乙型肝炎病毒变异与肝细胞癌发生关系

乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitisBvirus,HBV）基因组复制时,以病毒前基因组RNA作为模板合成子代病毒DNA,催化该过程的逆转录酶缺乏校对功能,所以HBV易出现变异。近年来,各国学者通过比较肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）患者和非HCC患者的HBV基因序列,发现HBV基本核心启动子区的A1762T／G1764A变异或T1753V变异、增强子Ⅰ区的G1053A或G1229A变异、前S蛋白的F141L变异、前s2区基因缺失变异和x基因的截短变异,分别是HCC的易患因素,而前c区常见的G1896A变异,与HCC的发生无关。增强子Ⅱ区的C1653T变异在c基因HBV感染中可能与发生HCC有关,而在A基因型可能无关。     

Association between HLA Variations and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Saudi Arabian Patients

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) play an important role in the regulation of immune response against infectious organisms, including HBV. Recently, several genome-wide association (GWAS) studies have shown that genetic variations in HLA genes influence disease progression in HBV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HLA genetic polymorphisms and their possible role in HBV infection in Saudi Arabian patients. Variations in HLA genes were screened in 1672 subjects who were divided according to their clinical status into six categories as follows; clearance group, inactive carriers, active carriers, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and uninfected healthy controls. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belonged to HLA-DQ region (rs2856718, rs7453920 and rs9275572) and two SNPs belonged to HLA-DP (rs3077 and rs9277535) were studied. The SNPs were genotyped by PCR-based DNA sequencing (rs2856718) and allele specific TaqMan genotyping assays (rs3077, rs7453920, rs9277535 and rs9275572). The results showed that rs2856718, rs3077, rs9277535 and rs9275572 were associated with HBV infection (p = 0.0003, OR = 1.351, CI = 1.147–1.591; p = 0.041, OR = 1.20, CI = 1.007–1.43; p = 0.045, OR = 1.198, CI = 1.004–1.43 and p = 0.0018, OR = 0.776, CI = 0.662–0.910, respectively). However, allele frequency of rs2856718, rs7453920 and rs9275572 were found more in chronically infected patients when compared to clearance group infection (p = 0.0001, OR = 1.462, CI = 1.204–1.776; p = 0.0178, OR = 1.267, CI = 1.042–1.540 and p = 0.010, OR = 0.776, CI = 0.639–0.942, respectively). No association was found when polymorphisms in HLA genes were compared in active carriers versus cirrhosis/HCC patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that variations in HLA genes could affect susceptibility to and clearance of HBV infection in Saudi Arabian patients.     

恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性乙型肝炎临床观察

目的：探讨恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性乙型肝炎的疗效与安全性。方法：140例慢性乙肝患者随机分为2组：观察组予恩替卡韦0．5mg／d,对照组予拉米夫定100mg／d,疗程均为48周。观察两组HBVDNA阴转率、ALT复常率、HbeAg血清转换率以及不良反应发生情况。结果：在治疗12周后,观察组与对照组HBVDNA阴转率分别为47．1％、22．9％（P〈0．01）,ALT复常率分别为51．4％、31．4％（P〈0．05）,在治疗48周后,观察组与对照组HBVDNA阴转率分别为88．6％、48．6％（P〈0．01）,ALT复常率分别为90．0％、72．9％（P〈0．01）。HbeAg血清转换率无统计学差异,两组患者未见严重不良反应。结论：恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性乙肝患者,较拉米夫定起效快、作用强,且安全性好。     

恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg 阳性乙型肝炎临床观察

目的:探讨恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性乙型肝炎的疗效与安全性。方法:140例慢性乙肝患者随机分为2组:观察组予恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d,对照组予拉米夫定100 mg/d,疗程均为48周。观察两组HBV DNA阴转率、ALT复常率、HbeAg血清转换率以及不良反应发生情况。结果:在治疗12周后,观察组与对照组HBV DNA阴转率分别为47.1%、22.9%(P<0.01),ALT复常率分别为51.4%、31.4%(P<0.05),在治疗48周后,观察组与对照组HBV DNA阴转率分别为88.6%、48.6%(P<0.01),ALT复常率分别为90.0%、72.9%(P<0.01)。HbeAg血清转换率无统计学差异,两组患者未见严重不良反应。结论:恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性乙肝患者,较拉米夫定起效快、作用强,且安全性好。     

乙型肝炎病人重叠感染丙型肝炎的评价

应用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＣＲ法检测５０２例乙肝病人血清,４０１例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性血清中,有１１４例（２８．４％）抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ双项阳性,２５例（６．２％）ＨＣＶＲＮＡ单项阳性;２１例（５．２％）抗－ＨＣＶ单项阳性。将ＨＢｓＡｇ乙肝病人分成ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性组和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性组。前者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为１１．６％～２０．５％,ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为１６．２％～２０．５％。后者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２０．２％～５５．６％,ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为２３％～６０．３％。结果说明长期携带ＨＢＶ者和慢性乙肝病人均可重叠ＨＣＶ感染。ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率明显高于ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组     

Effects of Entecavir on Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Patients with Hepatitis B

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 48-week entecavir therapy on serum and intrahepatic hepatitis B virus, covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) levels in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients. A total of 120 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis were treated with entecavir for 48 weeks. Serum HBV markers, total HBV DNA, and HBV cccDNA levels were measured at baseline and week 48. Biopsies from 20 patients were available for both intrahepatic total HBV DNA and cccDNA testing at these timepoints. HBV cccDNA levels were decreased from a median level of 5.1×10⁶ copies/mL at baseline to a median level of 2.4×10³ copies/mL at week 48. Reduction magnitudes of HBV cccDNA in patients with normalized alanine aminotransferase levels and those undergoing HBeAg seroconversion were significantly greater than those in alanine aminotransferase-abnormal and HBeAg positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV cccDNA was decreased significantly after 48 weeks of treatment, but could not be eradicated. In conclusion, treatment of HBeAg-positive hepatitis B patients with entecavir for 48 weeks decreased serum and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA significantly, and the magnitude of HBV cccDNA reduction was related to total HBV DNA decrease, alanine aminotransferase normalization, and HBeAg seroconversion.     

Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Hepatitis B E Antigen Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Elevated Hepatitis B Virus DNA Levels

Objectives

We investigated whether long-term clinical outcomes such as disease progression or inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier state can be predicted by baseline factors in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative HBV infected patients with an elevated viral load.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 527 HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infected patients with an elevated viral load (HBV DNA ≥ 2,000 IU/ml) was assessed for disease progression defined by the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or cirrhotic complication, as well as becoming an inactive carrier.

Results

During a median 3.6 years of follow-up, disease progression was detected in 46 patients (40 with HCC, 6 with cirrhotic complication), and 31 of 309 non-cirrhotic patients became inactive carriers. Older age, male gender, cirrhosis, high HBV DNA levels at baseline, and short antiviral therapy duration were independent risk factors for HCC. Low HBV DNA and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) levels were independent predictors for becoming inactive carriers in patients without cirrhosis. In non-cirrhotic patients with both low qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels, the 5-year cumulative incidence of an inactive carrier was 39.8%, while that of disease progression was 1.6%.

Conclusion

HBeAg negative patients without cirrhosis can be closely monitored for becoming an inactive carrier when both HBV DNA and qHBsAg levels are low, as the risk of disease progression is low while incidence of an inactive carrier is high.     

The Association of IL28B Polymorphism and Graft Survival in Patients with Hepatitis C Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of liver transplantation (LT) in Western countries. Polymorphism in the IL28B gene region has a major impact on the natural history and response to antiviral treatment in HCV. We investigated whether IL28B polymorphism was associated with graft survival in patients with or without HCV undergoing LT. 1,060 adult patients (age >18 years) underwent LT between years 2000 and 2008. Patients with previous LT, living donor LT and patients dying or requiring retransplants within 30 days of LT were excluded. DNA samples of 620 (84%) recipients and 377 (51%) donors were available for genotyping of IL28B rs12979860C>T. Donor IL28B genotypes had no significant differences in graft survival irrespective of HCV status. There was no difference in graft outcome in the non-HCV cohort (n = 293) based on recipient IL28B genotype. In the HCV group (n = 327), recipients with CC or CT genotype had better graft survival compared to TT genotype (62% vs. 48%, p = 0.02). HCV recipients with CC or CT genotype had delayed time to clinically relevant HCV recurrence compared to TT (10.4 vs. 6.7 months, p = 0.002). The beneficial effect of the CC/CT genotype on HCV recurrence and graft survival was independent of antiviral treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that in contrast to donor IL28B genotype recipient IL28B was associated with graft survival and clinically relevant HCV recurrence in HCV infected recipients. No effect of IL28B genotype was manifest in non-HCV LT recipients.     

IL28B Polymorphism Correlates with Active Hepatitis in Patients with HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B

Background & Aims

The clinical relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B gene is controversial in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of viral and host factors, including IL28B genotypes, in the natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods

The study enrolled consecutive 115 treatment-naive CHB patients. HBV viral loads, genotypes, precore and basal core promotor mutations, serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) levels as well as four SNPs of IL28B were determined. Serial alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in the previous one year before enrollment at an interval of three months were recorded. Factors associated with active hepatitis, defined as persistent ALT >2× upper limit of normal (ULN) or a peak ALT level >5× ULN, were evaluated.

Results

The prevalence of rs8105790 TT, rs12979860 CC, rs8099917 TT, and rs10853728 CC genotypes were 88.3%, 87.4%, 88.4% and 70.9%, respectively. In HBeAg-positive patients (n = 48), HBV viral load correlated with active hepatitis, while in HBeAg-negative patients (n = 67), rs10853728 CC genotype (p = 0.032) and a trend of higher IP-10 levels (p = 0.092) were associated with active hepatitis. In multivariate analysis, high viral load (HBV DNA >10⁸ IU/mL, p = 0.042, odds ratio = 3.946) was significantly associated with HBeAg-positive hepatitis, whereas rs10853728 CC genotype (p = 0.019, odds ratio = 3.927) was the only independent factor associated with active hepatitis in HBeAg-negative population.

Conclusions

HBV viral load and IL28B rs10853728 CC genotype correlated with hepatitis activity in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB, respectively. Both viral and host factors play roles in disease activity during different phases of CHB.     

Ovarian Failure Related to Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2B Mutations

Ovarian failure (OF) at age <40 years occurs in approximately 1% of all women. Other than karyotype abnormalities, very few genes are known to be associated with this ovarian dysfunction. We studied eight patients who presented with premature OF and white-matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging. Neurological signs may be absent or present after OF. In seven patients, we report for the first time mutations in three of the five EIF2B genes (EIF2B2, -4, and -5) that were recently shown to cause childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white-matter disease leukodystrophy. The correlation we observed between the age at onset of the neurological deterioration and the severity of OF suggests a common pathophysiological pathway.     

抗病毒治疗乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者的临床研究

目的:探讨抗病毒治疗乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭(acute on chronic liver failure,ACLF)的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2007年8月~2013年8月我院收治的乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭的住院患者80例,按照患者有无接受抗病毒治疗分为抗病毒治疗组(A组)50例和未抗病毒治疗组(B组)30例,分析患者接受治疗后的近期与远期疗效、并发症及生存率。结果:1出院时A组好转率70%;B组好转率33.3%。两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=10.243,P=0.0010.05)。2治疗14周后A组乙肝病毒DNA阴转率72%;B组阴转率30%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=13.440,P=0.0000.05)。3A组出现细菌感染45例,电解质紊乱41例,消化道出血5例,肝性脑病10例,肝肾综合征10例,B组出现细菌感染30例,电解质紊乱27例,消化道出血6例,肝性脑病10例,肝肾综合征12例,两组比较差异无统计学意义(x2=2.755,P=0.0970.05)。4随访5年,A组存活36例,死亡14例,12、36和60个月累积生存率分别为78.5%、71.2%、71.2%,B组存活5例,死亡25例,12、36和60个月累积生存率分别为35.4%、27.5%、27.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者给予抗病毒治疗可明显改善预后,提高生存率。     

New Point Mutations in Surface and Core Genes of Hepatitis B Virus Associated with Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Identified by Complete Genomic Sequencing

The objective of this study was to identify new viral biomarkers associated with acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) by complete genomic sequencing of HBV. Hepatitis B virus mutations associated with ACLF were screened by Illumina high-throughput sequencing in twelve ACLF cases and twelve age-matched mild chronic hepatitis B patients, which were validated in 438 chronic hepatitis B patients (80 asymptomatic carriers, 152 mild chronic hepatitis B patients, 102 severe chronic hepatitis B patients and 104 ACLF patients) by direct sequencing. The results of Illumina sequencing showed that the mutations at 7 sites (T216C, G285A, A1846T, G1896A, C1913A/G, A2159G, and A2189C) of 12 ACLF patients were significantly higher than those of 12 controls. In the validation cohorts, a significantly higher ratio of genotype B to C was found in patients with ACLF than in patients with non-ACLF. Multivariate analysis showed that T216C, G1896A, C1913A/G and A2159G/C were independent risk factors for ACLF. C216 in any combination, A/G1913 in any combination, and G/C2159 in any combination had high specificity for ACLF. In summary, T216C and A2159G/C mutations were novel factors independently associated with ACLF. Combined mutations in hepatitis B cases could play important roles in ACLF development.     

恩替卡韦治疗乙型肝炎相关急性肝衰竭疗效和安全性研究

目的:通过临床观察,研究乙型肝炎相关急性肝衰竭的综合治疗中恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗的有效性和安全性.方法:本研究前瞻性选取了近18个月住院的15例感染乙型肝炎病毒而明确诊断急性肝衰竭的患者,明确诊断后第一时间给予每日服用恩替卡韦0.5mg抗病毒治疗,定期观察生化及病毒学指标,并予以随访.结果:15名患者中除5例病情恶化死亡,2例行原位肝移植外,其余8例服用恩替卡韦患者痊愈出院并完整随访.所有病人在开始恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗后2个月内生化指标完全正常,HBVDNA低于检测下限,耐受性良好.6个月内有7位患者都发生了血清学转换,一位患者HBsAg始终阳性.结论:通过临床观察进一步证实,对乙肝相关急性肝衰竭患者尽早使用恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗,可以缩短病程,改善预后,甚至避免肝移植.     

中国北方HLA-B27阳性强直性脊柱炎患者同乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性率无相关性

目的:评测中国北方人群HLA-B27阳性的强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者同乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBSAg)阳性率之间的相关性。方法:对我院2013年1~12月149例HLA-B27阳性的AS患者组和281例健康人组,以及264例HLA-B27阳性样本组和239例HLA-B27阴性样本组进行研究,外周血淋巴细胞HLA-B27阳性率的检测使用BeckmanCoulter公司的FC500流式细胞仪和BD公司的HLA-B27检测试剂盒(流式细胞法)。结果:149例HLA-B27阳性的AS患者中仅有2例为HBs Ag阳性(1.34%),281例健康人对照组中有9例为HBs Ag阳性(3.20%),二者之间无统计学差异(P0.05,卡方检验)。进一步检测发现264例HLA-B27阳性样本组和239例HLA-B27阴性样本组中HBSAg阳性样本分别为7(2.65%)和5例(2.09%),二者之间无统计学差异(P0.05,卡方检验)。结论:中国北方HLA-B27阳性强直性脊柱炎患者同乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性率无相关性。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV基因分型

为了解长春市慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型情况及其与临床特点的相关性,应用型特异性引物进行巢式PCR方法对长春市69例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV进行基因分型检测。在69例血清标本中,B型10例(占14.5%);C型41例(占59.4%);B C混合型8例(占11.6%);未分型的患者共10例(占14.5%)。C基因型患者的HBV-DNA定量、HBeAg阳性率明显高于B基因型患者(HBV-DNA:P<0.01;HBeAg:χ2=3.98,P<0.05),C基因型患者肝功检查指标谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和总胆红素(TB IL)均较B基因型患者高(P<0.01)。长春地区存在HBV B基因型、C基因型、B C混合基因型及未分型,C基因型为优势基因,引起的肝脏活动性炎症较B基因型明显。     

Replication Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in Co-Infected Patients in Chinese Population

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections contributes to a substantial proportion of liver disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and virological features of HBV-HCV co-infection.

Methods

Demographic data were collected for 3238 high-risk people from an HCV-endemic region in China. Laboratory tests included HCV antibody and HBV serological markers, liver function tests, and routine blood analysis. Anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed for HCV RNA levels and subgenotypes. HBsAg-positive samples were tested for HBV DNA.

Results

A total of 1468 patients had chronic HCV and/or HBV infections. Among them, 1200 individuals were classified as HCV mono-infected, 161 were classified as HBV mono-infected, and 107 were classified as co-infected. The HBV-HCV co-infected patients not only had a lower HBV DNA positive rate compared to HBV mono-infected patients (84.1% versus 94.4%, respectively; P<0.001). The median HCV RNA levels in HBV-HCV co-infected patients were significantly lower than those in the HCV mono-infected patients (1.18[Interquartile range (IQR) 0–5.57] versus 5.87[IQR, 3.54–6.71] Log₁₀ IU/mL, respectively; P<0.001). Furthermore, co-infected patients were less likely to have detectable HCV RNA levels than HCV mono-infected patients (23.4% versus 56.5%, respectively; P<0.001). Those HBV-HCV co-infected patients had significantly lower median HBV DNA levels than those mono-infected with HBV (1.97[IQR, 1.3–3.43] versus 3.06[IQR, 2–4.28] Log₁₀ IU/mL, respectively; P<0.001). The HBV-HCV co-infection group had higher ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, APRI and FIB-4 levels, but lower ALB and total platelet compared to the HBV mono-infection group, and similar to that of the HCV mono-infected group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that co-infection with HCV and HBV inhibits the replication of both viruses. The serologic results of HBV-HCV co-infection in patients suggests more liver injury compared to HBV mono-infected patients, but is similar to HCV mono-infection.     

拉米夫定联合胸腺肽A1 治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨拉米夫定(LAM)联合胸腺肽α1(Tα1)治疗慢性乙型肝炎的长期疗效和安全性。方法:72例慢性乙肝患者(HBV-DNA和HBeAg均阳性),按1:1随机分配进入联合治疗组(LAM+Tα1组)和单用拉米夫定组(LAM组)。结果:治疗1年时LAM+Tα1组HBeAg血清转换率(44.4%,16/36例)明显高于LAM组(5.6%,2/36例),P<0.01。停药1年后,持续的HBeAg血清转换率分别为36.1%(13/36例)和8.3%(3/36例),P<0.01。治疗过程中及停药后,两组HBV-DNA水平均明显下降,但两组的HBV-DNA转阴率相仿。治疗后1年ALT复常率联合治疗组与拉米夫定组相似,分别为75%(27/36例)和66.7%(24/36例)、随访1年时ALT复常率联合治疗组明显高于拉米夫定组,分别为58.3%(21/36例)和16.7%(6/36例)。在治疗过程中,未发现严重的不良反应。结论:LAM联合Tα1治疗慢性乙肝,不良反应少,疗效优于单一LAM用药组。