虎榛子叶片挥发性成分HS-SPME & GC-MS分析

为探明虎榛子Ostryopsis davidiana叶片挥发物的组成及其相对含量,以长势优植株为研究对象,利用固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法(HS-SPME & GC-MS)分析其叶片挥发性物质,通过面积归一法计算各成分的相对含量。结果表明,从虎榛子叶片中共鉴定出39种化学成分,其中5种绿叶气味物质,占75.61%;6种芳香化合物,占1.30%;9种萜烯类化合物,占5.04%;19种脂肪族化合物,占17.76%。该结果可为其寄生昆虫栎黄枯叶蛾的植物源引诱剂开发奠定基础。     

四合木茎叶石油醚提取物化学成分分析

利用GC-MS法对四合木茎叶的石油醚提取物进行了成分鉴定。鉴定出40种化合物,包括烷烃类化合物8种、羧酸类化合物11种、酯类化合物9种、萜类化合物2种、甾体类化合物2种、醇类化合物4种,占样品总量的80.5%。其中相对含量最高的3种成分依次为油酸(15.33%)、β-谷甾醇(9.12%)和十八碳二烯酸甲酯(7.24%)。β-谷甾醇可能是四合木具有抗虫性的主要成分。     

小花清风藤挥发油化学成分研究

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小花清风藤中的挥发性成分,通过气相色谱质谱联用技术（GC-MS）并结合计算机分析鉴定提取物中挥发油芳香成分,共鉴定出17种化合物,其中有12种烷烃类化合物,1种芳香类化合物,1种醚类化合物,1种杂环类化合物,1种环戊二烯和1种酰胺类化合物。用面积归一化法测定挥发油中各种成分的相对含量,合计占总峰面积的8.8%。实验结果表明：用水蒸气蒸馏提取小花清风藤挥发油时,提取率为4.18%,其最主要成分为烷烃类化合物。     

天韭挥发性有机化合物成分初步研究

采用动态顶空气循环采集法采集天韭挥发物,通过热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用法分析其挥发物的化学成分.结果表明,共检测到天韭挥发物成分36种,其中萜烯类化合物12种,苯酚类化合物9种,醛酮醇类化合物6种,烷烃类化合物6种,脂类化合物3种.     

杉木挥发性有机物释放特征研究

为了明确杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)挥发性有机物(VOCs)的成分组成和含量的变化规律,采用动态顶空采集法和热脱附-气质联用(TDS-GC-MS)技术,对杉木释放的VOCs成分组成和相对含量的季节性变化进行分析。结果表明,杉木释放的VOCs中共鉴定出60种化合物,一年中释放的化合物种数随季节变化呈先升后降的趋势,夏季释放种类最多,达42种。检测到的烷烃类、醛类、酯类和醇类化合物种类最多,占检测到的化合物总种类数的73.33%。春季杉木释放的VOCs以醇类化合物为主,总相对含量为27.19%;夏季以萜烯类化合物为主,总相对含量为17.29%;秋季以醛类化合物为主,总相对含量为23.55%。综上,杉木具有一定的康养功效,夏季是在杉木林中进行康养活动的最佳时期。     

促白木香结香真菌的快速筛选

以海南省澄迈县海南科大林业公司所有的白木香人工林地为研究对象,采用前期已分离的菌株对白木香白木进行固体催化,利用GC-MS技术对具有催化效果(白木化学成分在催化前后变化显著)的菌株进行筛选,将筛选出的菌株接种至白木香树体中,6个月后对沉香物质挥发油以及化学成分进行测定。对白木固体催化产物的提取物分析,鉴定出其乙醚提取物共24种化学成分,其中共有成分5种、芳香族类化合物6种、其他类化合物18种。Trichoderma sp.、Neurospora sp.和Melanotus flavolivens这3种菌株使白木香白木的化学成分发生显著变化。对结香处理6个月后已结香木材的提取物分析,鉴定出其乙醚提取物共84种化学成分,其中共有成分30种,芳香族类化合物17种、倍半萜类化合物34种和其他类化合物33种。Trichoderma sp.、Neurospora sp.、Melanotus flavolivens和CK样品乙醚提取物得率分别为3.62%、4.04%、3.97%和1.94%。其中芳香族类成分相对含量之和分别为15.15%、17.29%、12.13%和7.95%。倍半萜类成分相对含量之和分别为10.61%、11.19%、11.4%和0%。在6个月内Trichoderma sp.、Neurospora sp.和Melanotus flavolivens这3种经过白木香白木固体催化筛选所得的菌株能够有效诱导白木香结香。     

白兰花挥发油化学成分及其抑菌拒食活性研究

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白兰花中的挥发性成分,通过气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC-MS)并结合计算机分析鉴定提取物中挥发油芳香成分,共鉴定出76个化合物,其中有37个萜类化合物、17个醇类化合物、6个烷烃类化合物和其它类型化合物。用面积归一化法测定挥发油中各种成分的相对含量,合计占总峰面积的93. 292%。同时对不同菌株进行抑菌实验,并探究不同浓度挥发油对粘虫的拒食作用。实验结果表明:用水蒸气蒸馏提取白兰花挥发油时,提取率为4. 18%,其最主要成分为芳樟醇;该方法提取的白兰花挥发油对水稻黄单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用最好,并且对粘虫幼虫有很好拒食活性。     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定黄山贡菊花、叶和茎中酚类物质

采用HPLC-MS/MS检测技术分析了黄山贡菊花、叶、茎中酚类物质。结果表明,黄山贡菊花、叶、茎中酚类物质主要为黄酮及酚酸类化合物,其中贡菊花中含有13种黄酮类化合物,9种酚酸类化合物;叶中含有11种黄酮类化合物,6种酚酸类化合物;茎中含有8种黄酮类化合物,5种酚酸类化合物。贡菊花、叶、茎中共有的酚性成分包括:绿原酸、1,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸、4,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸、芹菜素-6-C-木糖-8-C-葡萄糖、芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-阿拉伯糖、芹菜素-6-C-阿拉伯糖-8-C-葡萄糖、木犀草苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、香叶木素-7-O-6"-丙二酰-葡萄糖苷、金合欢素-7-O-6"-丙二酰-葡萄糖苷。金合欢素-7-O-半乳糖苷存在于贡菊茎、叶中,而在贡菊花中未发现;芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷只存在于贡菊叶中,在贡菊花和茎中均未发现。     

基于香气成分含量对酿酒红葡萄品种的分类研究

利用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术测定了26种酿酒红葡萄的香气成分以及部分重要组分的含量,并采用聚类分析与主成分分析法,探讨利用香气成分含量对酿酒红葡萄品种的分类。结果显示:(1)在26种酿酒红葡萄品种中共检测到49种香气成分并分为6大类,分别为C6-醇和醛类化合物、醇类化合物(除C6-醇类)、酯类化合物、醛类(除C6-醛类)和酮类化合物、萜烯类化合物、有机酸类化合物。(2)聚类分析结果显示,26种酿酒红葡萄分成了三大类,其中:第Ⅰ类有赤霞珠等11个品种,香气成分以C6-醇和醛类化合物为主,其总含量高达66.4%;第Ⅱ类有宝石解百纳等6个品种,香气成分以C6-醇和醛类化合物以及醇类化合物(除C6-醇类)为主,分别为40.73%和30.21%;第Ⅲ类有梅鹿辄等9个品种,香气成分以酯类化合物为主,占总香气成分的71.06%;而且三类酿酒红葡萄中有机酸含量均最低,分别为0.18%、0.08%和0.005%。(3)主成分分析结果表明,第Ⅰ类酿酒红葡萄中可以用前6个主成分代表原有的变量信息,第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类均可以用前4个主成分代表原有的变量信息。(4)利用判别分析创建了酿酒红葡萄香气成分判别模型,并对其进行验证,其准确率达85.7%。研究表明,利用香气成分建立的判别模型可以对酿酒红葡萄进行分类,可为酿酒红葡萄品种改良及葡萄酒质量控制提供理论依据。     

红树林源白骨壤链霉菌中多环稠合大环内酰胺类化合物的结构多样性研究

【目的】通过基因组挖掘的方法,研究红树林来源白骨壤链霉菌Streptomyces avicenniae 9-9中多环稠合大环内酰胺(PTMs)类化合物的结构多样性。【方法】通过生物信息学分析白骨壤链霉菌基因组序列,寻找PTMs类化合物的生物合成相关基因;利用UPLC-MS/MS技术对该菌的次级代谢产物进行分析。【结果】在白骨壤链霉菌基因组中发现PTMs生物合成基因簇(aviA-D);从菌液提取物中鉴定出5个PTMs类化合物,其中包括ikarugamycin(化合物1)和capsimycin B(化合物2);基于PTMs类化合物5-6-5环类型的MS/MS碎裂规律,对化合物3–5的结构进行了推测。【结论】红树林来源白骨壤链霉菌S.avicenniae 9-9具有产生5-6-5环类型的PTMs类化合物的能力。     

Synergistic effect of colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves growth and drought tolerance of Plukenetia volubilis seedlings

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculation on plant growth and drought tolerance in seedlings of a promising oilseed crop, Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), under well-watered or drought conditions. AMF inoculation was applied in four treatments: without AMF inoculation, Glomus versiforme, Paraglomus occultum, or combination of both microorganism inoculations. The results showed that AMF colonization significantly enhanced the growth of Sacha Inchi seedlings regardless of soil water conditions, and the greatest development was reached in plants dually inoculated under well-watered conditions. G. versiforme was more efficient than P. occultum. Plants inoculated with both symbionts had significantly greater specific leaf area, leaf area ratio and root volume when compared with the uninoculated control, G. versiforme, and P. occultum treatments alone, indicating a synergistic effect in the two AMF inoculation. Photosynthetic rate and water-use efficiency were stimulated by AMF, but not stomatal conductance. Inoculation with AM fungus increased antioxidant enzymes activities including guaiacol peroxidase and catalase, thus lowering hydrogen peroxide accumulation and oxidative damage, especially under drought stress conditions. However, proline content showed little change during drought stress and AMF colonization conditions, which suggested that proline accumulation might not serve as the main compound for osmotic adjustment of the studied species. These results indicate that AMF inoculation stimulated growth and enhanced drought tolerance of Sacha Inchi seedlings, through alterations in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. This microbial symbiosis might be an effective cultivation practice in improving the performance and development for Sacha Inchi plants.     

Seed coat composition in black and white soybean seeds with differential water permeability

• The seed coat composition of white (JS 335) and black (Bhatt) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) having different water permeability was studied.
• Phenols, tannins and proteins were measured, as well as trace elements and metabolites in the seed coats.
• The seed coat of Bhatt was impermeable and imposed dormancy, while that of JS 335 was permeable and seeds exhibited imbibitional injury. Bhatt seed coats contained comparatively higher concentrations of phenols, tannins, proteins, Fe and Cu than those of JS 335. Metabolites of seed coats of both genotypes contained 164 compounds, among which only 14 were common to both cultivars, while the remaining 79 and 71 compounds were unique to JS 331 and Bhatt, respectively.
• Phenols are the main compounds responsible for seed coat impermeability and accumulate in palisade cells of Bhatt, providing impermeability and strength to the seed coat. JS 335 had more cracked seed coats, mainly due to their lower tannin content. Alkanes, esters, carboxylic acids and alcohols were common to both genotypes, while cyclic thiocarbamate (1.07%), monoterpene alcohols (1.07%), nitric esters (1.07%), phenoxazine (1.07%) and sulphoxide (1.07%) compounds were unique to the JS 335 seed coat, while aldehydes (2.35%), amides (1.17%), azoles (1.17%) and sugar moieties (1.17%) were unique to Bhatt seed coats. This study provides a platform for isolation and understanding of each identified compound for its function in seed coat permeability.

     

红豆树种子化学成分及其抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

为研究红豆树种子的化学组成及生物活性。本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其甲醇提取物的化学成分进行了鉴定,并首次采用不同极性溶剂对红豆树种子的生物活性物质进行萃取;同时,利用DPPH法、ABTS法和抑菌圈法评价红豆树种子生物活性物质的体外抗氧化及抑菌活性。结果表明,从红豆树种子萃取物中共检测出化合物12个,占萃取物总量的89.03%;种子萃取物的主要成分为5-羟甲基糠醛(52.98%)、D-阿洛糖(7.24%)、2,3-二甲氧基-10,11-二氢二苯并(b,f)恶庚英-10-醇(6.51%)、甲基丁香酚(4.53%)、2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮(4.45%)、黄樟素(3.75%)、α-松油醇(3.31%)、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(2.01%),此8种成分占总量的84.78%。红豆树种子正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚等萃取物对DPPH和ABTS自由基均具有显著的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性与萃取物浓度呈线性相关。当红豆树种子正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚等萃取物浓度为10.0 mg/mL时,正丁醇萃取物对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌效果最佳;乙酸乙酯萃取物对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果最佳;石油醚萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果最佳。研究结果为红豆树种子资源的开发和综合利用提供了数据支持。     

满山香种子中化学成分研究

为研究满山香种子的化学成分,采用满山香种子经75%乙醇提取、溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析、SephadexLH-20柱层析和硅胶制备薄层层析等方法,分离得5个单体化合物,分别鉴定为:杨梅素(myricetin,Ⅰ)、对苯二酚(1,4-dihydroxybenzene,Ⅱ)、香草酸(vanillicacid,Ⅲ)、β-胡萝卜苷(dauosterol,Ⅳ)和银杏双黄酮(ginkge-tin,Ⅴ)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

Preliminary Study of Chemical Composition of the Elaiosome of Sloanea hemsleyana (lto) and Its Ecological Function to Attract Dispersal Agent

The chemical composition of the elaiosome of Sloanea hemsleyana (Elaeocarpaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The relative content of each compound was determined by area normalization. Eleven compounds were identified, accounting for 97.6% of the total oil composition. The major compounds were Palmitic acid (36.0%) and Oleic acid (35.0%), which were favour food for ant. And it was demonstrated that the seed of S.hemsleyana can be dispersed by ant Pheidole sp. in the habitat of Kunming Botanical Garden. As for the defensive function of elaiosome of S.hemsleyana need to be identified in field.     

红背山麻杆化学成分的研究

采用柱色谱技术从红背山麻杆叶子的60％乙醇提取物中分离得到4个黄酮苷和2个其他类化合物.根据理化性质及波谱方法分别鉴定为:芹菜素-6-C-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、芹菜素-7-O-芸香糖苷(2)、芹菜素-7-O-β-(2″-O-α-鼠李糖基)葡萄糖醛酸苷(3)、木犀草素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、没食子酸乙酯(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6).以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1～4为首次从山麻杆属中分离得到的黄酮苷.     

芫荽子超临界CO2流体萃取和水汽蒸馏精油的化学成分研究

本文采用GC和GC-MS技术对芫荽子超临界CO_2流体萃取(SFE-CO_2)精油的化学成分进行了剖析,并与水汽蒸馏(SD)精油作了比较。结果表明,两种产物的主要组分均为芳樟醇,分别占91.08％(SD)和65.79％(SFE-CO_2)。共有67种化合物被鉴定,其中21种为首次在芫荽子精油中被发现。     

Identification of QTLs with Additive,Epistatic, and QTL × Seed Maturity Interaction Effects for Seed Vigor in Rice

Seed maturity is a critical process of seed vigor establishment. In this study, one rice population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was used to determine the genetic characteristics of seed vigor, including the germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), and time for 50 % of germination (T₅₀), at 4, 5, and 6 weeks after heading in 2 years. Significant differences of seed vigor were observed among two parents and RIL population; the heritability of four traits was more than 90 % at three maturity stages. A total of 19 additive and 2 epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed vigor were identified using QTL Cartographer and QTLNetwork program, respectively, in 2012, while 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with seed vigor were detected using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) in 2013. The phenotypic variation explained by each additive, epistatic QTL, and QTL × seed maturity interaction ranged from 9.19 to 22.94 %, 7.23 to 7.75 %, and 0.05 to 0.63 %, respectively. Ten additive QTLs were stably expressed in 2 years which might play important roles in establishment of seed vigor in different environments. By comparing chromosomal positions of ten stably expressed additive QTLs with those previously identified, they might be true QTLs for seed vigor; the regions of QTLs for seed vigor are likely to coincide with QTLs for seed dormancy, seed reserve mobilization, low-temperature germinability, and seedling growth. Using four selected RILs, three cross-combinations were predicted to improve seed vigor; 9 to 10 elite alleles could be pyramided by each combination. The selected RILs and the identified QTLs might be applicable for the improvement of seed vigor by marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice.     

14-Methylpentadecano-15-lactone (muscolide): a new macrocyclic lactone from the oil of Angelica archangelica L

The chemical composition of seed and root oils from Angelica archangelica L. was investigated. Analyses were performed by GC/MS and GC using two columns of different polarities (polyethylene glycol (DB-Wax) and 5% phenyl/95% polydimethylsiloxane (HP-5)), for the separation of several co-eluting components. A total of 58 compounds were identified, accounting for 96.3% (seed) and 93.5% (root) of the oils, respectively. A high content of beta-phellandrene (74.7%) was found in Angelica seed oil. Root oil contained a larger amount of macrocyclic lactones (1.3%) in comparison to the seed oil (0.4%). Different harvest dates produced only slight changes in the root-oil composition. In root oil harvested in summer, the beta-phellandrene content increased by ca. 36%, but no significant changes in the relative compositions of other components were observed. Fresh root oils were collected in five fractions (constant time intervals) during steam distillation (see Table). The highest-boiling fraction contained 9.3% of macrocyclic lactones such as tridecano-13-lactone (5.0%), 12-methyltridecano-13-lactone (0.4%), tetradecano-14-lactone (0.1%), pentadecano-15-lactone (3.5%), 14-methylpentadecano-15-lactone (1; trace), hexadecano-16-lactone (trace), and heptadecano-17-lactone (0.2%). This is the first report of the occurrence of 14-methylpentadecano-15-lactone (muscolide; 1) in a natural product.     

芒果核仁的化学成分及其抑菌活性

从杧果(Mangifera indica L.)果实核仁中分离得到6种化合物。经光谱分析及与文献对照,分别鉴定为没食子酸(1)、没食子酸甲酯(2)、没食子酸乙酯(3)、间-二没食子酸甲酯(4)、对羟基苯甲酸(5)和丁二酸单甲酯(6),它们均为首次从芒果核中获得。用琼脂平板稀释法测定了化合物1~5对7种细菌和4种真菌生长的抑制活性。结果表明,化合物1对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、表皮葡萄球菌(S. epidermidis)、干燥棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium xerosis)和藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)的最小抑制浓度(MIC)为50~100 µg mL-1,化合物4对绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)有抑制活性。