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1.
In this brief report, we provide a perspective on an international conference “Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability-2011”, held in Baku, Azerbaijan, during July 24–30, 2011 (). At this conference, awards were given to nine young investigators; they are recognized in this Report. We have also included here some photographs to show the pleasant ambiance at this conference. (See and for more photographs taken by the authors as well as by others.) We invite the readers to the next conference on “Photosynthesis
Research for Sustainability-2013” to be held in May or June 2013, in Baku, Azerbaijan. Information will be posted at: . 相似文献
2.
3.
Pawelec G 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2000,49(4-5):276-280
Owing to the intense effort of numerous investigators, the number of tumour antigens potentially of use for clinical immunotherapy
continues to increase. At the same time, further strategies employed by tumour cells to avoid destruction by the immune system
are being uncovered. A combined onslaught to target tumour cells and prevent their “escape” will be required for successful
immunotherapy. Progress in this area was the subject of a meeting supported by the European Cancer Research Consortium “EUCAPS”,
which was held in London in February 2000. This conference was the second of a series, the first of which was summarised previously
in this journal [Pawelec G et al. (1999) Cancer Immunol Immunother 48: 214].
Received: 14 March 2000 / Accepted: 30 March 2000 相似文献
4.
H. Fernandes C. Silva R. B. Gomes A. Neto P. Duarte G. Van Oost M. Gryaznevich A. Malaquias 《Plasma Physics Reports》2009,35(10):841-846
The 3rd International Joint Experiment has been carried out on ISTTOK following the last RUSFD (technical meeting on Research
Using Small Fusion Devices) conference, held at Lisbon, in the scope of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project. This program
has allowed a great knowledge interchange among the “small” fusion devices community and, in particular, in the development
of common work-programs. This communication gives an overview of the impact of such activities. The JE have proved to be a
very useful applied forum to share knowledge and to initiate young scientists in some fields of tokamak operation and diagnostics.
Many of the ISTTOK 2008 relevant results were obtained under this scope. 相似文献
5.
Cancer Immunotherapy 2005 was the third international meeting organized by the Association for Immunotherapy of Cancer (AIC).
About 200 participants were attracted by the excellent scientific program that consisted of overview lectures from 25 international
speakers in the plenary auditorium and four guided poster sessions during both days of the meeting. The first day of the symposium
mainly focused on experience with, and new perspectives in, antibody therapy. On the second day of the meeting, organized
as a joint conference together with the Combined Research Grant “Mechanisms of Tumor Defense and Therapeutic Intervention”
funded by the German Research Council, the participants had the chance to gain deeper insights into the principles of antigen
processing and the regulation of immune responses. Further topics that were discussed mainly in the poster sessions and in
the special lecture given by M. Nishimura (Chicago, USA), were “cellular therapies” and “vaccination against cancer”. The
lectures selected for this report aim to provide an overview of the complete scientific program and give an impression of
the lively atmosphere that could be felt from the first until the last session of CIMT 2005.
C.M. Britten and C. Gouttefangeas contributed equally to this report. 相似文献
6.
C. A. Abella X. P. Cristina A. Martinez I. Pibernat X. Vila 《Archives of microbiology》1998,169(5):452-459
Two new phototrophic consortia, “Chlorochromatium lunatum” and “Pelochromatium selenoides”, were observed and collected in the hypolimnion of several dimictic lakes in Wisconsin and Michigan (USA). The two consortia
had the same morphology but different pigment composition. The cells of the photosynthetic components of the consortia were
half-moon-shaped. This morphology was used to differentiate them from the previously described motile phototrophic consortia
“Chlorochromatium aggregatum” and “Pelochromatium roseum”. These phototrophic cells did not resemble any described unicellular green sulfur bacteria. The predominant pigments detected
were bacteriochlorophyll d and chlorobactene for the green-colored “Clc. lunatum”, and bacteriochlorophyll e and isorenieratene for the brown-colored “Plc. selenoides”. Their pigment compositions and the presence of chlorosomes attached to the inner face of the cytoplasmic membrane in both
kinds of photosynthetic cells confirmed this new half-moon-shaped morphotype as a green sulfur bacterium. Both consortia were
found thriving in lakes with low concentrations of sulfide (< 60 μM), below the layers of “Clc. aggregatum” and “Plc. roseum”. The green consortia were observed in lakes where the oxic-anoxic interface was located at shallow depths (2–7 m), while
the brown consortia were found at greater depths (8–16 m). The two newly described consortia were never detected together
at the same depth in any lake.
Received: 30 April 1997 / Accepted: 17 January 1998 相似文献
7.
F. J. Gallego C. Benito 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(3):393-399
Aluminium (Al) tolerance in roots of two cultivars (“Ailés” and “JNK”) and two inbred lines (“Riodeva” and “Pool”) of rye
was studied using intact roots immersed in a nutrient solution at a controlled pH and temperature. Both the cultivars and
the inbred lines analysed showed high Al tolerance, this character being under multigenic control. The inbred line “Riodeva”
was sensitive (non-telerant) at a concentration of 150 μM, whereas the “Ailes” cultivar showed the highest level of Al tolerance
at this concentration. The segregation of aluminium-tolerance genes and several isozyme loci in different F1s, F2s and backcrosses between plants of “Ailés” and “Riodeva” were also studied. The segregation ratios obtained for aluminium
tolerance in the F2s analysed were 3 : 1 and 15 : 1 (tolerant : non-tolerant) while in backcrosses they were 1 : 1 and 3 : 1. These results indicated
that Al tolerance is controlled by, at least, two major dominant and independent loci in rye (Alt1 and Alt3). Linkage analyses carried out between Al-tolerance genes and several isozyme loci revealed that the Alt1 locus was linked to the aconitase-1 (Aco1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase-2 (Ndh2), esterase-6 (Est6) and esterase-8 (Est8) loci, located on chromosome arm 6RL. The order obtained was Alt1-Aco1-Ndh2-Est6-Est8. The Alt3 locus was not linked to the Lap1, Aco1 and Ndh2 loci, located on chromosome arms, 6RS, 6RL and 6RL respectively. Therefore, the Alt3 locus is probably on a different chromosome.
Received: 18 March 1997 / Accepted: 21 March 1997 相似文献
8.
Shoots of orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata) a member of the Rutaceae family flowered in vitro on half-strength MT basal medium containing 5% sucrose. The highest percentage
(95%) of flowering was obtained on medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l–1 N6-benzyladenine and pH 5.7. A “floral gradient” was detected among the stem internodes and root segments derived from seedlings,
with shoot and flower formation significantly influenced by position on the shoot internodes and root segments. Flower buds
originating from shoots derived from seeds but not other tissues developed into normal flowers and produced zygotic embryos.
Received: 10 December 1997 / Revision received: 5 November 1998 / Accepted: 2 December 1998 相似文献
9.
Marianne Erneberg 《Oecologia》1999,118(2):203-209
Anthemiscotula was introduced to Denmark 500 years ago, and its distribution is presently limited and in decline. A manipulative field experiment
was performed to investigate the effects of native plant competitors and native invertebrate herbivores on its performance.
Generally, both herbivory and competition treatments had great impact, and when both factors were operating, the effects were
additive for all variables except plant height. Although A. cotula showed plasticity in growth, resource allocation and flowering timing, it was unable to adjust to competition and compensate
for losses due to herbivory sufficiently to ensure and restore its achene production. This vulnerability, combined with improved
cereal cleaning techniques and thus fewer reintroductions of A. cotula seeds, may be the cause of its current decline. A. cotula responded to herbivory by prolonging its flowering period, a “bet-hedging” strategy. In Denmark this strategy is unreliable
since risks of sub-optimal conditions are much greater in August–October.
Received: 12 December 1997 / Accepted: 14 October 1998 相似文献
10.
M. A. Mazorra J. J. San Jose R. Montes J. Garcia Miragaya M. Haridasan 《Plant and Soil》1987,102(2):275-277
Aluminium concentration was analyzed in roots, stems and leaves of species growing in morichals with extreme flooded acid
soils, deficient in K, Ca, Mg and P. Mean aluminium saturation was 73%. Results seem to indicate that species depending on
seasonal changes in the Al concentration of plant compartments, could be grouped into “perennial aluminium accumulators”,
“late aluminium accumulators” and “threshold aluminium accumulators”. 相似文献
11.
M. Ludwig Ursula Bolkenius Lucia Wickert Peter Marynen Frank Bidlingmaier 《Human genetics》1998,102(5):576-581
The human amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a member of the degenerin/ENaC family of ion channels and
regulates fluid and electrolyte absorption across a number of epithelia, including kidney, colon and lung. Native ENaC has
been shown to be a multimer made up of at least three homologous subunits (α, β, γ) and mutations affecting the channel complex
have been identified in various human diseases. “Gain of function” mutations in one of the three ENaC subunits have been found
to cause pseudoaldosteronism (Liddle’s syndrome) and ENaC “reduction of function” mutations are found in patients affected
with the recessive form of pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) type 1. In this report, we describe the genomic organisation of the
humanαENaC gene. Human αENaC consists of 13 exons spanning 17 kb on chromosome 12p13 and contains at least eight Alu sequences. In addition to the intron/exon
boundaries, we have deciphered almost all the intron sequences and 475 bp of the CCAAT-less and TATA-less 5′ flanking region.
Received: 23 December 1997 / Accepted: 5 March 1998 相似文献
12.
Distribution of abundance, biomass, production and productivity of macrozoobenthos in the sub-Antarctic Magellan Province (South America) 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Distribution of abundance, biomass, productivity and production of macrozoobenthos was investigated in four study areas in
the Magellan region (South Patagonian Ice-Field, Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Continental Shelf). Using a Reineck box
corer and a multibox corer, a total of 277 quantitative benthos samples were taken at 78 stations in water depths between
8 and 1139 m during the Joint Chilean-German-Italian Magellan “Victor-Hensen Campaign” in 1994, the “Polarstern” expedition
ANT XIII/4 in 1996 and the Chilean expeditions “Cimar Fiordo II + III” in 1996 and 1997, respectively, on board RV “Vidal
Gormaz”. Mean abundance in the South Patagonian Ice-Field was significantly lower than in the Strait of Magellan and the Beagle
Channel. Biomass and abundance decreased clearly with depth (20–300 m to 700–1500 m: 3.9 gC m−2 to 0.6 gC m−2; 2832 ind. m−2 to 569 ind. m−2). Average abundance, biomass and production of the whole Magellan region are lower (2318 ind. m−2, 3.2 gC m−2, 0.62 gC m−2 year−1) than in the high Antarctic Weddell Sea. In the Magellan region, macrozoobenthos composition of abundance is mainly dominated
by polychaetes (56%), followed by arthropods (16%), echinoderms (10%) and molluscs (11%). Comparisons of our present results
with those of high Antarctic areas make it clear that the Magellan region has a transitional character.
Accepted: 21 December 1998 相似文献
13.
Masayoshi Maehata 《Ichthyological Research》2002,49(2):202-205
Mating behavior of the Far Eastern catfish, Silurus
asotus (Siluriformes: Siluridae), was observed in a ricefield system facing the shore of Lake Biwa in mid-May to early June in 1990–1997.
A set behavioral sequence similar to those of two other silurid fishes, S. biwaensis and S. lithophilus, both endemic to the Lake Biwa system, was observed: “chasing,”“clinging,”“enfolding” while “squeezing” by the male, and
“circling” by the spawning pair. This form of mating behavior is quite different from that of S. asotus reported from the Ooi River system in Kyoto Prefecture, which mainly spawns in running water in ditches.
Received: April 10, 2001 / Revised: November 5, 2001 / Accetped: November 20, 2001 相似文献
14.
Chains of coupled oscillators of simple “rotator” type have been used to model the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion
in lamprey, among numerous applications in biology and elsewhere. In this paper, motivated by experiments on lamprey CPG with
brainstem attached, we investigate a simple oscillator model with internal structure which captures both excitable and bursting
dynamics. This model, and that for the coupling functions, is inspired by the Hodgkin–Huxley equations and two-variable simplifications
thereof. We analyse pairs of coupled oscillators with both excitatory and inhibitory coupling. We also study traveling wave
patterns arising from chains of oscillators, including simulations of “body shapes” generated by a double chain of oscillators
providing input to a kinematic musculature model of lamprey..
Received: 25 November 1996 / Revised version: 9 December 1997 相似文献
15.
The role of CD4+ T cell help in cancer immunity and the formulation of novel cancer vaccines 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Assudani DP Horton RB Mathieu MG McArdle SE Rees RC 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2007,56(1):70-80
Recent years have seen the unprecedented surge of interest in the role of CD4+ T cells and the role they play in the development of the immune response. In this symposium review, we examine the evidence for this and discuss their functions, particularly in respect to the cancer immunology, including CD4+CD25+ cells (Treg).This article is a symposium paper from the conference “Progress in Vaccination against Cancer 2005 (PIVAC 5)”, held in Athens, Greece, on 20–21 September 2005.Deepak P. Assudani, Roger B.V. Horton and Morgan G. Mathieu are joint first authors and have contributed equally to this paper. 相似文献
16.
Kazuo Goto Hiroaki Ohashi Susumu Ebukuro Kikuji Itoh Yukiko Tohma Akira Takakura Shigeharu Wakana Mamoru Ito Toshio Itoh 《Current microbiology》1998,37(1):44-51
A Gram-negative, motile bacterium with bipolar sheathed flagella (one at each end) was isolated from the stomach of house
musk shrews (Suncus murinus) with chronic gastritis. The isolates grew at 37°C under microaerophilic conditions, but not under aerobic conditions; rapidly
hydrolyzed urea; were catalase, oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arginine aminopeptidase positive; reduced nitrate to nitrite;
and were resistant to cephalothin and nalidixic acid, but sensitive to tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. This
bacterium was found on gastric epithelial cells by electron microscopy. In addition, a coccoid form of the bacteria was found
in vacuoles formed in the epithelial cells of some of the house musk shrews tested. These results, including 16S rRNA gene
sequence analysis, strongly suggested that this bacterium should be classified as a novel Helicobacter species. It is proposed that this bacterium should be called “Helicobacter suncus.”
Received: 22 December 1997 / Accepted: 26 January 1998 相似文献
17.
Tsutom Hiura 《Trees - Structure and Function》1998,12(5):274-280
Relationships between leaf or shoot size, number, and arrangement in response to light were investigated to test the hypothesis
that these characteristics are linked. In order to test this hypothesis, the divergence in allometry and shoot dynamics in
saplings of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) obtained from four populations and having different leaf sizes were examined in a nursery under both full sun and shade
conditions. Trees with different leaf sizes also showed large differences in canopy structure, particularly when shade-grown
saplings were compared. The final leaf mass distributions of the large-leaf populations were conical or “bottom - heavy”,
while those of the small-leaf populations were planar or “top - heavy”. The slope of the allometric relations between leaf
mass and shoot and branch mass in small-leaved populations were steeper than those in large-leaf populations. The four populations
were classified into two growth types: populations producing a few large leaf and shoot modules corresponded to “stem growth
type”, and those producing many small leaf and shoot modules corresponded to “leaf growth type”. These kinds of intra-specific
variation in architecture and growth of F. crenata trees may influence the structure and dynamics of forests in accordance with differences in competitive ability or sensitivity
to disturbances such as windstorm.
Received: 18 March 1997 / Accepted: 21 October 1997 相似文献
18.
Many songbirds develop remarkably large vocal repertoires, and this has prompted questions about how birds are able to successfully
learn and use the often enormous amounts of information encoded in their various signal patterns. We have studied these questions
in nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos), a species that performs more than 200 different types of songs (strophen), or more than 1000 phonetically different elements
composing the songs. In particular, we investigated whether and how both song repertoires and song performance rules of nightingales
were coded by auditory stimuli presented in serial learning experiments. Evaluation of singing episodes produced by our trained
birds revealed that nightingales cope well with an exposure to even long strings of master song-types. They can readily acquire
information encoded within and between the different master songs, and they memorize, for example, which master song-types
they have experienced in the same learning context. Imitations of such song-types form distinct sequential associations that
are termed “context groups”. Additionally, nightingales develop other song-type associations that are smaller in size and
termed “package groups”. Package formation results from constraints of the acquisition mechanisms which obviously lead to
a segmentation of auditorily perceived master song sequences. Further experimentation validated that the song memory of nightingales
is organized in a hierarchical manner and holding information about “context groups” composed of packages, “package groups”
composed of songs, and songs composed of song elements. The evidence suggests that implementation of such a hierarchical organization
facilitates a quick retrieval of particular songs, and thereby provides an essential prerequisite for a functionally appropriate
use of large vocal repertoire is in songbirds.
Received: 4 October 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 26 August 1998 相似文献
19.
20.
Mankind has observed and documented life cycle stages of plants and animals for a long time. However, it was comparatively
recently that the newly emerging science was given its name. The name of Charles Morren and the year 1853 are being cited,
although not frequently. Exact information is hardly known among present-day phenologists, yet new evidence shows that the
term “phenology” was already in use in 1849. In the early 1840s, physicist and astronomer Adolphe Quetelet set up an observational
network named "Observations of periodical Phenomena of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdom” and issued instructions for it. Even though biologist Charles Morren welcomed Quetelet's initiative, differences between
Morren and Quentlet regarding the instructions for the observations and the potential results soon arose and a debate started,
which lasted for nearly 10 years. In the wake of these disagreements, Morren was compelled to create a new term to denote
his ideas on “periodical phenomena”. At first, he temporally used the word anthochronology, but in the end he coined the word phenology. The term was first used in a public lecture at the Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique’ in Brussels on 16 December 1849, and simultaneously in the December 1849 issue of volume V of the Annales de la Société royale d’Agriculture et de Botanique de Gand. One had to wait until 1853 before the new name appeared in the title of one of Morren’s publications. Based on evidence
from archives and original publications, we trace the 10-year-long scientific debate between Morren and Quetelet. Morren states
his biologist’s view on the subject and extends the more climate-related definition of Quetelet of “periodical phenomena”. 相似文献