Isolation and characterization of 10 new compound microsatellite markers for a mangrove tree species,Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae)

Avicennia marina is an ecologically important mangrove tree species. We isolated 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci from this species using an improved technique. Our isolated loci provided compound microsatellite markers with polymorphism of two to six alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.025 to 0.625 and from 0.096 to 0.767, respectively. These markers would be the useful tools for researching on the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of A. marina.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from fireweed,Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (Asteraceae)

Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from invasive fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) populations in the Hawaiian archipelago. These loci provided markers with polymorphism of six to 24 alleles per locus within 96 individuals collected from two populations from the island of Maui. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.31 to 0.91 and from 0.056 to 1. These markers should be useful to study the importance of genetic diversity in invasion success of this species.     

Development of microsatellite markers for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metrosideros boninensis</Emphasis> (Myrtaceae), an endangered endemic plant species from the Bonin Islands,Japan

Metrosideros boninensis is an endangered endemic plant species from the Bonin Islands. We isolated and characterized nine microsatellite loci in this species. The expected heterozygosities of these nine markers ranged from 0.127 to 0.768. These markers described here will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow, and planning for conservation of M. boninensis.     

Microsatellite markers for Lycium ruthenicum (Solananeae)

We developed microsatellite markers in Lycium ruthenicum, a desert plant widely distributed in northwestern China. In order to investigate its population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and its evolutionary history, we have isolated 11 novel microsatellite loci primers and characterized them in 24 individuals from 3 populations of L. ruthenicum using the combined biotin capture technique. For these microsatellites, one to seven alleles per locus were identified. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.958, meanwhile the expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.841. These microsatellite markers could be first useful for population level studies like genetic diversity and structure in this species.     

Identification and characterization of microsatellite markers from the starfish Asterina pectinifera expressed sequence tags

The starfish (Asterina pectinifera) is a common species widely distributed along the coasts of East Asia. Nevertheless, little information is currently available about the genetic characteristics of native populations. In this survey, the first set of 14 microsatellite markers for the starfish was developed from expressed sequence tag databases. They were characterized using 40 samples. Number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 14. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.300 to 0.825 and from 0.479 to 0.919, respectively. These informative microsatellite markers will be useful in studies of population genetic structure for this species.     

Isolation and characterization of twelve novel microsatellite loci in the ark shell <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scapharca broughtonii</Emphasis>

Scapharca broughtonii is an over-exploited bivalve in China. In order to promote a conservation program for this species, it is necessary to evaluate its genetic diversity and population genetics. For this purpose, we isolated twelve novel polymorphic microsatellite markers and examined their allelic variation using 40 wild individuals collected from one locality along the Chinese coast. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 22 per locus with the expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.444 to 0.944. These markers will be useful for the assessment of genetic variation for this species.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)

Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci from Lasiopodomys brandtii have been isolated and characterized. Two to 11 alleles per locus were detected from 52 Brandt's voles samples collected from a single population. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.406 to 0.840. For the majority of loci observed heterozygosities were similar to or greater than the expected heterozygosity. One locus pair appeared to be in linkage disequilibrium. The microsatellite markers will enable the studies of genetic diversity, population structure and relatedness in this species, and perhaps in closely related species of vole.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in tropical forage Stylosanthes capitata Vogel

Stylosanthes capitata is an important tropical pasture legume. Knowledge of genetic diversity and structure of S. capitata populations is of great importance for the conservation and germplasm management of this species. Thus, eight microsatellite markers were developed from an S. capitata-enriched library. They were characterized in 20 accessions from the germplasm collection of the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa). The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.16 to 0.85 and from 0.40 to 0.85, respectively. These microsatellites are the first set of molecular markers from this species and will contribute towards studies of genetic diversity, conservation and breeding of S. capitata.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the endangered Korean freshwater fish Hemibarbus mylodon

Korean barbel, Hemibarbus mylodon, is an endangered freshwater species endemic to Korea. In order to undertake a conservation program for this species in Korea, it is essential to evaluate its genetic diversity and population structure. For this purpose, we developed 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers and examined their allelic variation using a total of 60 wild individuals collected from three different localities. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 26. The expected and observed heterozygosities per locus ranged from 0.19 to 0.94 and from 0.20 to 0.98, respectively. Significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations occurred in four loci. These markers will be useful for the assessment of genetic diversity for this species.     

A set of microsatellite markers for use in the endangered sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Strongylocentrotus nudus</Emphasis> developed from <Emphasis Type="Italic">S. purpuratus</Emphasis> ESTs

The first set of nine microsatellite markers for the endangered sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus was developed from EST databases of S. purpuratus. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to thirteen. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.645 and from 0.063 to 0.912, respectively. These informative microsatellite markers will be useful in studies of population genetic structure for this species.     

Development of microsatellite markers for Quercus miyagii Koidz. (Fagaceae), an endemic species in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Quercus miyagii is an endemic tree species in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. We isolated and characterized 15 microsatellite loci in this species. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 16 and expected heterozygosities from 0.07 to 0.92. This set of markers is potentially useful to investigate the genetic structure, gene flow, and the biogeographic history of Q. miyagii in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Tiarella polyphylla (Saxifragaceae)

? Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Tiarella polyphylla in Korea and Japan to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the species. ? Methods and Results: We successfully isolated a total of nine polymorphic simple sequence repeat loci. These nine loci contained from two to eight alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.250 and 0.000 to 0.974, respectively. ? Conclusions: The markers developed in this study may be used to estimate genetic diversity, genetic structure, and historical and recent gene flow in T. polyphylla, which requires conservation and management.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

To evaluate genetic variability in Pimelodus maculatus, a small migratory catfish common in South America, we isolated and characterized several microsatellite markers from individuals collected from a population in the River Grande (Brazil). A total of 11 loci were obtained and analyzed. All the loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from three to 27 per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.5 to 0.89 and from 0.53 to 0.95, respectively. These polymorphic markers can be used as effective tools to study the genetic structure in populations of this species.     

Development of microsatellite markers for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Echinops setifer</Emphasis> (Asteraceae), an endangered grassland plant species in Japan

Echinops setifer is an endangered grassland plant species in Japan. We isolated and characterized nine microsatellite loci in this species. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 7 and expected heterozygosities from 0.108 to 0.761. These markers described here will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow, and planning for conservation of E. setifer.     

PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Development of microsatellite markers in the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus (Ommastrephidae)

Todarodes pacificus is an important species for commercial fisheries, but its reproductive biology has been little understood. We isolated 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci from this species. These loci provided highly polymorphic microsatellite markers with four to 26 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.150 to 1.000, and from 0.660 to 0.974, respectively. These markers will be useful for research about the mating systems and genetic diversity of T. pacificus.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Cycas hainanensis C. J. Chen (Cycadaceae)

Cycas hainanensis is an endangered cycad species endemic to Hainan Island, China. To enrich our scientific conservation for this species, we developed eight microsatellite markers using repetitive DNA enriched libraries. The number of alleles per microsatellite locus varied from 8 to 17. The expected (H _E ) and observed (H _O ) heterozygosities varied from 0.4754 to 0.8846 and from 0.3636 to 0.9600, respectively. These markers will be employed to determine whether the ex situ C. hainanensis individuals in Sourh China Botanical Garden capture a representative portion of genetic diversity of the wild populations.     

Development and characterization of 13 microsatellite markers for Cryptocarya concinna in lower subtropical China

We report on the development and characterization of 13 microsatellite markers from repetitive DNA enriched libraries for Cryptocarya concinna from lower subtropical China. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 12. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.4286 to 0.8571, and 0.4725 to 0.8820, respectively. These markers will allow analysis of the baseline genetic variability and population structure of C. concinna to enrich our scientific understanding of forest fragmentation on genetic health of this species and provide strategies for effective conservation and management in this area.     

Development and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii

We developed and characterized 15 microsatellite markers for Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii. In a population from Tennessee, the number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 13 and observed heterozygosities were 0.35 to 0.97 per locus. These loci will provide appropriate variability for estimation of population connectivity, demographic parameters, and genetic diversity for this species of concern.     

Microsatellite markers for Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl. (Caryophyllaceae) and their cross-species transferability

We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Spergularia media (Caryophyllaceae), a perennial halophyte of coastal salt meadows and continental areas of western Eurasia. The number of alleles per locus observed in a single population of 20 individuals from the German North Sea coast ranged from 3 to 20. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.200 to 0.850 and from 0.278 to 0.936 respectively. Observed heterozygosities were lower than expected heterozygosities at all loci, presumably as a consequence of inbreeding. All markers cross-amplified in the closely related S. salina. Of these, nine were polymorphic in the heterologous species. Only two primer pairs generated PCR products in S. diandra.