云南红豆杉细胞培养中紫杉醇的代谢调控

云南红豆杉细胞培养中紫杉醇的代谢调控甘烦远彭丽萍郑光植（中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明６５０２０４）ＭＥＴＡＢＯＬＩＣＲＥＧＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＴＡＸＯＬＯＦＣＥＬＬＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＦＲＯＭＴＡＸＵＳＹＵＮＮＡＮＥＮＳＩＳＧＡＮＦａｎ－Ｙｕａｎ,ＰＥＮ...     

几种叶类蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量变化及其化学调控

几种叶类蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量变化及其化学调控陈振德,冯东升（青岛市农科所,青岛２３６１Ｕ０）（山东农业大学基础部,泰安２７１０１８）ＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＯＦＮＩＴＲＡＴＥＡＮＤＮＩＴＲＩＴＥＣＯＮＴＥＮＴＳＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＲＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＲＥＧＵＬＡ...     

用毛细管电泳技术检测DNA点突变

毛细管电泳(ＣＥ)是90年代初发展起来的新技术,具有分辨率高、重现性好、灵敏度高、快速和易于实现自动化的特点。后来又发展了激光诱导荧光检测器(ＬＩＦ),大大提高了分析灵敏度,对微量样品如单细胞分析等,具有很大的优势。通常,利用ＣＥ技术可以在20ｍｉｎ内分析完成几千个碱基的ＤＮＡ片段。ＣＥ可以应用于ＤＮＡ点突变的检测,目前在ＰＣＲ基础上利用ＣＥ技术对ＤＮＡ已知点突变及未知点突变的检测发展十分迅速。1.已知点突变的检测1.1　扩增抗拒突变系统ＰＣＲ(ＡＲＭＳＰＣＲ)和短串联重复ＰＣＲ(ＳＴＲＰＣＲ)　　ＡＲＭＳＰＣＲ和Ｓ…     

MAPK信号转导通路对炎证反应的调控

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（ｍｉｔｏｈｅｎ－ａｃｔｅｖａｔｃｄ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ｋｉｎａｓａ,ＭＡＰＫ）是生物体内重要的信号转导系统之一,参与介导生长、发育、化裂、分化、死亡以及细胞间的功能同步等多种细胞过程,在哺乳动物细胞中已发现和克隆了ＥＲＫ、ＪＮＫ／ＳＡＰＫ、ｐ３８／ＲＫ、ＥＲＫ５／ＢＭＫ１四个ＭＡＰＫ亚族。这些ＭＡＰＫ能被多种炎性刺激所激活,并对炎症的发生、发展起生重要调控作用。研究感染和炎症反应     

植物抗寒剂提高黄瓜幼苗抗寒力及细胞膜系统冷稳定性的研究

植物抗寒剂提高黄瓜幼苗抗寒力及细胞膜系统冷稳定性的研究张红,简令成,李广敏（河北农业大学,保定０７１００１,中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＣＯＬＤ－ＲＥＳＩＳＴＥＲＦＯＲＥＮＨＡＮＣＩＮＧＣＯＬＤ－ＲＥＳＩＳＴＡ...     

植物细胞质膜氧化还原系统电子传递活性,组成及生理功能

植物细胞质膜氧化还原系统电子传递活性、组成及生理功能邱全胜梁厚果（兰州大学生物系,兰州７３０００１）ＴＨＥＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＡＣＴＩＶＩＴＹ,ＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＥＮＴＳＡＮＤＰＨＹＳＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＴＨＥＲＥＤ...     

LI-6400光合作用测定系统:原理、性能、基本操作与常见故障的排除

ＬＩ┐６４００光合作用测定系统：原理、性能、基本操作与常见故障的排除蒋高明（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）ＬＩ—６４００ＰＯＲＴＡＢＬＥＰＨＯＴＯＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＥＳＳＹＳＴＥＭ：ＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＬＥ,ＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮ,ＢＡＳＩＣＯＰＥＲＡＴＩ...     

酶电泳资料和系统与进化植物学研究综述

酶电泳资料和系统与进化植物学研究综述葛颂（中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放研究实验室北京１０００９３）关键词同工酶,电泳,植物系统学,进化ＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＰＨＯＲＥＴＩＣＤＡＴＡＡＮＤＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＳＹＳＴＥＭＡＴＩＣＳＡＮＤＥＶ...     

低氧对高原鼠兔肝细胞内质网和心肌肌浆网Ca^2＋泵的影响

模拟高原低氧条件研究高原鼠兔肝细胞内质网（Ｅｎｄｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｕｍ,ＥＲ）和心肌肌浆网（Ｓａｒｃｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｕｍ,ＳＲ）钙泵功能变化。实验设对照组（海拔２３００ｍ）和两个低氧实验组（模拟海拔５０００ｍ和７０００ｍ）。２４ｈ急性低氧时,海拔５０００ｍ组高原鼠兔ＥＲ的Ｃａ２＋泵活性无变化,海拔７０００ｍ组高原鼠兔ＥＲＣａ２＋泵活性下降２９．０２％。７ｄ亚急性低氧时高原鼠兔ＳＲ的Ｃａ２＋泵活性无显著变化。高原鼠兔ＥＲ的Ｃａ２＋泵活性在海拔５０００ｍ组和７０００ｍ组分别升高３２．５０％和３３．３３％。２５ｄ慢性低氧时高原鼠兔ＥＲ,ＳＲ的Ｃａ２＋泵活性均无显著变化．表明：急性低氧对Ｃａ２＋泵功能有抑制作用,低氧７ｄ后抑制缓解,至２５ｄ低氧时趋于恢复。     

自动感应照像系统在野生动物调查中的应用

自动感应照像系统在野生动物调查中的应用马世来（中国科学院昆明动物研究所保护生物学中心昆明６５０２２３）里查德·何里来（美国纽约野生动物保护协会ＵＳＡ１０４５０－１０９９）关键词自动感应,照像系统,野外应用,云南ＵＳＥＯＦＲＥＭＯＴＥＣＡＭＥＲＡＳＹＳ...     

Determination of membrane protein topology by red-edge excitation shift analysis: application to the membrane-bound colicin E1 channel peptide

A new approach for the determination of the bilayer location of Trp residues in proteins has been applied to the study of the membrane topology of the channel-forming bacteriocin, colicin E1. This method, red-edge excitation shift (REES) analysis, was initially applied to the study of 12 single Trp-containing channel peptides of colicin E1 in the soluble state in aqueous medium. Notably, REES was observed for most of the channel peptides in aqueous solution upon low pH activation. The extent of REES was subsequently characterized using a model membrane system composed of the tripeptide, Lys-Trp-Lys, bound to dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylserine liposomes. Subsequently, data accrued from the model peptide-lipid system was used to interpret information obtained on the channel peptides when bound to dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine/dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylglycerol membrane vesicles. The single Trp mutant peptides were divided into three categories based on the change in the REES values observed for the Trp residues when the peptides were bound to liposomes as compared to the REES values measured for the soluble peptides. F-404 W, F-413 W, F-443 W, F-484 W, and W-495 peptides exhibited small and/or insignificant REES changes (Delta REES) whereas W-424, F-431 W, and Y-507 W channel peptides possessed modest REES changes (3 nm< or = Delta REES< or = 7 nm). In contrast, wild-type, Y-367 W, W-460, Y-478 W, and I-499 W channel peptides showed large Delta REES values upon membrane binding (7 nm< Delta REES< or =12 nm). The REES data for the membrane-bound structure of the colicin E1 channel peptide proved consistent with previous data for the topology of the closed channel state, which lends further credence to the currently proposed channel model. In conclusion, the REES method provides another source of topological data for assignment of the bilayer location for Trp residues within membrane-associated proteins; however, it also requires careful interpretation of spectral data in combination with structural information on the proteins being investigated.     

Determination of membrane protein topology by red-edge excitation shift analysis: application to the membrane-bound colicin E1 channel peptide

A new approach for the determination of the bilayer location of Trp residues in proteins has been applied to the study of the membrane topology of the channel-forming bacteriocin, colicin E1. This method, red-edge excitation shift (REES) analysis, was initially applied to the study of 12 single Trp-containing channel peptides of colicin E1 in the soluble state in aqueous medium. Notably, REES was observed for most of the channel peptides in aqueous solution upon low pH activation. The extent of REES was subsequently characterized using a model membrane system composed of the tripeptide, Lys-Trp-Lys, bound to dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylserine liposomes. Subsequently, data accrued from the model peptide-lipid system was used to interpret information obtained on the channel peptides when bound to dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine/dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylglycerol membrane vesicles. The single Trp mutant peptides were divided into three categories based on the change in the REES values observed for the Trp residues when the peptides were bound to liposomes as compared to the REES values measured for the soluble peptides. F-404W, F-413W, F-443W, F-484W, and W-495 peptides exhibited small and/or insignificant REES changes (ΔREES) whereas W-424, F-431W, and Y-507W channel peptides possessed modest REES changes (3 nm≤ΔREES≤7 nm). In contrast, wild-type, Y-367W, W-460, Y-478W, and I-499W channel peptides showed large ΔREES values upon membrane binding (7 nm<ΔREES≤12 nm). The REES data for the membrane-bound structure of the colicin E1 channel peptide proved consistent with previous data for the topology of the closed channel state, which lends further credence to the currently proposed channel model. In conclusion, the REES method provides another source of topological data for assignment of the bilayer location for Trp residues within membrane-associated proteins; however, it also requires careful interpretation of spectral data in combination with structural information on the proteins being investigated.     

黄土高原神府资源开采区生态环境质量时空格局特征

煤炭的开采促进了地区经济发展,同时也影响了当地的生态环境。因资源开采区在监测研究中常忽视了生态环境质量的长时间影响和时空变化。以神府开采区为例,基于Landsat系列遥感数据,使用遥感生态指数、Mann-Kendall检验法、R/S分析法等,对该区2000—2020年间生态环境质量时空格局特征进行时间序列分析和空间格局特征研究。结果表明：研究区域20年的RSEI均值为0.469,生态环境质量多年平均属于中等等级。2000—2020年间神府矿区生态环境质量总体上看有所改善,20年前后波动变化维持在0.523;同时建设用地也不断增加,从107.09km²增加至273.53km²。变化趋势上生态环境质量趋势变优、不显著和变差的面积比例分别约为56.1%、16.3%和27.6%。研究区生态环境可持续性整体上不强,大量区域显示反持续性特征。资源开采活动引发的地质环境问题致使生态环境退化,表现为直接影响区生态环境质量低于间接影响区,平均低2.68%。研究揭示了矿区长时间序列的变化状况与未来变化趋势及可持续性特征,探讨工矿业对生态环境质量的影响,为神府矿区...     

基于微粒群算法的辽宁省可持续农业产业结构优化配置研究

针对辽宁省农业产业结构中存在的问题,从经济、生态、社会三方面综合考察,建立了该区域的可持续农业产业结构优化模型,并利用改进的微粒群多目标优化算法对模型进行了求解,为辽宁省以及相似区域的农业产业结构调整提供了理论依据.     

特大型露天煤矿区生态系统演变及其生态储存估算

露天煤矿区生态系统在人为干扰下具有特殊的演变过程。从土地利用变化的角度描述矿区生态系统演变及生态水平变化,旨在为特大型露天煤矿区生态系统研究提供科学依据。以山西省朔州市平朔大型露天煤矿区为研究对象,以1986年、2000年、2013年的遥感影像为主要数据源,在分析研究区近30年土地利用特征的基础上,探讨矿区生态系统的演变过程;同时利用生态储存模型定量分析矿区生态系统在研究时段内所处的水平。结果表明:(1)1986—2013年耕地和林地大幅减少,城镇建设用地和采矿造成的损毁土地面积迅速增加;(2)矿区生态系统各子系统用地之间的转化均较为活跃,城镇扩张、采矿活动加剧、损毁土地复垦是造成这一现象的主要原因;(3)平朔矿区生态系统演变可划分为原地貌阶段、损毁阶段、重建阶段;(4)研究区生态储存状态呈恶化趋势,生态储存转化表现为逆向过程,生态储存能力增强。研究结果可为中国特大型露天煤矿区生态系统研究提供科学依据。     

Exploring membrane organization and dynamics by the wavelength-selective fluorescence approach

Wavelength-selective fluorescence comprises a set of approaches based on the red edge effect in fluorescence spectroscopy which can be used to directly monitor the environment and dynamics around a fluorophore in a complex biological system. A shift in the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission toward higher wavelengths, caused by a shift in the excitation wavelength toward the red edge of absorption band, is termed red edge excitation shift (REES). This effect is mostly observed with polar fluorophores in motionally restricted media such as very viscous solutions or condensed phases where the dipolar relaxation time for the solvent shell around a fluorophore is comparable to or longer than its fluorescence lifetime. REES arises from slow rates of solvent relaxation (reorientation) around an excited state fluorophore which is a function of the motional restriction imposed on the solvent molecules in the immediate vicinity of the fluorophore. Utilizing this approach, it becomes possible to probe the mobility parameters of the environment itself (which is represented by the relaxing solvent molecules) using the fluorophore merely as a reporter group. Further, since the ubiquitous solvent for biological systems is water, the information obtained in such cases will come from the otherwise 'optically silent' water molecules. This makes REES and related techniques extremely useful since hydration plays a crucial modulatory role in a large number of important cellular events, including lipid-protein interactions and ion transport. The interfacial region in membranes, characterized by unique motional and dielectric characteristics, represents an appropriate environment for displaying wavelength-selective fluorescence effects. The application of REES and related techniques (wavelength-selective fluorescence approach) as a powerful tool to monitor the organization and dynamics of probes and peptides bound to membranes, micelles, and reverse micelles is discussed.     

Organization and dynamics of tryptophans in the molten globule state of bovine α-lactalbumin utilizing wavelength-selective fluorescence approach: Comparisons with native and denatured states

Bovine α-lactalbumin (BLA) is known to be present in molten globule form in its apo-state (i.e., Ca²⁺ depleted state). We explored the organization and dynamics of the functionally important tryptophan residues of BLA in native, molten globule and denatured states utilizing the wavelength-selective fluorescence approach. We observed red edge excitation shift (REES) of 7 nm for the tryptophans in native BLA. Interestingly, we show here that BLA tryptophans exhibit considerable REES (8 nm) in its molten globule state. Taken together, these results indicate that tryptophan residues in BLA in native as well as molten globule states experience motionally restricted environment. We further show that even the denatured form of BLA exhibits a modest REES of 3 nm, indicating that the tryptophans are shielded from bulk solvent, even when denatured, due to the presence of residual structure around tryptophan(s). This is further supported by wavelength-dependent changes in fluorescence anisotropy and lifetime for BLA tryptophans. These novel results constitute one of the first reports of REES in the molten globule state of proteins, and could provide vital insight into the role of tryptophans in the function of BLA in its molten globule state in particular, and other partially ordered proteins in general.     

西部干旱区煤炭开采环境影响研究

大规模煤炭资源开采与干旱脆弱生态环境的空间耦合将会诱发日益严峻的社会、环境问题。分析了我国西部干旱区煤炭地下开采对植被、土壤水、地下水、土壤等关键环境要素影响的研究进展与不足;指出现有研究主要以单一环境要素、局部尺度为主,缺乏多尺度综合的环境要素协同损伤规律与井上下联动响应机理等基础研究。因此,现有成果还无法满足指导煤炭开采技术改进与控制环境损伤的需要。建议从井下到井上,从工作面、矿井、矿区、流域多尺度综合实现地空一体化同步监测,加强对西部干旱矿区各关键环境要素的协同损伤规律研究;加强对井上下环境要素对开采地质条件响应机理研究;建立不同开采条件、不同评价尺度下,矿区开采环境损伤的评价与预测模型。     

Effect of ionic strength on folding and aggregation of the hemolytic peptide melittin in solution

Melittin is a cationic, amphipathic, hemolytic peptide composed of 26 amino acid residues. It is intrinsically fluorescent due to the presence of a single tryptophan residue, which has been shown to be crucial for its hemolytic activity. It undergoes a structural transition from a random coil monomer to an alpha-helical tetramer at high ionic strength. Although the aggregation behavior of melittin in solution is well characterized, dynamic information associated with the aggregation of melittin is lacking. In this paper, we have monitored the effect of ionic strength on the dynamics and aggregation behavior of melittin in aqueous solution by utilizing sensitive fluorescence approaches, which include the red edge excitation shift (REES) approach. Importantly, we demonstrate that REES is sensitive to the self-association of melittin induced by ionic strength. The change in environment experienced by melittin tryptophan(s) is supported by changes in fluorescence emission maximum, polarization, and lifetime. In addition, the accessibility of the tryptophan residue was probed by fluorescence quenching experiments using acrylamide and trichloroethanol as soluble and hydrophobic quenchers, respectively. Circular dichroism studies confirm the ionic strength-induced change in the secondary structure of melittin. Taken together, these results constitute the first report showing that REES could be used as a sensitive tool to monitor the aggregation behavior of melittin in particular and other proteins and peptides in general.     

基于DPSIR模型的国家级生态文明先行示范区生态文明建设分析评价——以湘江源头为例

结合国家级生态文明先行示范区生态文明建设的基本要求,将欧洲环境局的DPSIR环境管理模型引入到其生态文明建设分析评价当中,阐述了其分析评价的四个核心要点,并据此从生态制度、生态经济、生态社会和生态环境4个方面选取40个指标建立了评价指标体系,以湘江源头国家级生态文明先行示范区为研究对象,运用粗糙集理论和方法,就其生态文明建设展开分析评价,验证了评价模型的合理性、可操作性。结果表明:一是DPSIR模型能够很好地体现生态文明建设各因素间的因果关系信息,模型显示,可通过增强"驱动力"、降低"压力"、优化"状态"、妥对"影响"、全面"响应"等途径来增强示范区生态文明建设效果。二是从指标权重和研究的结果来看,对生态文明建设有着正向影响且权重较大的指标,要重视其正向影响并积极推动其效应最大化,对一些制约或影响生态文明建设的负向指标,要严格做好控制工作并减少其影响效应。三是研究得出湘江源头国家级生态文明先行示范区宁远、江华和蓝山三县生态文明建设总体水平呈现稳步上升的趋势。生态社会、经济和制度的"驱动力"持续增强,生态资源和环境"状态"不断改善,生态社会和经济"影响"逐渐合妥,生态社会、经济和环境"响应"全面迅速,但经济转型、资源和环境"压力"仍然亟待降低。建议从生态文明先行示范区创建的要求着手,对照目标,弥补差距,推动示范区建设高质量发展。