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1.
Transformation of sugarcane protoplasts by direct uptake of a selectable chimaeric gene 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
W. H. Chen K. M. A. Gartland M. R. Davey R. Sotak J. S. Gartland B. J. Mulligan J. B. Power E. C. Cocking 《Plant cell reports》1987,6(4):297-301
Sugarcane protoplasts were transformed to kanamycin resistance at a frequency of approximately 8 in 107 following PEG-induced uptake of Sma1 linearised pABD1 plasmid. DNA-treated protoplasts were cultured in agarose droplets, and protoplast-derived transformants selected on 80 g ml–1 kanamycin. Transformed tissues maintained on this level of antibiotic expressed APH(3)II activity, and contained DNA that hybridised to a probe with the APH(3)II gene.Abbreviations APH(3)II
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase
- PEG
polyethylene glycol
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
2.
Morré DJ Gomez-Rey ML Schramke C Em O Lawler J Hobeck J Morré DM 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1999,200(1-2):7-13
Dipyridyl-dithio substrates were cleaved by isolated vesicles of plasma membranes prepared from etiolated hypocotyls of soybean. The cleavage was stimulated by auxins at physiological concentrations. The substrates utilized were principally 2,2-dithiodippyrine (DTP) and 6,6-dithiodinicotinic acid (DTNA). The DTP generated 2 moles of 2-pyridinethione whereas the 6,6-dithiodinicotinic acid generated 2 moles of 6-nicotinylthionine. Both products absorbed at 340 nm. The auxin herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) stimulated the activity approximately 2-fold to a maximum at about 10 M. Concentrations of 2,4-D greater than 100 M inhibited the activity. Indole-3-acetic acid stimulated the activity as well. The growth-inactive auxin, 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,3-D), was without effect. DTNA cleavage correlated with oxidation of NADH and reduction of protein disulfide bonds reported earlier in terms of location at the external plasma membrane surface, absolute specific activity, pH dependence and auxin specificity. The dipyridyl-dithio substrates provide, for the first time, a direct measure of the disulfide-thiol interchange activity of the protein previously measured only indirectly as an auxin-dependent ability of isolated plasma membrane vesicles to restore activity to scrambled and inactive RNase. 相似文献
3.
Summary Second generation aposporous gametophytes were obtained from sporophytes derived from first generation aposporous gametophytes, which in turn came from the mature fronds grown from spores in the laboratory. Murashige and Skoog modified medium in 1% agar supplemented with sugar alcohols (sorbitol, mannitol), auxins (NAA, 2,4-D) and cytokinin (BA) promoted a higher percentage of aposporous development from mature fronds ofPyrrosia piloselloides derived from aseptically cultured spores as compared with those obtained from plants in the field. A method using 46-diamidino-2-phenyl indole and fluorescence microscopy correlated the deoxyribonucleic acid contents of the aposporous gametophytes and sporophytes derived from them with their ploidy level.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- DAPI
46-diamidino-2-phenyl indole
- DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
- BA
benzyladenine
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
4.
V. K. Lackney R. M. Spanswick T. J. Hirasuna M. L. Shuler 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1990,23(2):107-114
Cultured grape cells accumulate anthocyanins in vacuoles rather than secreting them into the nutrient medium. Therefore, grape cells that contain tonoplast segments in their plasmalemma should be capable of excreting anthocyanins rather than sequestering them in their vacuoles. In initial attempts to construct such novel cells, small vacuoles were fused with the plasmalemma of cultured plant cells. Protoplasts were isolated from grape calluses that produce and accumulate anthocyanins. Small vacuoles were formed by gently rupturing vacuoles isolated from grape protoplasts. Although small vacuoles and protoplasts became aligned in an AC field, the tonoplast and plasmalemma did not readily fuse when subjected to 3 DC pulses of 1200 V cm–1 for 50 s each. Changes in the intensity, number and/or duration of the DC pulses had no effect on the fusion process. When 1.0% polyethylene glycol was added to the electrofusion buffer, however, small vacuoles and protoplasts fused within a few minutes after the DC pulses were applied. These novel grape cells remained viable for several hours.Abbreviations BSA
bovine serum albumin
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid
- DTT
dithiothreitol
- EGTA
ethyleneglycol-bis-(-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N,N,N
- MES
2-[N-Morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid
- MOPS
3-[N-Morpholino]propanesulfonic acid
- PVP
polyvinylpyrrolidone 相似文献
5.
Corrado Barghigiani Giuliano Colombetti Francesco Lenci Rosalba Banchetti Maria Pia Bizzaro 《Archives of microbiology》1979,120(3):239-245
We have investigated the effect of some metabolic drugs, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), sodium azide (NaN3), on the photobehavior of single cells of Euglena gracilis, in order to clarify the relevance of different metabolic pathways in the process of photoperception and sensory transduction in this alga. The results obtained show that the photophobic response of Euglena is not affected by the action of these drugs. This suggests that neither the photosynthetic process nor oxidative phosphorylation play a significant role in the phenomenon of photosensory transduction in Euglena.List of Abbreviations DNP
2,4-dinitrophenol
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- PSI
Photosystem I
- PSII
Photosystem II 相似文献
6.
Yasseen Mohamed-Yasseen Sheryl A. Barringer Walter E. Splittstoesser 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,40(2):195-196
Shoots were produced from kurrat seedling and mature plant explants cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) alone or supplemented with 4.4 M benzyladenine (BA). Shoots were also produced from explants through a two-step procedure. Regenerated shoots were induced to form roots on MS medium with 5 g I-1 activated charcoal. Plants were successfully established in soil.Abbreviations AC
activated charcoal
- BA
benzyladenine
- MS
Murashige & Skoog's (1962) medium
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
7.
Flavia Guzzo Barbara Baldan Marisa Levi E. Sparvoli Fiorella Lo Schiavo M. Terzi Paola Mariani 《Protoplasma》1995,185(1-2):28-36
Summary The cellular events occurring in carrot hypocotyl explants during long-term and pulse treatment with 2,4-D were followed using different techniques (light and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, PCNA staining). Different morphogenetic pathways were induced under the various experimental conditions. Nevertheless, in the explants the activated cells were the same (provascular cells) and they showed very similar structural and ultrastructural changes. The long-term treatment with 2,4-D induced rapid re-activation of the cell cycle.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- DAPI
4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- PCNA
proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- ER
endoplasmic reticulum
- GA
Golgi apparatus 相似文献
8.
The effect of phosphinothricin concentration on embryo production from an embryogenic callus of Chancellor (Vitis L. complex interspecific hybrid) was tested. Embryogenic callus was cultured on medium supplemented with nine phosphinothricin concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, and 10 mg/l). The highest number of embryos per plate was observed at 0.5 mg/l phosphinothricin. The use of phosphinothricin to stimulate embryo production did not affect embryo germination and plantlet formation. Three germination techniques were compared. Embryo dehydration or growth on Transfergelsolidified medium gave higher germination rates than chilling treatments. Most germinated somatic embryos produced secondary embryos from the hypocotyl after a few weeks of culture. Regardless of the germination technique, the plantlet conversion rate was very low.Abbreviations AC
activated charcoal
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium
- NN
Nitsch and Nitsch (1969) medium
- PPT
phosphinothricin 相似文献
9.
Andrea Hoffman Ursula Halfter Peter-Christian Morris 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,36(1):53-58
Conditions for maximising transient expression of GUS in leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24 were investigated. It was found that the factors most influencing expression levels, with optimum levels in parenthesis, were plasmid DNA quantity (100 g per 5 × 105 protoplasts), inclusion of carrier DNA (50 g), PEG pH and amount (pH above 6, and total PEG concentration at least 9% w/w) and the topological form of the DNA. Linearised plasmid DNA with long flanking sequences 3 and 5 to the marker gene yielded the highest levels of GUS expression.Abbreviations 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GUS
-glucuronidase
- MU
methylumbelliferone
- PEG
polyethylene glycol
- X-gluc
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl--glucuronic acid 相似文献
10.
Somatic embryogenesis from immature inflorescences of oil palm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Immature inflorescences of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) var. Pisifera were inoculated onto modified MS medium containing 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal and 475 M 2,4-D. After 2—3 months of culture, a hard yellow callus proliferated at the base of the shoot-like structures. The high incidence of phenolic oxidation required the use of increased levels of activated charcoal (0.5% w/v) and 2,4-D (500 M). Development of floral structures from inflorescence expiants was frequently observed during the culture period. After 81 weeks of culture, an embryogenic tissue characterized by compact consistency and pearly white color was observed in tissues derived from very young inflorescences. This compact embryogenic tissue differentiated into normal somatic embryos when transferred onto regeneration medium containing NAA (15 M) and ABA (2 M). Normal plantlets were recovered from these somatic embryos after 8 weeks on regeneration medium.Abbreviations 2, 4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- ABA
abscisic acid
- PVP-40
polyvinylpyrrolidone 相似文献
11.
Cell suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) incorporated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) into a metabolite fraction which was insoluble in ethanol, water, and hot sodium dodecylsulphate. Further treatment with hot dimethylformamide solubilized a material which by the following criteria appeared to consist of 2,4-D derivatives covalently bound to lignin: i) co-chromatography of radioactivity and of UV-absorbing material upon gel permeation chromatography; ii) spectral similarity with authentic lignins (IR- and UV-spectra, phloroglucinol reaction), 2,4-D appeared to be incorporated as the intact molecule, as shown by comparison of ring- and sidechain-labeled 2,4-D and by detection of monohydroxylated and intact 2,4-D as the major radioactive products of acid hydrolysis. The same compounds were released from the metabolite material which could not be solubilized in dimethylformamide. The incorporation of xenobiotics or their metabolites into lignin, followed by deposition in the cell wall, is suggested as a general pathway for local excretion and detoxification by plant cells.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 4-OH-2,5-D
4-hydroxy-2,5-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- SDS
sodium dodecylsulphate
- DMF
dimethylformamide 相似文献
12.
Summary Genotypes of Lolium perenne L. with different androgenetic responses were used to test effects of induction medium composition. The media tested were potato II (pII), 190-2, and modified Linsmaier and Skoog media, LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3. The effect of different gelling agents, activated charcoal in a double layer design, and casein hydrolysate were also studied. From 36,696 anthers, 25,906 embryo-like structures, 1,959 albino and 173 green plants were generated. Significant differences were found between media, genotypes and medium-genotype interactions studied. All three media commonly used, pII, 190-2, and LS-3, were equivalent in production of green plants. Cold pretreatment of the anthers (4°C) significantly increased the number of embryo-like structures, the number and proportion of albino plants produced, but not the production of green plants.Abbreviations ELS
embryo-like structures
- ALB
albino plants
- ANT
anthers
- GRP
green plants
- DH
doubled haploid plants
- AC
activated charcoal
- CH
casein hydrolysate
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- LS
Linsmaier and Skoog (1965) basal medium
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- PL
plants
- pII
potato II induction medium
- DL
double layer 相似文献
13.
Dominique Hébert Julie R. Kikkert Franzine D. Smith Bruce I. Reisch 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(10):585-589
Embryogenic suspensions of Chancellor (Vitis L. complex interspecific hybrid) were bombarded with tungsten particles coated with plasmid pBI426 encoding ß-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) which results in kanamycin resistance. Two d after bombardment, cultures were placed on semi-solid medium containing either 8.6 or 17.2 M kanamycin. Factors that affect biolistic transformation rates were studied. Tungsten microprojectiles with a mean diameter of 1.07 m (M10) resulted in more transient gene expression than 0.771 m diameter particles. Using M10 particles, helium pressures of 1000 and 1200 psi yielded more GUS-expressing colonies per plate than did 800 psi 2 d following bombardment. The number of transformants present after 34 d was not affected by the helium pressure. The distance between the particle launch site and the target cells, and the number of days between the last cell subculture and bombardment, did not affect the numbers of transient and long term GUS expressing colonies. The addition of 3 g/l of activated charcoal to the post-bombardment medium increased long term GUS expression four fold. Wrapping the plates after bombardment with Parafilm increased long term GUS expression three fold compared with plates wrapped with a porous venting tape. With up to 850 transformed callus colonies per plate 23 d after bombardment, the biolistic device holds much promise as a method to achieve stable transformation of grapevines.Abbreviations AC
activated charcoal
- GUS
ß-glucuronidase
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- IAA-L-alanine
indole-3 acetic acid L-alanine
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- CH
casein hydrolysate
- Km
kanamycin
- NPTII
neomycin phosphotransferase II 相似文献
14.
Suspension cultures of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were established in a medium with 80 or 100 mg.l–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 g.l–1 activated charcoal, from calli producing embryogenic cells and protruding proembryos. The suspension was composed of meristematic clumps, breaking away and giving rise to new smaller aggregates. Under the best conditions, the initial weight increased about 4 fold in one month. Embryo differentiation was achieved when plating the clumps either directly, or after a phase in hormone-free liquid medium. In the second case, early maturation occurred in liquid medium. Secondary embryogenesis was reduced, and up to 18.1 % embryos formed shoots. Rooted plants were sucessfully transferred to soil.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
15.
Summary We have synthesized 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphos-phate), an analogue of the 3-terminus of aminoacylated tRNA. A 0.4M solution of this compound maintained at pH 8.2, yields 5.5% of diglycine and 11.5% of diketopiperazine, in addition to the hydrolysis products glycine and adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate). Under the same conditions, glycine ethyl ester reacts much more slowly, but ultimately gives similar yields of diglycine and diketopiperazine.The aminolysis of 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate) by free glycine is relatively inefficient, but serine reacts 20 times more rapidly and yields up to 50% of N-glycylserine. The prebiotic significance of these reactions is discussed.Abbreviations MepA
adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate)
- MepA-gly
2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate)
- MepA-bis-gly
2,3-O-(bis-glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate)
- DKP
diketopiperazine
- gly Et
glycine ethyl ester
- gly-ser
N-glycylserine
- O-gly-ser
O-glycylserine
- O-(gly)-gly-ser
O-(glycyl)-glycylserine
- Boc-gly
N-tert-butyloxycarbonylglycine
- MepA-Boc-gly
2(3)-O-(Boc-glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate)
- MepA-bis-Boc-gly
2,3-O-(bis-Boc-glycyl)-adenosine-5(O-methylphosphate)
- (gly)2
diglycine
- (gly)3
triglycine 相似文献
16.
Marcelo Hermes-Lima Ana Claudia Tessis Adalberto Vieyra 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》1990,20(1):27-41
In this paper it is shown that the adsorption of 5-adenosine monophosphate (5-AMP) onto precipitated calcium phosphate exhibits a sigmoidal profile as revealed by isotherms at 45 °C. This result indicates a cooperative behavior in the adsorption of 5-AMP. The relationship between adsorption capacity and surface area of the sedimented matrix may be interpreted as an indication that there is a monolayer of the adsorbed nucleotide on the solid surface. The pH dependence of adsorption suggests that the negatively charged phosphoryl group of 5-AMP interacts with a positively charged site (possibly Ca2+) on the matrix surface. The adsorption of the nucleotide is markedly decreased at pH values above 8.0. The Dixon-like plot of the effect of pH suggests an inhibitory role of hydroxyl ions in the adsorption of 5-AMP. At pH 7.5, other anions such as pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and carbamyl phosphate also inhibit the adsorption of the nucleotide, probably by interacting with its adsorption site. We suggest that these phosphorylated molecules could have played a role in chemical evolution by modulating the amount of nucleotides adsorbed onto mineral surfaces. The significance of these phenomena in chemical evolution is discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary The opening of the hypocotyl hook in bean seedlings is due to a rapid elongation of cells on the inner side of the hook elbow. Red light promotes hook opening by inducing this cell elongation.Opening is inhibited by low concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and higher concentrations of these auxins cause a closure of the hook. In darkness, opening is induced slightly by p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), whereas in red light this auxin antagonist promotes opening only when IAA is added simultaneously to inhibit opening.The amount of diffusible auxin released by the hook tissue is not affected by red illumination that is sufficient to induce maximal hook opening.Gibberellic acid (GA) promotes the hook opening. The magnitude of its effect is, however, rather small, especially in darkness. (2-Chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and 2-isopropyl-4-(trimethylammonium-chloride)-5-methylphenyl piperidine-1-carboxylate (Amo-1618) inhibit hook opening in red light, and this inhibition is completely overcome by addition of GA.Cytokinins and abscisic acid at rather high concentrations inhibit hook opening in light but produce no significant effect in darkness.Hook opening is promoted by Ca++ and K+, and notably by Co++ and Ni++.It is concluded that 1. endogenous gibberellin assists in hook opening, but light does not act by changing the gibberellin level; 2. light does not act by decreasing the endogenous auxin level; and 3. cytokinins or abscisic acid do not seem to have a special role in the response. 相似文献
18.
A. Banin J. G. Lawless J. Mazzurco F. M. Church L. Margulies J. B. Orenberg 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》1985,15(2):77-88
The effect of adsorbed ions and pH on the adsorption of several purine and pyrimidine nucleotides on montmorillonite was studied. The cations used to prepare homoionic montmorillonite were Na+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+. The nucleotides studied were 5-, 3-, and 2-AMP, and 5-CMP in the pH range 2 through 12. The results show that preferential adsorption amongst nucleotides and similar molecules is dependent upon pH and the nature of the substituted metal cation in the clay. At neutral pH, it was observed that 5-AMP was more strongly adsorbed than 2-AMP, 3-AMP, and 5-CMP. Cu2+ and Zn2+ clays showed enhanced adsorption of 5-AMP compared to the other cation clays studied in the pH range 4–8. Below pH 4, the adsorption is attributed to cation and anion exchange adsorption mechanisms; above pH 4, anion exchange may also occur, but the adsorption (when it occurs) likely depends on a complexation mechanism occurring between metal cation in the clay exchange site and the biomolecule. It is thus proposed that homoionic clays may have played a significant role in the concentration mechanism of biomonomers in the prebiotic environment, a prerequisite step necessary for the formation of biopolymers in the remaining steps leading to the origin of life.On leave from Saegram Centre for Soil and Water Sciences, Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel. 相似文献
19.
When cell-suspension cultures and callus tissue from Nicotiana tabacum are grown on medium containing -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin, three classes of auxin-binding proteins can be detected. When the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is used instead of both NAA and kinetin, one of these sites, which is membranebound, disappears. After retransferring cells to medium containing NAA and kinetin, this membrane-bound site reappears after four to eight weeks. This reappearance is correlated with the ability of the cells to regenerate roots.Abbreviations IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
20.
Mohamed Kouider Randal Hauptmann Jack M. Widholm Robert M. Skirvin Safi S. Korban 《Plant cell reports》1984,3(4):142-145
Protoplasts could be successfully isolated and cultured from callus and suspension cultures of Malus xdomestica cv. Jonathan. Protoplast-derived colonies were recovered when the osmoticum (glucose) was gradually reduced in semi-solid 8p medium or by the use of feeder plates. Formation of embryo-like structures was induced from the protoplast-derived callus on media supplemented with IAA and BA. These structures formed roots but plants failed to develop. Protoplasts could be isolated from leaves, but not from stems or petioles. The leaf protoplasts failed to divide.List of abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- ABA
abscisic acid
- IAA
indole acetic acid 相似文献