生脉散对于缓解小鼠体力疲劳的作用研究

目的：研究生脉散对于缓解体力疲劳的保健效果。方法：将生脉散片剂打散后加蒸馏水配置成灌胃用的糊剂,按低、中、高剂量分组,灌胃给予小鼠生脉散30d后,按负重游泳实验的方法制备动物模型,根据负重游泳时间、血清中尿素水平、肝糖原含量及血乳酸测定结果来评价生脉散的抗疲劳效果。结果：各剂量组间的小鼠体重无明显差异,低剂量组小鼠的各项指标与对照组相比无显著差异,在中高剂量的情况下,除血清尿素未观察到显著改变外,实验组的其他抗疲劳作用指标均有明显改善,且高剂量组的改善情况比中剂量组更为明显。结论：对于接受游泳实验的小鼠,服用中高剂量的生脉散可延长负重游泳时间、提高肝糖原储备量并减少血液中乳酸积累,从而发挥缓解体力疲劳的作用。     

拟黑多刺蚁提取液可缓解小鼠体力疲劳

研究拟黑多刺蚁Polyrhachis vicina Roger提取液的缓解体力疲劳作用。采用清洁级雄性昆明种小鼠,拟黑多刺蚁水和乙醇双重提取液按8.3mL/kg.bw,16.7mL/kg.bw,25.0mL/kg.bw连续灌胃30d,测定小鼠负重游泳时间、血乳酸、血清尿素氮和肝糖原含量。结果:3个实验组及乙醇对照组小鼠负重游泳时间均显著长于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);8.3mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间显著长于乙醇对照组(P<0.01)。8.3mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠3个时点血乳酸曲线下面积显著低于蒸馏水对照组和乙醇对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01),16.7mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠3个时点血乳酸曲线下面积明显低于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.01)。乙醇对照组及拟黑多刺蚁提取液3个剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮含量均显著低于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01),16.7mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮含量低于乙醇对照组(P<0.05)。拟黑多刺蚁提取液具有缓解体力疲劳的作用。     

小鼠疲劳记录仪的研制

小鼠疲劳记录仪的研制魏明成,何青,杨一挥成都中医药大学６１００７５四川省寄生虫病防治研究所我校药学科研人员研究了一种抗疲劳的新药。为了证实药效,急需一种“小鼠疲劳记录仪”。在科仪市场反复调查,没有适用的专用仪器。一般的实验动物生理仪在小鼠受检测时活动...     

紫皮石斛总酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究紫皮石斛总酚提取工艺及体外抗氧化活性。方法：在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化紫皮石斛总酚的超声波辅助提取工艺条件,通过测定紫皮石斛总酚对超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基及羟自由基的清除率,评价其抗氧化活性。结果：紫皮石斛总酚最优提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度69%,料液比1∶40 (g/mL),提取时间31 min,在此条件下总酚提取量为1.56 mg/g,与理论值1.58 mg/g接近。紫皮石斛总酚对超氧阴离子、羟自由基及DPPH自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为19.40μg/mL、118.35μg/mL及30.75μg/mL。结论：优选的紫皮石斛总酚提取工艺合理可行,且其具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。     

内蒙古紫皮小麦紫皮性状的遗传分析

本文对内蒙古紫皮小麦进行了遗传分析。研究了这一材料的来源,普通小麦与内蒙古紫皮小麦杂交后代的细胞学特征,回交一代和杂种第二代的紫皮性状表现,以及内蒙古紫皮小麦、普通小麦和赖草的同工酶。综合研究的结果初步表明,这一紫皮小麦与国外报道的紫皮小麦材料不同。本材料是由普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)与赖草(Leymus dasystachys(Trin.) Dilger)杂交,经回交、自交后得到的,而国外报道的紫皮小麦材料是由普通六倍体小麦与四倍体紫皮小麦杂交得到的。内蒙古紫皮小麦很可能是一个异代换系,具有一对来自赖草的染色体,控制紫皮性状的基因在这对外源染色体上,其紫皮性状能稳定遗传,受控于一对显性基因。     

紫皮石斛寡糖的酶法制备及单糖组成分析

从多糖提取后的紫皮石斛（Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.）渣上分离到一株能够水解石斛多糖的菌株,为丰富寡糖食品新原料种类,对该菌株的发酵产酶活性进行分析。利用酶法制备紫皮石斛寡糖,并进行小试和中试,采用硅胶柱色谱对寡糖进行初步分离,PMP衍生化后通过HPLC分析单糖组成。结果表明,水解石斛多糖的菌株为粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）。该菌株液态发酵至第4天酶活最高,为0.1 U/μL,最佳酶解时间为24 h,粗酶液能够耐受30%的乙醇。通过粗酶液生物转化石斛多糖的小试和中试成功制备了大量的石斛寡糖,并对各组分进行了初步分离,单糖组成分析表明其主要由甘露糖组成,并含有少量的葡萄糖或果糖。通过粗糙脉孢菌酶法制备得到的紫皮石斛寡糖主要为甘露寡糖。     

蛇肽保健酒缓解急性疲劳活性的研究

目的研究蛇肽保健酒对小鼠急性疲劳的影响。方法将60只小鼠随机分为6组,分别给予药物灌胃,连续灌胃30天后,分别检测游泳前后小鼠体重变化、一次性力竭游泳时间、游泳后血清尿素氮(BUN)和全血乳酸(LA)的含量。结果蛇肽保健酒对小鼠体重增长无明显影响,能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间,减少小鼠运动时的乳酸生成。结论蛇肽保健酒能促进运动后小鼠血乳酸的清除,明显降低力竭运动后小鼠血清尿素氮的含量,有一定的抗急性疲劳作用。     

紫皮石斛花营养成分测定分析

紫皮石斛(Dendrobium devonianum)是云南省一种重要的经济作物,在其人工栽培中产生了大量的紫皮石斛花,测定紫皮石斛花的营养成分,可为其开发提供理论依据.采用分光光度法、硫酸蒽酮比色法、苯酚硫酸法、茚三酮比色法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱串联质谱法和电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定发现,紫皮...     

银染DD-PCR法筛选游泳疲劳小鼠肝脏中差异表达基因的初步研究

目的:筛选小鼠游泳疲劳相关基因,为阐明疲劳产生的分子机制奠定基础.方法:取30只BALB/c雄性小鼠,体重(20±2)g,随机分成对照组、浸水组和游泳疲劳组,对游泳疲劳组小鼠进行负重游泳致疲劳后,与其他两组同时采集肝脏组织,利用改进后的银染DD-PCR法筛选小鼠肝脏中差异表达的基因,并进行鉴定,采用BLAST软件对阳性片段进行同源性分析.结果:经反向Northern blot和测序鉴定后,获得了7条阳性差异表达基因片段(DD-ESTs),其中有2条DD-ESTs只在游泳疲劳组表达,2条呈现下调表达,另3条呈现上调表达;阳性片段中一条为新基因,登录GenBank数据库后获得登录号为AY615302.结论:利用银染DD-PCR法获得了7条游泳疲劳小鼠差异表达基因片段(DD-ESTs).     

螺旋藻对运动疲劳大鼠海马损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的：研究BDNF/TrkB神经营养信号在运动疲劳大鼠海马神经元损伤中的作用与螺旋藻改善运动致脑海马损伤的作用及其可能的机制。方法：60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为：正常对照组（NC组）、正常+螺旋藻灌胃组（NS组）、运动模型组（EM组）、运动+螺旋藻灌胃组（ES组）、阳性对照组（PC组）,每组12只。EM组、ES组和PC组采用3周的递增式跑台训练建立运动疲劳模型。NC组不施加任何干预,用作对照。NS组和ES组按每天300 mg/kg体重灌胃螺旋藻,PC组以同等体积的人参提取物（1.92 g/kg）灌胃,连续灌胃3周。实验末,用免疫组化和免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠海马BDNF、TrkB、p-TrkB蛋白表达水平,并用尼氏染色法观察海马CA1区形态结构的变化,同时观察大鼠体重等一般情况。结果：与NC组比较,EM组大鼠的体重降低,海马CA1区神经元细胞形态异常且排列紊乱,部分细胞固缩呈不规则变化,部分神经元消失不见,海马BDNF、TrkB和p-TrkB蛋白表达均明显升高（P<0.01）;与EM组比较,ES组大鼠的体重增加,海马神经元损伤得到明显改善,神经元数目和尼氏小体数量增加,神经元排列渐趋规则,形态较完整,ES组海马BDNF、TrkB和p-TrkB蛋白表达均明显升高（P<0.05或P< 0.01）,且与PC组相比,已无明显差别（P>0.05）。结论：BDNF/TrkB神经营养信号可能参与运动致疲劳大鼠海马神经元损伤的修复过程;螺旋藻补充能改善运动疲劳大鼠海马神经元损伤,其原因可能与其上调BDNF和其受体（TrkB）及其受体磷酸化（p-TrkB）蛋白表达而发挥神经保护作用有关。     

决明子水煎液复合4周游泳训练对小鼠运动性疲劳的干预作用*

目的:探究决明子水煎液复合4周游泳训练对小鼠抗疲劳能力的影响。方法:将40只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只。对照组每天灌胃20 ml蒸馏水,连续4周;运动组是在对照组的基础上增加了运动干预;决明子组每天灌胃20 ml剂量为1 mg/ml的决明子水煎液;决明子运动组在决明子组的基础上增加了运动干预,运动干预为4周的无负重游泳训练。观察小鼠的力竭游泳运动时间、RMR、SOD、MDA和GSH-Px水平。采用One-Way ANOVE对所得数据进行组间比较,多重比较采用S-N-K法。结果:小鼠的RMR、SOD、MDA和GSH-Px水平在组间存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),力竭游泳运动时间存在着极显著性差异(P＜ 0.01);力竭游泳运动时间、GSH-Px和SOD水平在不同组间的排序为对照组＜运动组＜决明子组＜决明子运动组,MDA水平的排序为决明子运动组＜决明子组＜运动组＜对照组,RMR的排序为决明子组＜决明子运动组或对照组＜对照组或运动组(P＜0.05)。结论:决明子的药物作用和运动训练的刺激都能够不同程度地提高机体的抗疲劳能力,单一手段干预时决明子优于4周游泳训练,复合干预总体上优于单一手段的干预效果。     

Hematologic and immunologic effects of pulsed microwaves in mice

Mice were exposed in the far field in an anechoic chamber to 2,880-MHz pulsed microwaves 3 to 7.5 h daily, 5 days/week for 60 to 360 h. Three experiments were performed at average power densities of 5 mW/cm2 and six at 10 mW/cm2, corresponding to averaged specific absorption rates (SARs) of 2.25 and 4.50 mW/g, respectively. Each experiment consisted of eight mice, with a concurrently sham-exposed group of eight. In two of three studies at 5 mW/cm2, there was a significant increase in bone marrow cellularity in the microwave-exposed groups compared to the sham-exposed groups. Significant differences were occasionally seen in erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet values from microwave-exposed groups, but were not consistently observed. In one of six groups exposed at 10 mW/cm2, mean bone marrow cellularity was reduced significantly in the microwave-exposed mice; in another group, the lymphocyte count was increased. In only one exposure (10 mW/cm2 for 360 h) was any significant effect noted on serum proteins: a reduction to 5.1 +/- 0.3 g/dl in the exposed versus 5.6 +/- 0.4 g/dl in the sham-exposed mice. This was due to a decrease in alpha and beta globulins, with no effect on albumin or gamma globulin concentrations. No effect on bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU) was revealed following exposure of mice to pulsed microwaves at 5 mW/cm2. In one of four exposures at 10 mW/cm2, there was a significant increase in CFU-agar colonies. No significant effects of exposures at 10 mW/cm2 were observed on in vivo and in vitro assays of cell-mediated immune functions. No exposure-related histopathologic lesions were found from examination of several tissues and organs. Results of these series of exposures of mice at SARs of 2.25 and 4.50 mW/g indicated no consistent effects on the hematologic, immunologic, or histopathologic variables examined.     

On a phenomenological model for fatigue effects in skeletal muscles

This work deals with the development and implementation of a new fatigue model for simulating fatigue effects in skeletal muscles. Basic idea of this modelling strategy is an approach that divides the fibres of a muscle into three groups: fibres in the active state, those that are already fatigued and fibres in the resting state. All fibres are able to switch between the different groups by defining adequate rates. In this way a continuous transfer of fibres between those three states has been described. Rooted on an incompressible, hyperelastic constitutive law with transversely isotropic characteristics the fatigue model has been implemented in the framework of the finite element method. Numerical examples are given in order to illustrate the ability of this model. Further, we validate the model by fatigue experiments of the rat soleus muscle. In doing so, it proves that the model is able to predict physiological observations and mechanical test results.     

Effects of physical fatigue in mice on learning performance in a water maze

We investigated the effects of physical fatigue produced by swimming exercise on learning the Morris water maze in BALB/c mice. We measured the escape latency in the maze immediately after the swimming exercise. The control group was soaked in the water but not fatigued. For easier tasks, like one with an obvious cue flag, the escape latency was not changed by exercise fatigue. However, escape latency was increased after exercise fatigue for more difficult tasks of spatial learning. These results appear to suggest that physical fatigue impaired learning performance. The effects of swimming exercise fatigue on learning efficiency were then investigated. Mice were continuously fatigued during the spatial learning period. This increased escape latency between the first and third sessions. The results suggest that learning efficiency was impaired by exercise fatigue. This system may be useful for screening new foods used to enhance brain function during exercise.     

绞股蓝提取物对小鼠运动能力的影响

目的：研究绞股蓝提取物对小鼠运动能力的影响。方法：建立动物训练实验模型,测定小鼠肝组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性、丙二醛（MDA）的活性。结果：灌服海南野生绞股蓝提取液后,服药组小鼠肝组织SOD活性显著高于各自对照组．MDA含量显著低于各自对照组。结论：海南野生绞股蓝具有较强的抗脂质过氧化损伤的作用,服用其绞股蓝可消除运动过程中产生过量自由基,保护心脏、肝脏免受自由基的损伤,对肝脏和心肌组织具有显著的保护作用。     

Comparison of the effects of irradiation and splenectomy on Babesia rodhaini infection in mice

Comparison of the effects of irradiation and splenectomy on Babesia rodhaini infection in mice. International journal for Parasitology3: 773–781. Babesia rodhaini infection was compared in irradiated, splenectomized and control mice. Although irradiation reduced the weight of the spleen by as much as 95 per cent, this reduction in size did not result in parasitaemia levels comparable to those seen in splenectomized mice, which were consistently higher. Parasitaemias were similar in irradiated and control mice, but the mean survival time in control mice was longer than that of irradiated or splenectomized mice, which were comparable. Splenectomy generally resulted in higher parasitaemias than those seen in non-splenectomized mice.Since B. rodhaini has a predeliction for invading reticulocytes, the apparent failure of irradiated mice to develop parasitaemias comparable to those of splenectomized mice, may have been due to the selective destruction of these immature red cells by irradiation.     

Behavioral effects of prenatal folate deficiency in mice

BACKGROUND: Folate supplementation decreases the incidence of birth defects such as neural tube defects (NTDs). We and others have shown that gestational dietary folate deficiency that does not produce overt NTDs can alter fetal neural histology. Accordingly, murine offspring were examined for the possible functional consequences of prenatal folate deficiency. METHODS: CD-1 mice were fed a diet of chow containing 400, 600, or 1200 nmol of folic acid/kg of chow for eight weeks prior to breeding and until GD18, at which time all dams were placed on folate-replete chow. Behavioral tests of male and female offspring included righting reflex, negative geotaxis, forelimb hanging, motor coordination, open field activity, and elevated plus maze activity. RESULTS: Of greatest significance, the adult offspring that were prenatally folate-deficient exhibited more anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze. Offspring of the 400 nmol of folic acid/kg of chow diet group exhibited significantly shorter durations in the open arms and longer durations in the closed arms. Further, these two behaviors were dose-related. There was also a trend for the prenatally folate-deficient adult mice to exhibit more thigmotaxis (wall-hugging) behavior in the open field, entering the central area less frequently than controls. There were few other differences in tested behaviors between folate-deficient and folate-replete mice. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal folate deficiency that is repleted at birth can manifest later with increased anxiety 9-12 weeks after birth.