ON THE FORAGING METHOD OF THE BANDED GYMNOGENE

Bennett, G. F., Earlé, R. A. &; Peirce, M. A. 1993. The Leucocytozoidae of South African birds: Musophagiformes, Cuculiformes and Piciformes. Ostrich 64:73-78.

The leucocytozoids of the avian orders Musophagiformes, Cuculiformes and Piciformes are reviewed. Leucocytozoon dinizi Tendeiro, 1947 of the Musophagidae is re-described and a neohapantotype designated. Leucocytozoon centropi Fantham, 1921 is re-described and L. coccyzus Coatney &; West, 1938 is synonymized with it and a neohapantotype designated. Leucocytozoon squamatus Nandi, 1986 of the Pi-cidae is re-described and compared with Leucocytozoon capitonis n. sp. of the piciform family Capitonidae.     

The genus Williamia in the western Pacific (Mollusca: Siphonariidae)

Abstract

The taxonomic status and synonymy of Williamia Monterosato, 1884 are discussed. Williamia is retained in preference to Allerya Mörch, 1877 and Brondelia Bourguignat, 1862, both of which have priority. Roya Iredale, 1912 is transferred from Trochidae to Siphonariidae as a synonym of Williamia. Roya kermadecensis Iredale, 1912 is synonymised with Capulus nutatus Hedley, 1908, which in turn is placed as a geographic subspecies of W. radiata Pease, 1861. Allerya japonica Habe, 1962 is considered a probable synonym of W. radiata. W. maxwelli n.sp. is described from the Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene of New Zealand. Roya spongotheras Bertsch, 1980 is transferred to an undescribed genus of the Tylodinidae.     

Invalidation of the genus Zosteropicola Johnston, 1912 (Cestoda: Paruterinidae: Anonchotaeniinae)

The holotype of Anonchotaenia (Anonchotaenia) clelandi (Johnston, 1912) n. comb. (type-species of Zosteropicola Johnston, 1912) from Zosterops lateralis (Aves: Passeriformes: Zosteropidae) from New South Wales, Australia, is redescribed and figured. Its morphological characteristics correspond fully with the subgenus Anonchotaenia Cohn, 1900: scolex without rostellum and hooks, testes in one transverse row, genital ducts ventral to excretory canals, developing paruterine organ anteroaporal to uterus, vermiform oncospheres, etc. On this basis Zosteropicola is regarded as a junior synonym of the genus Anonchotaenia.     

A STUDY OF THE SPECTACLED WEAVER

New species of haematozoa, namely Leucocytozoon ugwidi sp. nov. from the Cape Cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis and Haemoproteus skuae sp. nov. from the Subantarctic Skua Catharacta antarctica, are described. These are the first species to be recorded from the families Phalacrocoracidae and Stercorariidae, respectively.     

中国八种宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron Walker及两新种记述（膜翅目：金小蜂科）

记述8种宽缘金小蜂及其新寄主并给出了分种检索表,其中包括2新种,即喀什宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron kashiensis sp. nov. 和脉毛宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron trichon sp. nov. 及1新记录种,即同色宽缘金小蜂 Pachyneuron concolor F rster。     

Notes on New Zealand mammals 9: Long‐tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) chased by morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae)

Blood smears from 43 species of bird, mainly from the South Island of New Zealand, were examined for haematozoon parasites. An undescribed species of Leucocytozoon was discovered in the Fiordland crested penguin, Eudyptes pachyrhynchus. It is assigned the name Leucocytozoon tawaki, and the gametocytes are described. Preliminary observations of its development in Austrosimulium austra‐lense, A. dumbletoni, and A. ungulatum are discussed, and the ookinete, oocyst, and sporozoite stages within these hosts are briefly described.     

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is not invasive through Asia: It's been there all along

Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a highly polyphagous fruit fly which, in the last 15 years, has invaded (with or without establishment) Africa, Europe and North America. As a direct result of these invasions, there is increasing research interest in the invasion history and spread patterns of this fly. A statement being repeatedly used in the B. dorsalis invasion literature is that the species was first identified from Taiwan in 1912 and that it subsequently spread through South‐East and South Asia during the 20th century. This assumption is incorrect and stems from: (a) an incomplete knowledge of B. dorsalis taxonomic history; and (b) a confounding of first taxonomic record with first invasion record. Rather than being first detected in Taiwan in 1912, the first record of oriental fruit fly was from “East India” (India orientali) under the synonymous name of Musca ferruginea by Fabricius in 1794, and in the 1910s, it was known not only from Taiwan, but widely across tropical Asia with records from India, Burma, Bengal, Sri Lanka (as Ceylon), Singapore and Indonesia (multiple islands). The taxonomic literature is very clear that oriental fruit fly has not invaded the rest of Asia from Taiwan since 1912, and this error should not continue to be repeated in the literature.     

TWO NEW AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF PREDAEA (NEMASTOMATACEAE,RHODOPHYTA) WITH TAXONOMIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN EMENDED NEMASTOMATALES AND EXPANDED HALYMENIALES1

Two new species of the red algal genus Predaea are described from Australia. The first, Predaea aurora Kraft et G.W. Saunders, sp. nov., is unusual in its cool‐temperate distribution and in a number of anatomical attributes, most notably the rhizoid‐like habit of the nutritive filaments associated with the auxiliary cells. The second species, Predaea tumescens Kraft et G.W. Saunders, sp. nov., inhabits a coral reef habitat more typical of the genus but nonetheless differs in a number of anatomical details from other reported species. Nuclear small subunit rDNA sequences have confirmed the affinity of P. aurora to other species currently included in this genus. Molecular analyses further indicate that Predaea belongs in the Nemastomataceae and that the Nemastomataceae and Schizymeniaceae are sister taxa in an independent clade of “lineage 4” florideophyte algae. As such, a proposal is made to resurrect the Nemastomatales Kylin emend. G.W. Saunders et Kraft to accommodate these two families. Within the Schizymeniaceae, the Australian‐endemic Platoma australicum and Platoma foliosum were only distantly related to the other included Platoma, Schizymenia, and Titanophora spp. We therefore propose Wetherbeella G.W. Saunders et Kraft, gen. nov., to accommodate these two species. An additional outcome of our molecular analyses is that the genus Tsengia is not a member of the Nemastomataceae (where it is currently placed) but rather forms an independent lineage in the Halymeniales that we now designate as the Tsengiaceae G.W. Saunders et Kraft, fam. nov. Finally, the South African Nemastoma lanceolatum J. Agardh is transferred to Tsengia.     

Soil properties associated with the tree decline ‘Mundulla Yellows’

Czerniakowski, B., Crnov, R., Smith, I. W. and Luck, J.E. 2006. Mundulla Yellows (MY) is a progressive dieback syndrome of Eucalyptus and other native species that was first reported in the 1970s. Despite being observed in Australia for over 30 years, the cause of MY has not been determined. To investigate the role of soil properties in MY, foliage and soil from underneath 40 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., E. leucoxylon F. Muell. or E. cladocalyx F. Muell. trees from ten sites in South Australia and Victoria, Australia, were analysed. Soil from sites with symptomatic trees had significantly higher pH, EC and lower available iron when compared to soil from sites with asymptomatic trees. High levels of carbonates (CO₃²⁻/HCO₃⁻) dominated the aqueous soil extract from sites with symptomatic trees. Foliage analysis of 20 symptomatic trees indicated lower levels of total Fe and Mn and higher levels of Na and Cl, compared to 20 asymptomatic trees. This is the first report that associates soil and nutrients with Mundulla Yellows tree decline.     

中国异斑夜蛾属记述及一新记录种（鳞翅目：夜蛾总科）

记述采自华南地区夜蛾科的异斑夜蛾属Heterospila 1新记录种:异斑夜蛾H.nigripalpis(Walker,1869),提供了该种翅脉以及雄性成虫与外生殖器图片。     

A REAPPRAISAL OF THE SUBGENUS GLYCINE

The genus Glycine Willd. is divided into three subgenera, Glycine Willd., Soja (Moench) F. J. Herm., and Bracteata Verdc. Six species are currently recognized in the subgenus Glycine: G. canescens F. J. Herm., G. clandestina Willd., G. falcata Benth., G. latrobeana (Meissn.) Benth., G. tabacina (Labill.) Benth., and G. tomentella Hayata. Distribution of the subgenus extends from south China to Tasmania and includes several Pacific islands. A collection of these species was examined cytologically and morphologically in an attempt to evaluate existing variability between and within taxa. Chromosome counts confirmed G. canescens, G. clandestina and G. falcata to be diploid with 2n = 40. Both tetraploids (2n = 80) and diploids were found in G. tabacina, the latter restricted to Australia. Glycine tomentella accessions were primarily tetraploid, but several collections from New South Wales, Australia, were found to be aneuploid with 78 chromosomes. One collection was aneuploid at the diploid level with 38 chromosomes. Meiosis appeared normal in the aneuploids with regular bivalent formation. Several accessions previously identified as G. tomentella were diploid. Seed of G. latrobeana was not available for analysis. Numerical techniques in the form of cluster analysis and principal components analysis were applied to morphological data on vegetative and inflorescence characters obtained from each collection. Numerical analysis grouped the accessions essentially according to current species delimitations with some exceptions. Glycine tabacina specimens from Taiwan approached G. clandestina in several characteristics. The diploid G. tomentella specimens formed a separate cluster and appeared morphologically distinct from the remaining taxa.     

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN THE PREY OF THE BLACK EAGLE IN THE CAPE PROVINCE,SOUTH AFRICA

Boshoff, A.F., Palmer, N.G., Avery, G., Davies, R.A.G. & Jarvis, M.J.F. 1991. Biogeoraphical and toporaphical variation in the prey of the Black Eagle in the Cape Province, South Africa. Ostrich 62: 58–72.

Prey remains collected at or near Black Eagle Aquilu verreauxii nest sites in the Cape Province, South Africa, were analysed according to frequency of occurrence of prey scies in the samples. A total of 5748 prey individuals, collected from 73 sites, was analysed according to tree biome groups and four nest site types. The Rock Hyrax Procuvia capensis is the dominant prey species, but the eagles' diet sctrum vanestypes. The according to its availability. Indices of species richness and diversity of the prey are inverser correlated with the proportion of the prey contributed by P. capenis, which in turn is determined by topography and vegetation. Biome has a greater influence on the indices than has nest site type. The age structure of the P. capensis prey remains closely reflects the juvenile: sub- adult: adult ratios in the biomes and at the nest site tpes. hfedium-sized (aprox. 1–4,5 kg) pre is usually taken. Juvenile domestic small-stock (lambs ani goat kids) comprised onb 3,4% of the over, total.     

1059. Lachenalia bolusii W.F. Barker: Asparagaceae

The South African geophyte Lachenalia bolusii W.F.Barker is a dainty-flowered plant from semi-arid inland western parts of the Northern and Western Cape. Details of its classification, relationships, history and distribution are given, with notes on cultivation.     

越南产沙巴银莲花(毛茛科)的名实订正(英文)

通过标本检查,发现越南产毛茛科沙巴银莲花(Anemone chapaensis Gagnep.)与主要分布于我国的拟卵叶银莲花(A.howellii J.F.JeffreyW.W.Smith)属于同一种植物,故将前者处理为后者的异名。     

CYTOGEOGRAPHY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF VERBENA

Lewis , Walter H., and Royce L. Oliver . (Stephen F. Austin State Coll., Nacogdoches, Texas.) Cytogeography and phylogeny of the North American species of Verbena. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(7): 638–643. Illus. 1961.—Chromosome numbers of 26 Verbena species in North America, separable into 2 series, are reported. The x = 5 series has no diploid representative, few tetraploids, and numerous widespread hexaploid species, while the x = 7 series has many pandemic diploid species and few tetraploid and hexaploid taxa. When compared with the data available for the South American verbenas, these frequencies and distributions were found to be almost opposite. The origin of the 2 groups from an x = 6 prototype followed by ascending and descending aneuploidy is suggested. Migration via tropical land bridges is proposed to explain the occurrence of both groups in the 2 continents. The following taxa are proposed: subgenus Verbenaca (Schauer) Lewis, and subgenus Glandularia (Gmelin) Lewis.     

Populations of Leucocytozoon Gametocytes in Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) from Hardwicke Island,British Columbia1

Population dynamics of round and elongate gametocytes of Leucocytozoon in wild and captive blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus (Say)) from Hardwicke Island, British Columbia, were studied from 1980 to 1982. Blue grouse chicks were sampled weekly throughout each transmission season. Three patterns in the type of gametocyte produced during primary infection were observed in naturally-infected captive and wild blue grouse chicks. Such variation in the expression of the gametocyte stage within a single host population suggests a different interpretation than has been previously reported for species of Leucocytozoon. The data from the primary patterns and profiles coupled with reexposure data and the asynchronous appearance of round and elongate gametocytes can be best interpreted as infection with two concurrent species of Leucocytozoon in blue grouse. More detailed research on the life cycle is necessary to confirm if two species of Leucocytozoon exist in blue grouse.