三个品种豚鼠血液蛋白多态性的比较分析

目的比较分析白毛黑眼（WHBE）豚鼠和DHP豚鼠、花色豚鼠三个品种豚鼠在13个血液蛋白位点上的多态性。方法采用垂直板浓度和pH均不连续的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对WHBE豚鼠、DHP豚鼠和花色豚鼠的66只个体的后白蛋白（Po）、前转铁蛋白1（Prt1）、前转铁蛋白2（Prt2）、转铁蛋白1（Tf1）、转铁蛋白2（Tf2）、后转铁蛋白（Ptf）、慢α球蛋白（Sag）、红细胞酯酶（Es）、血清酯酶1（Est1）、血清酯酶3（Est3）、血红蛋白α（Hbα）、血红蛋白β（Hbβ）和白蛋白（Alb）共13个蛋白位点进行了电泳及染色,再利用电泳图谱对各蛋白位点基因频率、平均杂合度和遗传距离进行计算,然后结合聚类分析。结果 Tf1、Tf2、Ptf、Est1和Es在三个豚鼠品种中表现为多态,其中Tf1可作为识别WHBE豚鼠的遗传标记。Po、Prt1、Prt2、Sag、Est3、Hbα、Hbβ和Alb等位点在三个豚鼠品种中的表型一致。Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态分析表明,Es为DHP豚鼠的高度不平衡位点。Ptf为花色豚鼠的高度不平衡位点。在WHBE豚鼠中,Tf1为高度不平衡位点,Est1为不平衡位点。在三个豚鼠品种中,所检测的13个蛋白位点的平均杂合度的排列顺序为：花色豚鼠（0.350 1）〉WHBE豚鼠（0.339 0）〉DHP豚鼠（0.313 5）。聚类分析结果表明,花色豚鼠和WHBE豚鼠的遗传遗传距离最近（0.064 3）,DHP豚鼠与花色豚鼠的遗传距离最远（0.179 2）。结论利用这些蛋白位点可以有效鉴别WHBE豚鼠、DHP豚鼠和花色豚鼠血液蛋白的遗传多态性。     

Guinea Pig Brain Histamine N-Methyltransferase: Purification and Partial Characterization

Abstract: Histamine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8) was purified 4400–fold in 12% yield from guinea pig brain. The basic steps in the purification included differential centrifugation, calcium phosphate adsorption, DEAE-cel-lulose chromatography, and affinity chromatography on an S-adenosylhomocysteine-agarose matrix. The resulting protein was homogeneous by gel electrophoresis and was stable for at least 3 months at 80°C. It had an apparent molecular weight of 29 ,000 ± 1000 as determined by both gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 and by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The isoelectric point of the protein was found to be 5.3. The pH optima for methylation of histamine were determined to be 7.5 and 9.0; the K_ms for histamine and S-adenosyl-l-methionine were 13.57 ± 0.74 μM and 6.1 ± 0.12 μM, respectively; the K_i for S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine was 24.5 ± 1.45 μM.     

MCHR2在豚鼠大脑组织内的表达

肥胖症是当今危急人类健康的一大难题.研究肥胖的机制,并达到防御和治疗肥胖症是研究的最终目的．自2001年以来,研究发现,黑色素浓集激素受体2（melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-2, MCHR2) 与肥胖间存在紧密联系.但研究进展缓慢,主要瓶颈是没找到合适的动物模型．本课题通过对多种动物的筛选,首次发现豚鼠大脑中存在MCHR2的高度表达,并运用RT-PCR、Northern印迹和Western 印迹等方法进行了验证.这一结果为将豚鼠作为MCHR2功能研究的动物模型提供了实验依据．     

RNA 干扰沉默缺氧诱导因子1α逆转肺癌细胞耐药性

目的:观察RNA干扰沉默缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)对肺癌细胞耐药性的影响。方法:构建靶向HIF-1α小干扰RNA基因,并转染到人肺腺癌耐顺铂细胞株A549/DDP细胞中。逆转录聚合酶链反应RT-PCR)检测细胞的HIF-1α、多药耐药基因1(MDR-1)以多药耐药相关蛋白基因(MRP)mRNA变化,免疫细胞化学法观察干扰后HIF-1α、P-糖蛋白以及MRP蛋白的变化。MTT法检测不同浓度的顺铂作用下细胞死亡率。结果:HIF-1αsiRNA组中HIF-1α、MDR-1、MRP mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05),且蛋白水平也显著下降(P<0.05)。HIF-1αsiRNA组细胞死亡率较未转染组均明显增高(P<0.05),转染siRNA阴性组不影响肿瘤细胞的耐药性。结论:HIF-1αsiRNA可显著降低A549/DDP细胞中HIF-1α、MDR-1、MRP表达,从而起到逆转肺腺癌A549/DDP细胞的耐药作用。     

RNA干扰沉默缺氧诱导因子1α逆转肺癌细胞耐药性

目的：观察RNA干扰沉默缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）对肺癌细胞耐药性的影响。方法：构建靶向HIF-1α小干扰RNA基因,并转染到人肺腺癌耐顺铂细胞株A549／DDP细胞中。逆转录聚合酶链反应RT—PCR）检测细胞的HIF-1α、多药耐药基因-（MDR-1）以多药耐药相关蛋白基因（MRP）mRNA变化,免疫细胞化学法观察干扰后HIF-1α、P-糖蛋白以及MRP蛋白的变化。MTT法检测不同浓度的顺铂作用下细胞死亡率。结果：HIF-1αsiRNA组中H1F-1α、MDR—1、MRPmRNA水平显著降低（P〈0．05）。且蛋白水平也显著下降（P〈0．05）。HIF-1αsiRNA组细胞死亡率较未转染组均明显增高（P〈0．05）,转染siRNA阴性组不影响肿瘤细胞的耐药性。结论：HIF-1αsiRNA可显著降低A549／DDP细胞中H1F-1α、MDR-1、MRP表达,从而起到逆转肺腺癌A549／DDP细胞的耐药作用。     

Identification of the Adenosine Uptake Sites in Guinea Pig Brain

Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), a potent and specific inhibitor of nucleoside transport, was employed as a photolabile probe of the adenosine transporter in guinea pig brain membranes. Reversible, high-affinity binding of [3H]NBMPR to a crude preparation of guinea pig brain membranes was demonstrated (apparent KD 0.075 +/- 0.012 nM; Bmax values of 0.24 +/- 0.04 pmol/mg protein). Adenosine, uridine, dipyridamole, and nitrobenzylthioguanosine inhibited high-affinity binding. Low concentrations of cyclohexoadenosine (10-300 nM) had no effect on NBMPR binding. These properties of the high-affinity NBMPR binding sites were consistent with NBMPR binding to the nucleoside transport protein. Exposure of brain membranes in the presence of [3H]NBMPR and dithiothreitol, a free-radical scavenger, to ultraviolet light resulted in covalent incorporation of 3H into polypeptides of apparent MW 66,000-45,000, a value similar to that for the human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter. Covalent attachment of [3H]NBMPR was inhibited by adenosine, dipyridamole, and nitrobenzylthioguanosine.     

用PCR方法定量检测多药抗性基因的表达

肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的抗性是癌症有效化疗的主要障碍。人类细胞中多药抗性基因(MDR1)编码一种p-糖蛋白,后者功能是能量依赖的跨膜药物外输泵,可降低细胞毒药物在胞内的积累。定量分析MDR1表达水平可说明病人抗药能力的高低。本文应用PCR技术建立了灵敏度高、专一性好、可定量检测临床标本中MDR1表达水平的方法。对周血标本的初步检测表明:白血病化疗效果与MDR1表达水平的高低有关。     

Interaction of Human Waldenström's IgM Proteins with Guinea Pig and Human Complement1

The activity of purified human Waldenström's IgM proteins to fix complement of human and guinea pig origins was compared at different temperatures using the polystyrene latex particle-adsorption method. It was shown that the interaction of the IgM proteins with complement differed depending on the source of complement and that a pronounced heterogeneity in complement-fixing activity was observed among the IgM proteins when tested with guinea pig complement. Thus, by the use of guinea pig complement, six human IgM proteins examined were classified roughly into two groups, one having a high and the other a low activity at 3 C as well as at 37 C. With human complement, five proteins showed a rather uniform activity at 37 C. However, there was one protein with no detectable activity, suggesting the presence of non-complement-fixing protein in the IgM class. All the six proteins showed no significant activity with human complement at 3 C. No antigenic difference has been found as yet in the Fc or Cμ2 region among these IgM proteins examined.     

肿瘤MDR1基因表观遗传调控及其对宫颈癌的启示

多药耐药是肿瘤细胞化疗失败的重要原因,多药耐药基因1过度表达P-gP是产生耐药的主要机制,表观遗传通过对DNA的甲基化和组蛋白脱乙酰化的修饰来调节MDR1基因的转录.应用化学物质可以逆转MDR1基因的过度表达,提高化疗敏感性,这将为癌症治疗提供新策略,也为宫颈癌的治疗提供新思路.     

MRP基因与肿瘤的多药耐药性

在人肿瘤非典型性多药耐药机制的研究中发现了一个新的基因——多药耐药相关蛋白基因（MRP）.该基因位于人16号染色体P13∶3,编码1 531个氨基酸.其产物为多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）,分子质量190 ku,故又名p190. MRP属ABC超家族成员,主要分布在细胞的质膜上.MRP的功能可能是在能量依赖的外排系统中发挥作用.除了一些肿瘤细胞系外,MRP基因的高表达还见于一些血液系肿瘤及乳腺癌等.MRP基因的高表达还可能与某些肿瘤的复发和预后有关.     

The Roles of Variants in Human Multidrug Resistance (MDR1) Gene and Their Haplotypes on Antiepileptic Drugs Response: A Meta-Analysis of 57 Studies

Objective

Previous studies reported the associations between the ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1, also known as MDR1) polymorphisms and their haplotypes with risk of response to antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy, however, the results were inconclusive.

Methods

The Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Chinese Biomedicine databases were searched up to July 15, 2014. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects or random-effects model based on heterogeneity tests. Meta-regression and Galbraith plot analysis were carried out to explore the possible heterogeneity.

Results

A total of 57 studies involving 12407 patients (6083 drug-resistant and 6324 drug-responsive patients with epilepsy) were included in the pooled-analysis. For all three polymorphisms (C3435T, G2677T/A, and C1236T), we observed a wide spectrum of minor allele frequencies across different ethnicities. A significantly decreased risk of AEDs resistance was observed in Caucasian patients with T allele of C3435T variant, which was still significant after adjusted by multiple testing corrections (T vs C: OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.71-0.96, p=0.01). However, no significant association was observed between the other two variants and AEDs resistance. Of their haplotypes in ABCB1 gene (all studies were in Indians and Asians), no significant association was observed with AEDs resistance. Moreover, sensitivity and Cumulative analysis showed that the results of this meta-analysis were stable.

Conclusion

In summary, this meta-analysis demonstrated that effect of C3435T variant on risk of AEDs resistance was ethnicity-dependent, which was significant in Caucasians. Additionally, further studies in different ethnic groups are warranted to clarify possible roles of haplotypes in ABCB1 gene in AEDs resistance, especially in Caucasians.     

DC-CIK对K562/A多药耐药基因mdr1表达的影响

目的：体外观察树突状细胞（dendritic cell,DC）联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（cytokine inducedkiller,CIK）对K562/A细胞株多药耐药基因mdr1表达的影响。方法：采集健康人的外周血,分离出单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC）,在体外加入多种细胞因子经诱导生成DC及CIK细胞,以流式细胞仪检测其表面标志,将DC细胞内加入K562/A细胞裂解物致敏后,再与CIK细胞混合培养48小时。将致敏后的DC-CIK细胞与K562/A及K562分组培养后以荧光定量PCR检测其mdr1基因表达的情况,PBMC作为对照组。结果：RT-PCR中可见K562/A＋DC-CIK组中mdr1 mRNA表达较K562/A明显降低,经荧光定量PCR观察到K562/A内mdr1 mRNA表达为K562的10.27倍、K562/A/PBMC略低于未处理的K562/A（P〉0.05）,K562/A/DC-CIK细胞中mdr1 mRNA含量较K562/A、K562/A/PBMC少（P〈0.05）。DC-CIK细胞与细胞株混合培养后,mdr1基因表达较混合培养前明显降低。结论：实验数据显示DC-CIK可使耐药细胞株内mdr1基因表达下调。但K562与DC-CIK混合培养后该基因降低不明显,提示该基因在细胞中存在着基础表达,意义在于维持细胞内稳态。目前针对逆转白血病耐药的研究较少,需要多进行相关研究以拓宽细胞免疫治疗在逆转耐药领域的应用。DC-CIK是具有发展潜力的抗肿瘤方法。本实验将为下一阶段研究逆转耐药的机制提供依据,DC-CIK细胞免疫疗法有望成为逆转肿瘤耐药的新方法。     

DC-CIK对K562/A多药耐药基因mdr1 表达的影响

目的：体外观察树突状细胞（dendritic cell，DC）联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（cytokine inducedkiller，CIK）对K562/A细胞株 多药耐药基因mdr1 表达的影响。方法：采集健康人的外周血，分离出单个核细胞( peripheral blood mononuclear cell，PBMC )，在 体外加入多种细胞因子经诱导生成DC及CIK 细胞，以流式细胞仪检测其表面标志，将DC 细胞内加入K562/A 细胞裂解物致敏 后，再与CIK细胞混合培养48 小时。将致敏后的DC-CIK 细胞与K562/A及K562 分组培养后以荧光定量PCR 检测其mdr1 基 因表达的情况，PBMC 作为对照组。结果：RT-PCR 中可见K562/A+DC-CIK 组中mdr1 mRNA 表达较K562/A明显降低，经荧光定 量PCR 观察到K562/A 内mdr1 mRNA 表达为K562 的10.27 倍、K562/A/PBMC 略低于未处理的K562/A（P>0.05）， K562/A/DC-CIK 细胞中mdr1 mRNA含量较K562/A、K562/A/PBMC 少（P<0.05）。DC-CIK细胞与细胞株混合培养后，mdr1 基因 表达较混合培养前明显降低。结论：实验数据显示DC-CIK 可使耐药细胞株内mdr1 基因表达下调。但K562 与DC-CIK 混合培养 后该基因降低不明显，提示该基因在细胞中存在着基础表达，意义在于维持细胞内稳态。目前针对逆转白血病耐药的研究较少， 需要多进行相关研究以拓宽细胞免疫治疗在逆转耐药领域的应用。DC-CIK 是具有发展潜力的抗肿瘤方法。本实验将为下一阶段 研究逆转耐药的机制提供依据，DC-CIK 细胞免疫疗法有望成为逆转肿瘤耐药的新方法。     

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Binding Sites: Autoradiographic Distribution in the Rat and Guinea Pig Brain

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) binding sites were labeled in vitro in mounted brain tissue sections from rat and guinea pig brains with [3H]methyl TRH and localized autoradiographically using 3H-sensitive film. Regional densities of TRH binding sites were measured by computer-assisted microdensitometry. The distribution of sites in both species was highly heterogeneous. In both guinea pig and rat brains, the highest densities of binding sites were seen in the amygdaloid nuclei and the perirhinal cortex. In contrast, in other brain areas, a clear difference between the distribution of sites in rat and guinea pig was found. The temporal cortex, pontine nuclei, and interpeduncular nucleus, which contained high densities of binding in the guinea pig, were scarcely labeled in the rat. The accessory olfactory bulb and the septohippocampal area presented in the rat higher concentrations of binding sites than in the guinea pig. Other brain areas showing intermediate to low densities in both species were accumbens nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, dentate gyrus, facial and hypoglossal nuclei, and gelatinosus subnucleus of the trigeminal nerve, among others. The anterior pituitary also presented low to intermediate concentrations of receptors. The distribution of TRH sites here described does not completely correlate with that of endogenous TRH, but is in good agreement with previous biochemical data. The results are discussed in correlation to the physiological effects that appear to be mediated by TRH.     

Rat, Mouse, and Guinea Pig Brain Development and Microtubule Assembly

The development of in vitro microtubule assembly and of tubulin concentration have been studied during brain maturation in the mouse and the rat, two species which have postnatal brain development, and in one species which is mature at birth, the guinea pig. (a) The rate of tubulin assembly is very slow soon after birth in both the mouse and rat; it increases progressively with age until adulthood. In contrast, in the guinea pig this rate is maximal at birth and slower rates are seen only at foetal stages. (b) Postnatal changes in the lag period of assembly and in the minimal concentration of tubulin (Cc) required to obtain in vitro assembly are seen in the mouse and the rat; in contrast these parameters are constant at all postnatal stages in the guinea pig with longer lag periods and lower Cc values being seen only at foetal stages. (c) Maximal rates of assembly, minimal lag periods, and minimal Cc values are restored after addition of microtubule-associated proteins to foetal guinea pig or young mouse and rat preparations, suggesting that the difference in the kinetic parameters of assembly between these species depends on differences in the concentration or activity of these proteins. (d) Maximal tubulin concentrations are observed before birth in the guinea pig and approximately at day 10 in the rat and mouse. Lennon A. M. et al. Rat, mouse, and guinea pig brain development and microtubule assembly. J. Neurochem. 35, 804–813 (1980).     

Histamine Stimulation of Inositol 1-Phosphate Accumulation in Lithium-Treated Slices from Regions of Guinea Pig Brain

Histamine stimulated the accumulation of [3H]inositol 1-phosphate in the presence of 10 mM LiCl in [3H]inositol-loaded tissue slices from several regions of guinea pig brain. The level of [3H]inositol 1-phosphate increased approximately linearly, after an initial lag period, up to a time of 120 min. In the absence of lithium ions the accumulation of the 1-phosphate stimulated by histamine in cerebral cortical and hippocampal slices was markedly reduced. Lithium ions had much less effect on the response to histamine in cerebellar slices. The characteristics of the response to histamine were consistent with mediation by H1 receptors, and the affinity constants derived for mepyramine (2.3 X 10(9) M-1) and methapyrilene (1.8 X 10(8) M-1) were similar to those reported from measurements on other H1 responses in the guinea pig. The EC50 for histamine was similar in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The position of the dose-response curve for histamine in cerebral cortical slices was similar to that of the curve for the receptor binding of histamine deduced from histamine inhibition of [3H]mepyramine binding.     

多药耐药基因1C3435T多态性与癫痫耐药的关联性研究

目的：探讨我国癫痫患者P-糖蛋白基因多态性（C3435T）与抗癫痫药物反应性的关联性。方法：采用PCR--RFLP（聚合酶链反应--限制性片段长度多态性分析）的方法对156例癫痫患者外周血进行分型。其中,耐药组癫痫患者85例,有效组癫痫患者71例。结果：耐药组癫痫患者CC基因型21例,占24.70%;有效组癫痫患者CC基因型19例,占26.76%。两组比较无显著差异性。结论：本研究未发现P-gp C3435T基因型与癫痫耐药的关联性。     

多药耐药基因1 C3435T 多态性与癫痫耐药的关联性研究

目的:探讨我国癫痫患者P-糖蛋白基因多态性(C3435T)与抗癫痫药物反应性的关联性.方法:采用PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析)的方法对156例癫痫患者外周血进行分型.其中,耐药组癫痫患者85例,有效组癫痫患者71例.结果:耐药组癫痫患者CC基因型21例,占24.70%;有效组癫痫患者CC基因型19例,占26.76%.两组比较无显著差异性.结论:本研究未发现P-gpC3435T基因型与癫痫耐药的关联性.