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目的:研究非活性深红酵母(Rhodotorula rubra)对重金属离子Pb^2+的生物吸附热力学和动力学特性。方法:采用恒温摇床振荡吸附的实验方法,研究Pb^2+生物吸附的动力学和热力学,并以适当的数学模型对实验数据进行拟合;对吸附前后的酵母进行红外光谱及X射线光电子能谱分析。结果:在20℃~45℃温度范围内,吸附5min时即达到了饱和吸附量的80%以上,2h左右达到平衡;深红酵母对Pb^2+的生物吸附过程适宜用Elovich方程来描述;由二级动力学方程计算的生物吸附活化能为21.56kJ/mol;生物吸附平衡可用Langmuir等温式、Freundlich等温式及Dubinin-Radushkevich等温式来描述,拟合相关系数均接近0.99;Langmuir方程计算所得ΔH^0为13.93kJ/mol。结论:深红酵母对Pb^2+的生物吸附是非均相的扩散过程,由快速吸附和慢速吸附两个阶段组成,以物理吸附为主,并伴随有化学吸附。 相似文献
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小球藻对水溶液中Zn2+、Cd2+的吸附 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对小球藻生物吸附Zn^2 ,Cd^2 的影响因素进行了研究,发现小球藻对Zn^2 ,Cd^2 的生物吸附主要经历了快速的物理吸附和缓慢的化学吸附两个步骤;pH值是影响Zn^2 ,Cd^2 生物吸附的一个重要因素,pH值为6-7时,小球藻对Zn^2 ,Cd^2 的去除率较高,在实验条件下去除率可达87%以上;研究还表明,小球藻干粉比新鲜藻能富集更多的Zn^2 ,Cd^2 。用Freundlich方程模拟吸附等温线,拟合良好。 相似文献
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小球藻吸附水中Pb2+影响因素的初步研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
对小球藻生物吸附水中Pb2 + 的影响因素作了初步研究。实验表明 :在小球藻处于指数生长期和静止期时加入Pb2 + ,去除率达 6 0 %以上 ;当藻细胞密度一定时 ,随着Pb2 + 浓度的增加 ,Pb2 + 的去除率增大 ;当Pb2 + 浓度一定时 ,随着藻细胞密度的增加 ,小球藻对Pb2 + 的去除率增大 ,藻细胞密度为 1 2 9× 10 8个 /ml时 ,去除率可达 92 82 % ;加强光照可以促进小球藻对Pb2 + 的吸附 ;在pH值为 5~ 10的范围内 ,pH对Pb2 + 吸附影响不大 ,较佳的pH值在 7左右。实验最佳条件的去除率在 90 %以上 ,去除效果较好。 相似文献
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试验研究了小球藻吸附U(VI)的过程, 探讨了吸附机理、吸附热力学和动力学。考查了pH值、时间、U(VI)的起始浓度和温度等对吸附的影响。研究表明, pH值对小球藻的吸附效果影响较大, 小球藻吸附U(VI)的最佳pH值为6, 最大吸附量为2.7 mg/g, 吸附在5 min内基本达到平衡。小球藻对U(VI)的吸附量与其浓度的正相关; 温度在20℃~30℃时, 对铀的吸附影响不大。实验结果还表明, 吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程, 其相关系数达0.99, 该吸附为多种反应同时作用的复杂过程。U(VI)在小球藻上的吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir等温方程来描述。 相似文献
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试验研究了小球藻吸附U(VI)的过程,探讨了吸附机理、吸附热力学和动力学.考查了pH值、时间、U(VI)的起始浓度和温度等对吸附的影响.研究表明,pH值对小球藻的吸附效果影响较大,小球藻吸附U(VI)的最佳pH值为6,最大吸附量为2.7mg/g,吸附在5min内基本达到平衡.小球藻对U(VI)的吸附量与其浓度的正相关;温度在20℃-30℃时,对铀的吸附影响不大.实验结果还表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,其相关系数达0.99,该吸附为多种反应同时作用的复杂过程.U(VI)在小球藻上的吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir等温方程来描述. 相似文献
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蛋白核小球藻对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的生物吸附及其影响因素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
藻类吸附作用影响重金属在水生生态系统中的迁移过程及其环境行为。同时,利用藻类吸附能力是修复重金属污染水体和重金属废水处理的一项清洁、廉价和高效的技术。测定了蛋白核小球藻对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附和脱附动力学,表明吸附是快速表面过程,吸附4 h后基本达到平衡,不易脱附。研究了蛋白核小球藻对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附热力学,绘制了吸附等温线,并用Langmuir模型进行拟合,相关系数R2分别为0.9906和0.9827,计算得到最大吸附量分别为0.373 mmol Pb/g和0.249 mmolCd/g。考察了pH值、离子强度和温度等环境因素对蛋白核小球藻吸附Pb2+和Cd2+的影响。结果表明,蛋白核小球藻对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附量在pH值5.0—6.0之间达到最大值,并随着溶液离子强度的增加而降低,随着溶液温度的升高而增加。温度的影响还表明,蛋白核小球藻对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附是吸热过程。实验还考察了水体环境中普遍存在的溶解性有机质主要成分-富里酸的影响,表明富里酸会抑制蛋白核小球藻对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附,重金属离子浓度较低时的抑制效果更明显,最大抑制率分别达到了34.2%和34.9%。由于其对重金属的较高吸附量和吸附本身快速完成的特性,蛋白核小球藻有望成为较理想的生物吸附剂,在重金属污染水体的生物修复及废水处理中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献