亚历山大白蛉(Phlebotomus alexandri Sinton 1928)生态习性的观察

亚历山大白蛉(P.alexandri Sinton,1928)分布于苏联中亚细亚荒漠(彼得到谢娃,1957),伊拉克,伊朗,叙利亚,印度和北非等地的部分地区(Adler,1945,Sinton,1928,Theodor,1947)。以往国内尚无报告。1960年在甘肃河西走廊黑山湖荒漠进行白蛉调查工作时捕到这种白蛉,而且,数量相当大,故于1960年5—9月及1961年6—8月在该地对此种白蛉进行了系统的生态观察,其结果如下:     

Phlebotomus from Madagascar (Diptera: Psychodidae). II--Description of the female Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fertei Depaquit, Léger & Robert, 2002; description of the male and new data for the female Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) berentiensis (Léger & Rodhain, 1978) comb. nov

The female of Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fertei Depaquit, Léger & Robert, 2002 is described from Madagascar. The spermathecae have separated ducts, a body with an enlarged-sclerified dilatation and a deriviated large bladder with thin walls and long head. P. fertei female has the following characters: long antennal segments, pharyngeal armature with small teeth and cibarium with 15 to 30 denticles, and very long legs. Its remarkable spermatheca is closely related to that of P. berentiensis. The status of P. (Anaphlebotomus) berentiensis (Léger & Rodhain, 1978) is revised into this paper. The female is redescribed and the male is described for the first time. The latter has an unusual antennal formula (2/III-XII), a cibarium with four teeth and about 30 denticles, no tuft of setae on the coxite, four spines on the style, including a very long proximal one. Males and females were linked to each other based on morphological and molecular characteristics (second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA and ND4 gene of the mitochondrial DNA). The inclusion of these taxa into the subgenus Anaphlebotomus Theodor, 1948 is exclusively based on male characters as listed by Theodor (style with four spines, no basal lobe on the coxite, paramere with two or three branches). The very heterogeneous characters of the females do not allow their use for the definition of this subgenus, which is probably not homogeneous.     

我国首次发现自体生殖中华白蛉 Phlebotomus chinensis Newstead,1916.

吸血昆虫通常在不吸血情况下,交配后依靠自体营养进行生殖的现象称自体生殖。本文首次报告我国中华白蛉存在自体生殖现象。从现场调查和实验室观察结果表明此种白蛉自体生殖的形成可能与该种白蛉腹节内蓄积着脂肪体有着生理性联系。     

关于鳞喙白蛉(Phlebotomus squamirostris Newstead, 1923)雌蛉色板形态学的探讨

1923年Newstead氏鉴定了松山等氏 1916年 6—7月间从日本所捕到的白蛉;发现其中有一新种,定名为鳞喙白蛉 Phlebotomus squamirostris,并对其雌雄蛉做了形态描述。1928年Sinton氏(1928)研究了Newstead氏的鳞喙白蛉模式和副模式标本,进一步明确了 De Meijere 氏(1909)在爪哇岛所发现的搅扰白蛉 Phlebotomus perturbans;     

Phlebotomus sergenti (Parrot, 1917) identified as Leishmania killicki host in Ghardaïa, south Algeria

Since 2005, an outbreak of human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Gharda?a, south Algeria, was studied and one output of these investigations was the identification of two Leishmania species, Leishmania major and Leishmania killicki, as the CL causative agents. In the present study, we were curious to focus on sand fly fauna present in this area and detection of Leishmania-positive sand fly females. Sand flies (3717) were collected during two seasons using sticky papers and CDC light traps in urban, rural and sylvatic sites. Twelve Phlebotomus species were identified. Phlebotomus papatasi was dominant in the urban site while Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus riouxi/chabaudi were dominant in the sylvatic site. Out of 74 P. sergenti females captured by CDC light traps in the sylvatic site populated by Gharda?as' Gundi (Massoutiera mzabi), three ones were hosting Leishmania promastigotes. PCR-RFLP and sequencing of seven single-copy coding DNA sequences identified the promastigotes as L. killicki. Furthermore, laboratory experiments revealed that L. killicki isolate sampled from a CL patient inhabiting the studied region develop well in P. sergenti females. Our findings strongly suggest that the human cutaneous leishmaniases caused by L. killicki is a zoonotic disease with P. sergenti sand flies acting as hosts and vectors and gundi rodents as reservoirs.     

在海南岛继续发现的蛉种与新种白蛉——方亮白蛉Phlebotomus fanglianensis sp.nov.的记述

1938年姚永政、吴征鉴二氏报告海南岛有5种白蛉,即:施氏白蛉P.stantoni,鳞胸白蛉 P.squamipleuris,贝氏白蛉平原变种 P.bailyi var.campester,应氏白蛉海南变种P.iyengari var.hainanensis()和嘉积白蛉 P.kachekensis()。1956年中国医学科学院寄生虫病研究所在该岛又查见了中华白蛉P.chinensis()的雄蛉。著者于1957年4月至7月间在海南岛那大县的南丰镇和白沙县的大厦村、方亮村等地,捕获了白蛉     

Do Size and Insecticide Treatment Matter? Evaluation of Different Nets against Phlebotomus argentipes,the Vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Nepal

In the Indian subcontinent, Leishmania donovani, the parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is transmitted by the sand fly vector Phlebotomus argentipes. Long lasting insecticide treated nets (LN) have been postulated as alternative or complement to Indoor Residual Spraying but there are few field studies evaluating the entomological efficacy of different nets against this vector. We conducted two crossover trials in a VL endemic area in Nepal to compare the barrier effect of (1) LN with different mesh sizes (156 holes/inch² vs 625 holes/inch²) and (2) alpha-cypermethrin treated LN and untreated nets having the same mesh size (156 holes/inch²). Each crossover trial had two arms consisting of a sequence of two different nets for 8 nights. We used 10 cattle sheds per trial. A cow placed under the net was used as bait. CDC light traps placed inside the nets were used to evaluate the number of P. argentipes crossing the net barrier. Negative binomial generalized estimating equation (GEE) population-averaged models adjusted by night and sequence were used to estimate the barrier effect of the different nets. The crossover trials conducted in a rural village in Morang district (South-eastern Nepal) demonstrated that reducing the size of the holes in treated nets (625 holes/inch²) increased the barrier effect of LN by 77% (95% confidence interval (CI): 56%–88%) compared with treated nets with larger holes (156 holes/inch²). Treating nets with alpha-cypermethrin reduced the number of P. argentipes captured inside the nets by 77% (95% CI: 27%–93%) compared with untreated nets. The effectiveness and acceptability of finer mesh pyrethroid treated LN should be tested for VL prevention in a randomized controlled trial.     

中国白蛉种类调查之九——新疆维吾尔自治区蛉种调查及微小白蛉新疆变种(Phlebotomus minutus var.sinkiangensis n. var.)的描述

新疆维吾尔自治区的白蛉种类分布,过去尚少记录。1957年和1958年在该自治区的19个县市共捕获白蛉2,590只,经蛉种鉴定,发现有属于白蛉属(Genus Phlebotomus)的中华白蛉(Phlebotomus chinensis Newstead,1916)、蒙古白蛉(Phlebotomus mongolensisSinton,1928)、硕大白蛉(Phlebotomus major Annandale,1910)及属于司蛉属(GenusSergentomyia)微小白蛉种团(Minutus group)的一个新变种。这一新变种白蛉经定名为微小白蛉新疆变种(Phlebotomus minutus var.sinkiangensis)。     

在中国西北地区发现的两种副蛉亚属白蛉——亚历山大白蛉(Phlebotomus alexandri Sinton,1928)及高加索白蛉(P.caucasicus Marzinovsky,1917)

根据国外文献记载,白蛉属(Genus Phlebotomus)副蛉亚属(Subgenus Paranhlebotomus)的蛉种已有6种和两个变种。过去在我国仅发现蒙古白蛉(P.mongolensis Sinton,1928)一种。1958年至1961年间,我们在新疆维吾尔自治区的阿图什及甘肃省的酒泉与玉门等地的荒漠地区中发现了属于副蛉亚属的亚历山大白蛉(P.alexandri Sinton,1928),同时     

Révision du genre Perrindema Lacroix 1997 (Insecta : Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea : Melolonthidae : Pachydeminae)

La synonymie entre Perrindema Lacroix 1997, et Zanitanus Lacroix 2001, est proposée. Le genre Perrindema est révisé. Une nouvelle combinaison est établie pour Cephaloncheres lindiensis Moser 1919. Deux nouvelles espèces sont décrites du Mozambique : Perrindema quiterajoensis n. sp. et P. pembaensis n. sp. Un historique du genre est donné ainsi qu’une clé de détermination. La position systématique de ce genre au sein des Pachydemini Burmeister 1855, est discutée. La conservation de l’utilisation du nom Pachydeminae au détriment de Tanyproctinae Erichson 1847, est argumentée.     

In Memoriam: Ivan Daskalov: 1933 – 2004

Ivan Daskalov [1933–2004] was a friend who will be missed by many. Neither the quality of a man nor the concept of a friendship can be defined with words. We may only say that both will be missed.     

抗癌基因:Rb

介绍有关视网膜母细胞瘤(Retinoblastoma,简称Rb)基因研究的最新进展。已经证明Rb基因异常与某些肿瘤发生密切相关。其编码产物具有抑制细胞增殖 和细胞转化作用,可能是一个具有DNA结合活性的细胞生长负调控因子。Rb基因作为抗癌基因在肿瘤分子生物学研究中已引起人们的普遍重视。