强啡肽A和CCK—8对大鼠脊髓突触小体摄取^45Ca的影响

为了探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)和八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)这两种肽的抗阿片作用机理,本实验中观察了三种阿片类物质(吗啡、强啡肽和 DPDPE)和两种抗阿片物质(AⅡ和 CCK-8)对大鼠脊髓突触小体摄取~(45) Ca 的影响。结果表明:(1)在脊髓腹柱突触小体上,10nmol/L—1μmol/L 的吗啡、强啡肽 A(Dyn A)和 DPDPE 对~(45)Ca 摄取均有较弱的抑制作用;(2)CCK-8在浓度高达lμmol/L 时对~(45)Ca 摄取有较弱的抑制作用;(3)AⅡ在浓度高达lμmol/L时也不影响腹柱突触小体摄取~(45)Ca;(4)在背柱的突触小体制备中,上述阿片物质中 Dyn A 对~(45)Ca 摄取有较强的抑制作用,并被 k 受体阻断剂 nor-BNI 所阻断。10和100nmol/L 的 CCK-8能翻转lμmol/L Dyn A 对~(45)Ca 摄取的抑制作用;(5)A Ⅱ不能翻转Dyn A 的抑制作用。以上结果提示,CCK-8阻断 Dyn A 抑制脊髓背柱突触小体摄取 Ca~(2+)的作用可能是其行为学中抗阿片作用的机理之一。AⅡ对脊髓 Ca~(2+)摄取和 Dyn A 抑制脊髓 Ca~(2+)摄取的作用皆无影响,与行为学中观察到的 AⅡ在脊髓内不能对抗阿片镇痛的现象一致,进一步说明 CCK-8和AⅡ拮抗阿片类物质对神经末梢 Ca~(2+)摄取的影响可能是其抗阿片作用的重要机理之一。     

17β-雌二醇诱导血管内皮细胞一氧化氮释放及其与细胞内钙的关系

利用小牛胸主动脉内皮细胞（ＢＡＥＣｓ）作为模型,观察１７β－雌二醇（Ｅ２）ＢＡＥＣｓ一氧化氮（ＮＯ）释放、一氧化氮合酶（ｅＮＯＳ）ｍＲＮＡ表达和细胞内钙（〔Ｃａ＾２＋〕ｉ）的影响,以及雌激素受体（ＥＲ）拮抗剂ｔａｍｏｘｉｆｅｎ和ＮＯＳ抑制剂（Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）的作用。结果显示,Ｅ２（１０＾－１２￣１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）呈尝试依赖性促进ＢＡＥＣｓ中ＮＯ的释放,以１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度Ｅ２处理ＢＡＥＣｓ     

阿片肽类物质对大鼠黄体细胞孕酮生成的影响

本文观察了外源性阿片肽对大鼠离体黄体细胞孕酮生成的影响,结果表明:β-内啡肽以剂量-反应依赖方式促进黄体细胞孕酮生成,有效浓度范围是10~(-8)-10~(-6) mol/L;强啡肽仅在浓度为10~(-6)mol/L时才显示刺激孕酮生成的作用;而甲硫-脑啡肽无明显作用。μ-阿片受体激动剂DAGO和乙基吗啡也能明显促进孕酮的生成。纳洛酮可完全阻断β-内啡肽,DAGO和乙基吗啡的作用。由于大鼠血液中β-内啡肽含量较低,而卵巢局部具有较高浓度的β-内啡肽。因此,我们认为,β-内啡肽可能在卵巢局部参与黄体细胞孕酮生成的调节,是卵巢内促黄体因子之一,这种作用可能是由μ-型阿片受体介导的。     

Effect of opiates on Ca2+ transport in synaptosomes

Potassium-stimulated uptake of Ca2+ by nerve-ending fractions from rat brain (synaptosomes) is inhibited by morphine and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin. This effect develops significantly within 1 minute. The opiates do not affect the Ca2+ efflux from the synaptosomes. Naloxone, the opiate antagonist, does not reverse the effect of morphine on synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake, and in this respect itself acts similarly to morphine).     

白介素—2对心肌细胞[Ca^2＋]i的作用及其信号转导途径

为研究白介素－2（interleukin-2,IL-2）对心肌细胞内钙浓度（[Ca^2 ]i）的影响及其信号转导途径,实验采用酶解法分离成年大鼠心室肌细胞,以Fura-2/AM为钙探针,用细胞内双波长钙荧光系统检测细胞[Ca^2 ]i的变化。结果发现：（1）IL－2（0.5-200U/ml）浓度依赖性地降低单个心室肌细胞内钙态,IL－2（200U／ml）对咖啡因诱导的肌浆网内储钙的释放无影响;（2）纳洛酮(naloxone,Nal)(10^-8mol/L）和nor-binaltorphimine(nor-BNI,10^-8mol/L）可阻断IL－2对心肌细胞钙瞬态的作用,而纳曲吲哚（naltrindole,NTI）（10^-6mol/L）不能阻断此作用;（3）κ阿片受体激动剂U50488H（10^-6mol/L）降低心肌细胞钙瞬态,nor-BNI(10^-8mol/L）可阻断此作用;（4）5mg/L百日咳毒素（PTX）预处理可取消IL－2降低心肌细胞钙瞬态的作用,而酪氨酸激酶抑制剂genistein(10^-4mol/L）不能取消IL－2的作用;（5）U73122预处理可阻断IL－2的作用。研究结果表明,IL－2降低心肌细胞钙瞬态的作用,是通过心肌细胞上κ阿片受体介导的,其下游途径包括PTX敏感的G蛋白和磷脂酶C。     

ATP-dependent calcium transport in rat parotid basolateral membrane vesicles. Modulation by agents which elevate cyclic AMP

ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport was studied in basolateral membrane vesicles prepared from rat parotid gland slices incubated without or with agents which increase cyclic AMP. Isoproterenol (10(-5) M), forskolin (2 X 10(-6) M) and 8-bromocyclic AMP (2 X 10(-3) M) all increased ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake 1.5- to 3-fold. The effect of isoproterenol was concentration-dependent and blocked by the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Enhanced uptake did not appear an artifact of vesicle preparation as apparent vesicle sidedness, 45Ca2+ efflux rates, specific activity of marker enzymes and equilibrium Ca2+ content were identical in vesicle preparations from control and 8-bromocyclic AMP-treated slices. Kinetic studies showed the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport system in vesicles from 8-bromocyclic AMP-treated slices displayed a approximately 50% increase in Vmax and in Km Ca2+, compared to controls. The data suggest that physiological secretory stimuli to rat parotid acinar cells, which involve cyclic AMP, result in a readjustment of the basolateral membrane ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump.     

甲硫—脑啡肽对大鼠DRG分离神经元ATP—激活内向电流的抑制

本研究探讨了甲硫-脑啡肽(met-Enk)对ATP-激活电流(IATP)的调制作用.实验在大鼠新鲜分离背根神经节(DRG)神经元上进行.应用全细胞膜片钳技术所记录的IATP为内向电流.在被检测的DRG神经元中,90.0%(45/50)的细胞对ATP有反应.在45个对ATP敏感的细胞中对大部分细胞(29/45)施加met-Enk(10-9～10-5mol/L)也引起一内向电流;少部分细胞(9/45)为外向电流;其余的细胞(7/45)未引起可检测的膜反应.预加met-Enk后IATP明显地被抑制,此种抑制作用为剂量依赖性的.在预加10-9、10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5mol/Lmet-Enk后,IATP的抑制分别为13.2±5.4%(n=5)、39.2±8.6%(n=8)、54.1±8.6%(n=8)、43.3±7.9%(n=7);43.1±7.9%(n=7)(mean±SKM).阿片肽拮抗剂纳洛酮能翻转此种抑制效应.IATP的量-效关系表明,预加met-Enk后曲线明显压低,在浓度为10-3mol/L时IATP下降约25%,而Kd值几乎不变.应用二次钳压技术胞内透析H-9(PKA抑制剂)能取消此种抑制作用.上述结果提示met-Enk对IATP的抑制效应为非竞争性抑制作用,可能是由于阿片受体激活后,经相应的胞内信号转导途径使ATP受体磷酸化所致.     

Effects of Taurine and Mitochondrial Metabolic Inhibitors on ATP-Dependent Ca2+ Uptake in Synaptosomal and Mitochondrial Subcellular Fractions of Rat Retina

ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was investigated at low Ca2+ concentrations (10 microM) in rat retinal synaptosomal and mitochondrial preparations obtained by differential centrifugation on Ficoll gradients. Ca2+ uptake in the synaptosomal and mitochondrial subcellular preparations was stimulated by ATP and additionally stimulated by ATP plus taurine. The ATP-dependent and taurine-stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptakes were inhibited by mitochondrial metabolic inhibitors (atractyloside, oligomycin, and ruthenium red). These metabolic inhibitors had a greater effect on the ATP-dependent and taurine-stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake activities in the mitochondrial preparation than in the synaptosomal preparation. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in a synaptosomal subfraction obtained by osmotic shock was only partially inhibited by atractyloside. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in the synaptosomal subfraction was also stimulated by taurine but to a lesser extent than in either the synaptosomal or mitochondrial preparation. These studies suggest that mitochondria are primarily responsible for taurine-stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in synaptosomal preparations.     

血管钠肽抑制异丙肾上腺素增强的大鼠心肌细胞钙瞬变

采用光谱荧光法研究血管钠肽(vasonatrin peptide,VNP)对心肌细胞内钙瞬变的作用及其机制,观察钠尿肽鸟苷酸环化酶(guanylate cyclase,GC)受体的特异性阻断剂(HS-142-1)、8-溴-环磷酸鸟苷(8-Br-cGMP)和镁蓝(methylene blue,MB)对心肌细胞内钙瞬变的影响。结果显示,异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,Iso)(10~(-10)～10~(-6)mol/L)可剂量依赖性地引起心肌细胞内钙瞬变增强,相对于对照组分别增强(13±8)%(P>0.05)、(26±13)%(P<0.05)、(66±10)%(P<0.01)、(150±10)%(P<0.01)和(300±25)%(P<0.01)。此效应可被β肾上腺素受体阻断剂普萘洛尔(10~(-6)mol/L)所阻断。VNP(10~(-10)～10~(-6)mol/L)可剂量依赖性地抑制Iso(10~(-8)mol/L)引起的心肌细胞内钙瞬变幅值的升高,相对于Iso(10~(-8)mol/L)分别减弱(99±3)%(P>0.05)、(96±2)%(P<0.05)、(84±6)%(P<0.01)、(66±3)%(P<0.01)和(62±3)%(P<0.01)。8-Br-cGMP(10~(-7)～10~(-3)mol/L)也可剂量依赖性地抑制Iso(10~(-8)mol/L)引起心肌细胞内钙瞬变的增强。HS-142-1(2×10~(-5)mol/L)使VNP的作用几乎完全消失。MB是GC的抑制剂,10~(-5)mol/L MB不但使VNP的作用完全消失,而且增强Iso对心肌细胞内钙瞬变的效应。VNP和HS-142-1本身对心肌细胞内钙瞬变无显著影响。而MB使心     

Nonpeptidic antagonists of ETA and ETB receptors reverse the ET-1-induced sustained increase of cytosolic and nuclear calcium in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells

Our previous work showed that ET-1 induced a concentration-dependent increase of cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca]c) and nuclear Ca2+ ([Ca]n) in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). In the present study, using hVSMCs and 3-dimensional confocal microscopy coupled to the Ca2+ fluorescent probe Fluo-3, we showed that peptidic antagonists of ETA and ETB receptors (BQ-123 (10(-6) mol/L) and BQ-788 (10(-7) mol/L), respectively) prevented, but did not reverse, ET-1-induced sustained increase of [Ca]c and [Ca]n. In contrast, nonpeptidic antagonists of ETA and ETB (respectively, BMS-182874 (10(-8)-10(-6) mol/L) and A-192621 (10(-7) mol/L)) both prevented and reversed ET-1-induced sustained increase of [Ca]c and [Ca]n. Furthermore, activation of the ETB receptor alone using the specific agonist IRL-1620 (10(-9) mol/L) induced sustained increases of [Ca]c and [Ca]n, and subsequent administration of ET-1 (10(-7) mol/L) further increased nuclear Ca2+. ET-1-induced increase of [Ca]c and [Ca]n was completely blocked by extracellular application of the Ca2+ chelator EGTA. Pretreatment with the G protein inhibitors pertussis toxin (PTX) and cholera toxin (CTX) also prevented the ET-1 response; however, strong membrane depolarization with KCl (30 mmol/L) subsequently induced sustained increase of [Ca]c and [Ca]n. Pretreatment of hVSMCs with either the PKC activator phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate or the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide did not affect ET-1-induced sustained increase of intracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that both ETA- and ETB-receptor activation contribute to ET-1-induced sustained increase of [Ca]c and [Ca]n in hVSMCs. Moreover, in contrast to the peptidic antagonists of ET-1 receptors, the nonpeptidic ETA-receptor antagonist BMS-182874 and the nonpeptidic ETB-receptor antagonist A-192621 were able to reverse the effect of ET-1. Nonpeptidic ETA- and ETB-receptor antagonists may therefore be better pharmacological tools for blocking ET-1-induced sustained increase of intracellular Ca2+ in hVSMCs. Our results also suggest that the ET-1-induced sustained increase of [Ca]c and [Ca]n is not mediated via activation of PKC, but via a PTX- and CTX-sensitive G protein calcium influx through the R-type Ca2+ channel.