骨骼肌质量及功能的研究进展,为HIIT预防和改善肌肉丢失和功能下降提供理论依据和应用策略。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与持续性植物状态的关系及其意义

研究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与持续性植物状态 (PVS)之间的关系 ,探讨PVS发生的遗传背景及其对血脂水平的影响。以 6 2名PVS患者为研究对象 ,5 5名正常人为对照 ,采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性(PCR RFLP)方法 ,分析了载脂蛋白E基因多态性 :血脂水平按常规酶法进行测定并进行统计学处理。ApoE基因多态分析表明 ,在PVS患者和正常人中观察到 5种ApoE基因型 ,分别为E3/ 3、E3/ 4、E2 / 2、E2 / 3及E4 / 2。PVS患者组ApoE3/ 4基因型频率高于对照组 (χ2 =14 .2 36 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;而E3/ 3基因型频率较对照组显著降低 (χ2 =5 .348,P <0 .0 5 )。PVS患者的ε4等位基因频率显著高于对照组 (χ2 =10 .5 33,P <0 .0 0 1) ;而ε3等位基因频率显著低于对照组 (χ2 =7.0 2 2 ,P <0 .0 1)。两组ApoE基因型E2 / 2 ,E2 / 4 ,E2 / 3,E3/ 4的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)水平之间存在统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。ApoE基因多态性与PVS有关联 ,并影响患者的血脂水平。ApoE基因多态性可能与PVS的发生和预后有关     

高强度间歇训练对小鼠抑郁行为的作用及机制

本文旨在明确高强度间歇训练(high-intensity interval training, HIIT)对抑郁的作用及其机制。用动物跑台建立小鼠HIIT运动模型,用慢性不可预测性温和应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS)制备抑郁模型,用行为学实验检测小鼠的抑郁相关行为。结果显示,HIIT运动可改善CUMS模型小鼠的抑郁相关行为。Western blot和ELISA结果显示,和对照组相比,CUMS模型小鼠海马、内侧前额叶皮层(medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC)、杏仁核中糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor,GR)蛋白表达水平下调,肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)含量增加,而HIIT运动能够有效逆转CUMS模型小鼠的这些变化。以上结果提示,HIIT运动能够产生抗抑郁作用,这为临床治疗抑郁疾病带来新的思路和手段。     

瘦素受体与载脂蛋白E基因型对肥胖儿童血脂的影响

摘要 目的：探讨瘦素受体（LEP-R）外显子突变与载脂蛋白E（ApoE）基因型对肥胖患儿血脂的影响。方法：选择肥胖儿童（肥胖组）115例和非肥胖的健康儿童（健康组）84例为研究对象,空腹12 h后抽取患儿静脉血,测定血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平。采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法及聚丙烯凝胶电泳分析LEP-R第20外显子的基因型及突变频率、ApoE基因型。结果：LEP-R基因共发现3种基因型,即G/G、G/A、A/A型。与健康组儿童相比,肥胖组患儿LEP-R基因第20外显子G A突变概率上升。与G/G基因型比较,A/A基因型肥胖儿童血清TG、LDL-C水平升高和HDL-C水平下降 （P<0.05）,G/A基因型肥胖儿童的HDL-C水平下降（P<0.05）;肥胖组及健康组儿童ApoE等位基因以ε3型常见,肥胖组儿童ε4基因检出率高于健康组儿童（P<0.05）。与ApoE基因型ε3型肥胖儿童比较,ε2型肥胖儿童血清中的TC、LDL-C水平下降,HDL-C水平升高（P<0.05）,ε4型肥胖儿童血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平升高（P<0.05）;在G/A型肥胖儿童中,携带ε4型的肥胖儿童血清中TG、LDL-C水平高于非ε4型（P<0.05）;在A/A型肥胖儿童中,携带ε4型ApoE基因的肥胖儿童血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平高于非 4型,血清HDL-C水平低于非ε4型（P<0.05）。结论：LEP-R基因型可影响肥胖儿童血脂水平,A/A型LPE-R基因儿童更易发生血脂异常。肥胖儿童ApoE基因型多变,ε4基因频率升高,且影响肥胖儿童脂类代谢,A/A型LEP-R基因同时携带ApoE ε4等位基因的肥胖儿童更容易发生血脂异常。     

12周高强度间歇性训练对人体肠道菌群的影响

[背景]肠道菌群和运动均与人体健康息息相关,但高强度间歇性训练对人体肠道菌群干预效果的认识还十分有限.[目的]探讨高强度间歇性训练对人体肠道菌群的影响,为全民体质健康及肠道菌群相关疾病的防治提供参考.[方法]招募68名志愿者进行每周3次、为期12周的高强度间歇性训练,运动前后分别获取新鲜粪便,利用16SrRNA基因高通...     

12周高强度间歇训练对大学生健康体适能、能量消耗和心率的影响

目的:探讨高强度间隙训练(HIIT)对大学生健康体适能、能量消耗和心率的影响。方法:以18～19岁男性大学生108人为研究对象,平均配对分为2组,一组为对照组,参加正常体育课;一组为试验组,在正常体育课上进行1次HIIT,课外进行2次HIIT,包含原地高抬腿、开合跳、弓步跳、立卧撑、原地深蹲、平板支撑、俄罗斯转体、俯卧背肌8个动作,每次8～10 min,共持续12周,对试验前后两组大学生的身体成分、能量消耗、肌肉力量、心肺适能和心率进行了测试。结果:与对照组相比,试验组学生心肺适能、肌肉适能、能量消耗均有所提高,其中立定跳远、静息能量消耗、总能量消耗、最大心率以及安静时心率显著升高(P＜ 0.05)。与试验前比较,试验组立定跳远、肺活量和中长跑成绩显著高于试验前(P＜0.05);试验组身体成分改善,BMI下降;静息心率降低。结论:HIIT是一种高效、安全的运动方式,花费时间少,能有效增加能量消耗,提高肌肉和心肺适能,增加最大心率和安静时心率。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与2型 糖尿病脑梗死的关系

研究载脂蛋白E (ApoE) 基因多态性与中国东北汉族2型糖尿病合并脑梗死的关系。采用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术,检测了208例个体的ApoE基因多态性,其中对照（CON）组69例,2型糖尿病无大血管病变（T2DM）组67例和2型糖尿病合并脑梗死（T2DMCI）组72例;同时测定了其中70例T2DMCI患者的血脂含量。CON组等位基因频率为：ε2 9.6％、ε3 82.4％、ε4 8.1％,基因型频率为：ε2ε3 13.2％、ε3ε367.6％、ε3ε416.2％;T2DM组等位基因频率为：ε2 10.5％、ε3 84.3％、ε4 5.2％,基因型频率为：ε2ε3 19.4％、ε3ε370.1％、ε3ε49％;T2DMCI组等位基因频率为：ε2 11.8％、ε3 84.7％、ε4 3.5％,基因型频率为：ε2ε3 15.2％、ε3ε375％、ε3ε44.2％。3组间等位基因和基因型频率的差异经检验无统计学意义。T2DMCI患者中各基因型之间的血浆总胆固醇 （TC）、甘油三酯 （TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平亦无显著性差异。在中国东北汉族人群中,未发现ApoE基因多态性与T2DMCI之间存在关联,亦未发现ApoE基因多态性与T2DMCI患者的TC、TG、 HDL-C和 LDL-C水平之间存在关联。Abstract: In order to explore the association of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism with cerebral infarction in type 2 diabetic patients of Han nationality in Northeast China , the genotypes of ApoE gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction –restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in the 208 cases, including 69 cases in control (CON) group and 67 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group as well as 72 in type 2 diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction (T2DMCI) group. Plasma lipid content in T2DMCI was also detected for 70 cases. The distribution of genotypes in ApoE gene,ε2ε3、ε3ε3 as well asε3ε4 was no significant difference in three groups (ε2ε3 : 13.2％、ε3ε3 : 67.6％、ε3ε4 : 16.2％in CON group;ε2ε3 : 19.4％、ε3ε3: : 70.1％ε3ε4 : 9％in T2DM group;ε2ε3 : 15.2％、ε3ε3 : 75％、ε3ε4 : 4.2％in T2DMCI group).The allele frequencies ofε2、ε3 andε4 were not significantly different in the three groups, either (ε2 : 9.6％、ε3 : 82.4％、ε4 : 8.1％in CON group; ε2 :10.5％、ε3 :84.3％、ε4 : 5.2％in T2DM group; ε2 :11.8％、ε3 :84.7％、ε4 : 3.5％in T2DMCI group). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), tryglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were not significantly different among the different genotypes in T2DMCI group. The study confirmed that the polymorphisms of ApoE gene are neither associated with the T2DMCI, nor with the levels of plasma lipid in T2DMCI.     

Sleep quality and high intensity interval training at two different times of day: A crossover study on the influence of the chronotype in male collegiate soccer players

The influence of the chronotype on the sleep quality in male collegiate soccer players in response to acute high intensity interval training (HIIT) performed at two different times of day was evaluated. The sleep quality was poorer in the morning-type than in the evening-type players after the evening HIIT session, whereas no significant changes in the sleep quality of the two chronotypes after the morning HIIT session was observed. The results suggest that an athlete’s chronotype should be taken into account when scheduling training sessions and to promote faster recovery processes.     

Effects of APOE, APOB and LDLR variants on serum lipids and lack of association with xanthelasma in individuals from Southeastern Brazil

Xanthelasma might be a clinical manifestation of dyslipidemia, a recognized risk factor for coronary artery disease. We investigated the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE HhaI), apolipoprotein B (APOB XbaI and Ins/Del) and LDL receptor (LDLR AvaII and HincII) gene polymorphisms with lipid profiles in 100 Brazilians with xanthelasma and 100 controls. Allele frequencies were similar in both groups. APOE, APOB and LDLR genotypes were not correlated with differences in the serum lipid profile. In individuals with xanthelasma, the APOB D allele was associated with less chance of having increased LDL-cholesterol (O.R. = 0.16, CI95% = 0.03-0.94, p = 0.042). In the control group, the APOB X+ allele was associated with less chance of having both increased total cholesterol (O.R. = 0.16, CI95% = 0.03-0.78, p = 0.023) and increased LDL-cholesterol (O.R. = 0.10, CI95% = 0.02-0.60, p = 0.012). Moreover, there was a significantly higher frequency of control individuals (68%) with elevated serum triglyceride levels, compared to patients (48%, p = 0.008). On the other hand, triglyceride levels in controls also seemed to be influenced by all other gene polymorphisms studied, an effect that might be enhanced by environmental factors.     

转基因鼠载脂蛋白E基因异常表达与血脂代谢水平的相关性

探讨载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因在转基因鼠体内的表达及其在血脂代谢中的作用.以单克隆抗体酶联免疫吸附法分别测定apoE4、apoE7转基因鼠(tg4、tg7)的血清apoE含量.用甘油磷酸化酶(GPO)法和胆固醇氧化酶(CHOD-PAP)法对转基因鼠及对照组鼠(control)的血清甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)进行测定.tg4血清apoE含量为20.3±7.2ug/dl,tg7血清apoE含量为1.8±5.4ug/dl.血清TG水平转基因鼠[tg4(19.16±0.31)mmol/L,tg7(18.15±0.46)mmol/L]与对照组鼠[(4.95±2.25)mmol/L]的差异均有显著性(p＜0.05).血清TC水平tg4[(4.44±0.04)mmol/L]与对照组鼠[(1.49±0.01)mmol/L]也表现出显著性的差异(p＜0.05).提示apoE基因异常表达影响了转基因鼠的血脂代谢.     

Effects of genetic variants on lipid parameters and dyslipidemia in a Chinese population

A number of recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified several novel genetic determinants of plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in European populations. However, it is still unclear whether these loci identified in Caucasian GWA studies also exert the same effect on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in a Chinese population. We genotyped 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine loci in a Chinese Han population sample (n = 4,192) and assessed the associations of these SNPs with metabolic traits, using linear regression adjusted for age, gender, diabetes status, and body mass index. Three variants (rs12654264, P ～ 1.7 × 10(-6); rs3764261, P ～ 7.1 × 10(-7); and rs4420638, P ～ 1.1 × 10(-3)) showed strong evidence for association with total cholesterol; four variants (rs780094, P ～ 1.8 × 10(-11); rs17145738, P ～ 5.0 × 10(-7); rs326, P ～ 2.3 × 10(-6); and rs439401, P ～ 2.2 × 10(-5)) showed strong evidence for association with triglycerides, four variants (rs17145738, P ～ 1.9 × 10(-4); rs326, P ～ 9.7 × 10(-4); rs1800588, P ～ 1.5 × 10(-7); and rs3764261, P ～ 4.3 × 10(-14)) showed strong evidence for association with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), two variants (rs12654264, P ～ 2.3 × 10(-5); and rs4420638, P ～ 3.6 × 10(-4)) showed strong evidence for association with LDL-C, and four variants (rs326, P ～ 2.8 × 10(-3); rs1800588, P ～ 6.1 × 10(-4); rs3764261, P ～ 2.0 × 10(-3); and rs4420638, P ～ 9.4 × 10(-5)) showed strong evidence for association with total cholesterol-HDL-C-related ratio. These SNPs generated strong combined effects on lipid traits and dyslipidemia. Our findings indicate that the variants that associated with metabolic traits in Europeans may also play a role in a Chinese Han population.     

Effects of human apolipoprotein E isoforms on the amyloid beta-protein concentration and lipid composition in brain low-density membrane domains

Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) encoded by epsilon 4 allele is a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE4 carriers have accelerated amyloid beta-protein (A beta) deposition in their brains, which may account for their unusual susceptibility to AD. We hypothesized that the accelerated A beta deposition in the brain of apoE4 carriers is mediated through cholesterol-enriched low-density membrane (LDM) domains. Thus, the concentrations of A beta and various lipids in LDM domains were quantified in the brains of homozygous apoE3 and apoE4 knock-in (KI) mice, and in the brains of those mice bred with beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice (Tg2576). The A beta 40 and A beta 42 concentrations and the A beta 42 proportions in LDM domains did not differ between apoE3 and apoE4 KI mice up to 18 months of age. The A beta 40 concentration in the LDM domains was slightly, but significantly higher in apoE3/APP mice than in apoE4/APP mice. The lipid composition of LDM domains was modulated in an apoE isoform-specific manner, but its significance for A beta deposition remains unknown. These data show that the apoE isoform-specific effects on the A beta concentration in LDM domains do not occur in KI mouse models.     

载脂蛋白E对低氧诱导小鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响及其机制*

目的:探讨外源性载脂蛋白E(apoE)对低氧诱导小鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)增殖的影响及其机制。方法:采用组织块贴壁法原代培养小鼠PASMCs,取对数生长期PASMCs,分常氧组、常氧+apoE组、低氧组和低氧+apoE组,常氧组培养条件为:21% O₂、5% CO₂,低氧组培养条件为:1% O₂、5% CO₂,外源性加apoE使终浓度为10 μg/ml,培养时间为48 h,重复三次。EdU掺入法检测细胞增殖情况,Western blot法检测apoE、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)和磷酸化蛋白激酶C(p-PKC)蛋白的表达。结果:与常氧组比较,低氧组PASMCs增殖率提高64.7%,PCNA蛋白和p-PKC蛋白表达分别上调69.0%和120.0%,而apoE蛋白表达下调51.0%(P均＜0.05);与低氧组比较,低氧+apoE组PASMCs增殖率降低19.6%,PCNA蛋白和p-PKC蛋白表达分别下调19.8%和103.2%(P均＜0.05);各组间PKC蛋白表达无显著性差异,常氧组p-PKC蛋白表达与常氧+apoE组的相比也无显著性差异(P均＞0.05)。结论:apoE能抑制低氧诱导小鼠PASMCs增殖,其机制可能与阻碍PKC途径有关。     

Effects of small-sided games and high-intensity interval training on physical performance in young female handball players

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of small-sided handball games in combination with handball training (SSG group) versus high-intensity interval training in combination with handball training (HIIT group) on physical performance of young female handball players during pre-competitive period. Twenty-four young female handball players, who have a 6.17 ± 1.54 years training experience and competition in the national league participated in this study. SSG group (n = 12; age 16.06 ± 0.80 years, body mass 61.27 ± 3.68 kg, body height 1.64 ± 4.7 m, body mass index 22.7 kg/m²) while HIIT group (n = 12; 16.20 ± 1.28 years, body mass 62.46 ± 7.86 kg, body height 1.68 ± 6.8 m, body mass index 22 kg/m²). Both groups applied training programs twice-a-week for 8 weeks. Before and after the training programs physical performances were assessed: Countermovement jump (CMJ), Squat jump (SJ), Sprint on 0–10 m; Sprint on 0–20 m; Sprint on 0–30 m, Throwing medicine ball and total distance covered during the Yo-YoIRT1. After 8 weeks SSG and HIIT groups significantly improved CMJ, SJ, 0–20 m sprint, 0–30 m sprint, throwing medicine ball and Yo-YoIRT1 (p ≤ 0.05). However, significantly greater improvement was achieved in Yo-YoIRT1 (m) in HIIT group (28.40%) than SSG group (17.63%). These results indicate that SSG group and HIIT group equally improve of physical performances (jump, sprint and upper explosive strength) among young female handball players in pre-competitive period.     

A pyrene based fluorescence approach to study conformation of apolipoprotein E3 in macrophage-generated nascent high density lipoprotein

Apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) is an anti-atherogenic apolipoprotein with the ability to exist in lipid-free and lipoprotein-associated states. During atherosclerosis, its function in promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages via the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) takes a prominent role, leading to generation of nascent high density lipoprotein (nHDL) particles. The objective of this study is to understand the conformation adopted by apoE3 in macrophage-generated nHDL using a fluorescence spectroscopic approach involving pyrene. Pyrene-labeled recombinant human apoE3 displayed a robust ability to stimulate ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded J774 macrophages (which do not express apoE), comparable to that elicited by unlabeled apoE3. The nHDL recovered from the conditioned medium revealed the presence of apoE3 by immunoblot analysis. A heterogeneous population of nHDL bearing exogenously added apoE3 was generated with particle size varying from ∼12 to ∼19 nm in diameter, corresponding to molecular mass of ∼450 to ∼700 kDa. The lipid: apoE3 ratio varied from ∼60:1 to 10:1. A significant extent of pyrene excimer emission was noted in nHDL, indicative of spatial proximity between Cys112 on neighboring apoE3 molecules similar to that noted in reconstituted HDL. Cross-linking analysis using Cys-specific cross-linkers revealed the predominant presence of dimers. Taken together the data indicate a double belt arrangement of apoE molecules on nHDL. A similar organization of the C-terminal tail of apoE on nHDL was noted when pyrene-apoEA277C(201–299) was used as the cholesterol acceptor. These studies open up the possibility of using exogenously labeled apoE3 to generate nHDL for structural and conformational analysis.     

Alterations in lipid homeostasis of mouse dorsal root ganglia induced by apolipoprotein E deficiency: a shotgun lipidomics study

One of the fundamental goals of lipidomics research is to identify the linkage of an individual gene with a given lipidome, thereby revealing the role of that gene in lipid metabolism, transport, and homeostasis. In this study, we have identified four apolipoprotein E (apoE)-induced alterations in the lipidome of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) through utilizing the technology of shotgun lipidomics. First, apoE mediates sulfatide mass content in mouse DRG, which is comparable to its role in the CNS. Second, apoE contributes to galactosylceramide and ceramide homeostasis in mouse DRG. Third, apoE significantly modulates cholesterol levels in mouse DRG. The latter two functions of apoE are distinct from those in the CNS. Finally, mice null for apoE have dramatically less triacylglycerol mass content in DRG which are opposite to the effects observed in the peripheral organs and vascular system. Collectively, this study identifies the specific alterations in the DRG lipidome induced by apoE knockout and suggests the potential roles of apoE in lipid transport and homeostasis in a tissue specific manner, thereby providing insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying the functions of apoE in the PNS.