Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
A M anual of M ethods for the B acteriological E xamination of F rozen F oods (1975).
M icrobiology –1975 (1975).
B acteriophages (1975).     

Tradition in Lemur catta Behavior at Berenty Reserve,Madagascar

Lemur catta Troop D at Berenty Reserve has been studied intermittently for 35 years. During 90 hours of continuous sampling in August 1998, I observed and mapped troop movement and scent marking. I compared these observations with data from June, 1975. The core of Troop D1's 1998 home range is the same as for Troop D in 1975. Sixty-two percent of Troop D1's time in 1998 was spent in the 1975 home range, and 52% of their scent marks were placed in that 1975 home range. The remainder of their time was spent in an extension of their home range, which is now an area of confrontation with an adjacent troop. They used the same sleeping trees in the 2 years, and all of the 1998 scent marks deposited in the 1975 home range were placed in the same locations marked in 1975. The similarities in their use of space in 1975 and 1998 were remarkable.     

Book Reviews

I ntroduction to M odern V irology (1975). S. B. Primrose.
H umic S ubstances—their S tructure and F unction in the B iosphere (1975). Edited by D. Povoledo & H. L. Golterman.
I nfectious M ultiple D rug R esistance (1975). S. Falkom.
D ictyostelium discoideum A D evelopmental S ystem . W. F. Loomis.
L ecture N otes on M edical M icrobiology (1975). R. R. Gillies.
S pores VI (1975). Edited by P. Gerhardt, R. N. Costilow and H. L. Sadoff.     

峡东地区庙坡组栉虫类、宝石虫类和斜视虫类三叶虫

系统描述湖北宜昌和秭归新滩晚奥陶世庙坡组三叶虫动物群中的３科６属６种。根据化石保存状态,挤压变形以及个体发育特征,对前人所报道的产于同一层位的有并三叶虫的研究成果作了重新厘定。     

Besprechungen/Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Schneider, G. (1973): über den Einfluß verschiedener Umweltfaktoren auf den Färbungspolyphänismus der Raupen des tropisch-amerikanischen Schwärmers Weygoldt, P. (1975): Die indirekte Spermatophorenübertragung bei Arachniden Scheloske, H. W. (1975): Fortpflanzungsverhalten und Lauterzeugung bei Laccobius minutus Schutz, F. (1975): Der Einfluß von Testosteron auf die Partnerwahl bei ge-prägt aufgezogenen Stockenten-Weibchen Abs, M. (1975): Zur Entwicklung der Lautäußerungen bei der Haustaube (Columba livia domestica) Gerladi, J. L., W. Heinrich und D. S. Lehrman ? (1975): Quantitative Be-obachtungen zum tagesrhythmischen Balzen, Brüten und Hudern der Lachtaube (Streptopelia risoria) Leisler, B. (1975): Die Bedeutung der Fußmorphologie für die ökologische Sonderung mitteleuropäischer Rohrsänger (Acrocephalus) und Schwirle (Locustella) Rüppell, G. (1975): Die Stoßtauchmanöver des Blaufußtölpels (Sula nebouxii) und des Meerespelikans (Pelecanus occidentalis) Pohl-Apel, G., und R. Sossinka (1975): Gonadenentwicklung beim Wellen-sittich, Melopsittacus undulatus Löhrl, H. (1975): Brutverhalten und Jugendentwicklung beim Mauerläufer (Ticbodroma muraria) Müller, H., und F. Moysich (1975): Beitrag zur Aktivität des Zwergsägers (Mergus albellus L.) Güttinger, H. R. (1975): Zur Fortpflanzungsperiodik des Himalaya-Grünlings (Carduelis spinoides) Köhler, K.-L. (1975): Eine neue Navigationshypothese für Nah- und Fern-orientierung Martens, J. (1975): Akustische Differenzierung verwandtschaftlicher Beziehungen in der Parus (Periparus)-Gruppe nach Untersuchungen im Nepal-Himalaya Bezzel, E. (1975): Die Wirksamkeit der Kotattacken von Wacholderdrosseln (Turdus pilaris) Thielcke, G. (1975): Das Schicksal der Greifvögel in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Brauer, K., und W. Schober (1976): Katalog der Säugetiergehirne. Morin, E. (1974): Das Rätsel des Humanen. Grundfragen einer neuen Anthropologic Mit einem Vorwort von A. Portmann Roederer, J. G. (1975): Introduction to the Physics and Psychophysics of Music (Einführung in die Physik und Psychophysik der Töne)     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
L aboratory M anual of C ell B iology (1975).
P reservation of B acteria with N otes on O ther M icro-organisms (1975).
P athogenic and N on -P athogenic A moebae (1975).     

Book reviews

Golterman, H. L. (1975) Physiological Limnology. An Approach to the Physiology of Lake Ecosystems .
Disney, R. H. L. (1975) . A Key to the Larvae, Pupae and Adults of the British Dixidae (Diptera). The Meniscus Midges .
Balon E. K. and Coche A. G. (Eds.) (1974) . Lake Kariba, a Man-made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa .
Klasvik H. (1974) . Computerised Analysis of Stream Algae.
Lowe-McConnell R. H. (1975). Fish Communities in Tropical Freshwaters .
Roberts R. J. and Shepherd C. J. (1975) . Handbook of Trout and Salmon Diseases .
Nicholas W. L. (1975) . The Biology of Free-living Nematodes , pp. 219.
Smirnov N. N. (1974) . Chydoridae of the World's Fauna .
Steemann Nielsen E. (1975) . Marine Photosynthesis. With Special Emphasis on the Ecological Aspects .     

The 1975 Japanese diet has a stress reduction effect in mice: search for physiological effects using metabolome analysis

Abstract

We aimed to find new physiological effects of the Japanese diet. First, to determine the key components in serum from mice fed the 1975 diet, serum from mice fed the 1960, 1975, 1990 or 2005 Japanese diet was analyzed using CE-TOFMS and LC-TOFMS. Based on these results, the key components were determined by principal component analysis. Among the identified compounds, GABA was included. Therefore, a stress reduction effect was inferred as a novel physiological effect of this diet. Next, we tested whether the 1975 diet had an actual stress reduction effect in mice. Mice were given the 1975 diet or a control diet for 4 weeks, after which they were divided into restraint stress and non-stress groups. Mice fed the 1975 diet had significantly decreased stress parameters compared with those fed the control diet. These results provide the first evidence that the 1975 Japanese diet has a stress reduction effect.     

Childlessness: A panel study of expressed intentions and reported fertility

Abstract

The present research focuses on childed versus childless intentions and subsequent behavior and intentions for a panel of U. S. women. Utilizing data from the 1970 and 1975 National Fertility Surveys (reinterviewed women), we ascertain the consistency between intentions (1970) and behavior and intentions (1975). We find that while women who expressed a zero parity intention in 1970 were very consistent in their behavior and intentions in 1975, nearly 30 per cent of those women intending children had no children by 1975. Furthermore, of these 30 per cent, one‐third had changed their intention to zero parity by 1975. We find that changing intentions from more than zero to zero is associated with higher levels of education, slightly higher income, and to a lesser degree with the importance given religion and with labor force participation.     

Multiple Analyses of G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Expression in the Development of Gefitinib-Resistance in Transforming Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

There is increasing evidence that functional crosstalk between GPCRs and EGFR contributes to the progression of colon, lung, breast, ovarian, prostate and head and neck tumors. In this study, we performed multiple analyses of GPCR expression in a gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, H1975, which harbors an L858R/T790M mutation. To determine the expression profile of mRNAs encoding 384 GPCRs in normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) and H1975 cells, a GPCR-specific microarray analysis was performed. A heat-map of the microarray revealed considerable differences in the expression of GPCRs between NHLF and H1975 cells. From the GPCR expression list, we selected some GPCR agonists/antagonist to investigate whether the respective ligands could affect the growth of H1975 cells. Among them, treatment with either a selective antagonist of adenosine A2a receptors, which were highly expressed in H1975 cell and another gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells, HCC827GR cells or “small interfering RNA” (siRNA) targeting adenosine A2a receptors produced a significant decrease in cell viability of both H1975 and HCC827GR cells. Among up-regulated GPCRs in H1975 cells, Gs-, Gi- and Gq-coupled GPCRs were expressed almost equally. Among down-regulated GPCRs, Gi-coupled GPCRs were dominantly expressed in H1975 cells. The present results suggest that multilayered crosstalk between GPCRs and EGFR may play an important role in orchestrating downstream signaling molecules that are implicated in the development of gefitinib-resistant NSCLC.     

The Edible Molecule…

Pettingill, Olin Se wall, Jr. Another Penguin Summer New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1975 80 pp., $10.00 Reviewed by A. Gilbert Wright

Grant, Verne Genetics of Flowering Plants New York: Columbia University Press, 1975 514 pp., $20.00 Reviewed by Martin Labar

Gutnik, Martin J. Energy: Its Past, Its Present, Its Future Chicago: Childrens Press, 1975 46 pp., individuals $6.60, institutions $4.95 Reviewed by George G. Mallinson

Wild, Robin, and Jocelyn Wild How Animals Work for Us New York: Parents' Magazine Press 64 pp., $4.99, 1975 Reviewed by Harold W. Puffer

Morse, Roger A. Bees and Bee-Keeping Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press 295 pp., $13.50, 1975 Reviewed by W.L. Gojmerac

Heintze, Carl The Bottom of the Sea and Beyond New York: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1975 144 pp., $5.95 Reviewed by Albert C. Jensen

Cottrell, Alan Portrait of Nature New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1975 236 pp., $9.95 Reviewed by Paul S. Cohen

Hart, Leslie A. How the Brain Works New York: Basic Books, 1975 260 pp., $10.50 Reviewed by Julie Ann Miller

Schneider, Herman Science Fun for You in a Minute or Two New York: McGraw-Hill Junior Books, 1975 64 pp., $4.72 Reviewed by Julian R. Brandou

Williamson, H.D. The Year of the Koala New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1975 209 pp., $8.95 Reviewed by Austin T. Hyde

Heady, Eleanor B. Plants on the Go: A Book about Reproduction and Seed Dispersal (Finding-out books) New York: Parent's Magazine Press, 1975 64 pp., $4.59 Reviewed by Herbert Grossman

Durden, Kent A Fine and Peaceful Kingdom New York: Simon and Schuster 160 pp., $7.95, 1975 Reviewed by Robert Deitchman     

Mcl-1 调控NSCLC 对EGFR-TKIs敏感性的实验研究

目的:探讨人髓细胞白血病基因-1(myeloid cell leukemia-1,Mcl-1)是否参与调控非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)对EGFR-TKIs的敏感性,为非小细胞肺癌的治疗提供新的思路。方法:通过Western blot方法检测EGFR-TKIs敏感细胞H3255和耐药细胞H1975中Mcl-1蛋白的表达水平。分别给予敏感细胞H3255和耐药细胞H1975 EGFR-TKIs处理后检测细胞凋亡情况和Mcl-1蛋白表达水平。设计并合成特异性si RNA下调耐药细胞H1975中Mcl-1的表达,采用脂质体转染后通过流式细胞技术检测细胞的凋亡情况。结果:H3255细胞Mcl-1表达水平明显低于H1975细胞。一代EGFR-TKIs Gefitinib显著降低H3255细胞Mcl-1表达而不能减少H1975细胞Mcl-1表达。H1975细胞经二代EGFR-TKIs Afatinib和三代EGFR-TKIs AZD9291处理后Mcl-1表达明显减少。特异性si RNA下调H1975细胞Mcl-1表达可以促进细胞凋亡。结论:Mcl-1参与了调节NSCLC对EGFR-TKIs的敏感性,可能成为防止或逆转NSCLC对EGFR-TKIs耐药的潜在靶点。     

Water chemistry changes during artificial aeration of spruce Knob Lake,West Virginia

The water mass below 3.5 m in Spruce Knob Lake was artificially aerated with a modified full lift aerator during two consecutive summers (1974 and 1975) of an investigation that began in July of 1973 and ended in September, 1975. Artificial aeration increased water temperature below 3.5 m without causing destratification. Several chemical parameters were significantly affected by artificial aeration, especially from July to autumnal overturn in 1974 and 1975. Below 3.5 m, total inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nitrite, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus, were lower during aeration than in the summer of no aeration (1973). Although artificial aeration lowered soluble reactive and total phosphorus, there was no significant impact on the phosphorus budget of the impoundment. In 1975, continuous aeration from vernal overturn to autumnal overturn resulted in higher nitrate concentrations below 3.5 m than in the preceeding summers. Lower pH values encountered through the whole water column in 1975 followed a brief isothermal interruption of summer stratification in early June. There was no direct effect of artificial aeration on either temperature or water chemistry parameters in the epilimnion. Significantly lower chlorophyll concentrations observed in 1975 were related to destratification in June. Primary production was unaffected by aeration.     

8-mm Cassette Films in the Teaching of Biology

Textbook of Theoretical Botany Volume 4 R. C. McLEAN and W. R. IVIMEY-COOK 595 pp, illustrated. London: Longman, 1973. £12-00. Reviewed by Eric Caulton

Introduction to Human and Social Biology DON MACKEAN and BRIAN JONES 282 pp, illustrated. London: John Murray, 1975. £2.15. Reviewed by Charles Brady

The Educational Use of Living Organisms: A Source Book P. J. KELLY and J. D. WRAY 195 pp, illustrated. London: English Universities Press, for the Schools Council, 1975. £3.50. Reviewed by Tessa Davey

Handbook on the Laboratory Mouse CHARLES G. CRISPENS 267 pp. Springfield, fll.: Charles C. Thomas, 1975. $9.75. Reviewed by D. Lovell

Photosynthesis M. A. TRIBE, M. R. ERAUT and R. K. SNOOK 77 pp, illustrated. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. £500. Reviewed by J. I. Williams

Bone and Biomineralization Studies in Biology No. 53 K. SIMKISS 59 pp. London: Edward Arnold, 1975. £2.30 boards, £1.15 paper. Reviewed by Colin Stoneman

Chromosome Hierarchy: An Introduction to the Biology of the Chromosome BERNARD JOHN and KENNETH R. LEWIS 171 pp, illustrated. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975. £7.00 boards, £3.50 paper. Reviewed by R. A. E. Tilney-Bassett

Animal Behaviour: An Evolutionary Approach JOHN ALCOCK 547 pp, illustrated. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, 1975. £6.60. Reviewed by S. M. Evans

Animal Behaviour Readings from Scientific American, edited by THOMAS EISNER and EDWARD O. WILSON 339 pp, illustrated. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman &; Co., 1975. £7.15 boards, £3.95 paper. Reviewed by S. M. Evans

Biological Anthropology Readings from Scientific American, edited by SOLOMON H. KATZ 494 pp, illustrated. San Francisco and Reading: W. H. Freeman &; Co., 1975. £8.30 boards, £3.50 paper. Reviewed by Paul Rogers

Investigations in Behaviour and Elementary Neurobiology F. M. SPEED and J. J. B. SMITH 184 pp, illustrated. London: Macmillan Education, 1975. £2.20. Reviewed by John A. Barker

Fisheries, Resources of the Sea and their Management DAVID CUSHING 87 pp. London: Oxford University Press, 1975. £3.50. Reviewed by W. H. Dowdeswell

The Food and Health of Western Man JAMES L. MOUNT 270 pp. London: Charles Knight &; Co., 1975. £5.50. Reviewed by Erica F. Wheeler

The Oxford Book of Trees Text by A. R. CLAPHAM Illustrated by BARBARA E. NICHOLSON 216 pp. London: Oxford University Press, 1975. £4.95. Reviewed by Vicky W. Smith

Oxford Biology Readers London: Oxford University Press 44 Differentiation in Higher Plants, D. H. Northcote. 1974. 60p. 49 Spore Liberation in Cryptogams, C. T. Ingold. 1974. 30p. 52 Insect Flight, J. W. S. Pringle. 1975. 30p. 57 Disease in Higher Plants, R. K. S. Wood. 1974. 60p. 77 The Golgi Apparatus, G. M. W. Cook. 1975. 30p. 78 The Productivity of the Sea, D. H. Cushing. 1975. 30p. 81 The Plasma Membrane, JA. Lucy. 1975. 30p. These booklets form useful additions to the popular Oxford Biology series. Reviewed by David Tomley

Environmental Education Activities Manual WILLIAM B. STAPP and DOROTHY A. COX 6 books, Michigan: Stapp and Cox, 1974. $10 the set. Reviewed by David R. George

Soils and other Growth Media A. W. FLEGMANN and R. A. T. GEORGE 170 pp. London: Macmillan, 1975. £2.50. Reviewed by M. J. Bazin

Lectures on the Phenomena of Life Common to Animals and Plants CLAUDE BERNARD 288 pp, illustrated. Springfield, 111.: Charles C. Thomas, 1974. $12.95. Reviewed by Diana Manuel     

The discovery of a source of adult hematopoietic cells in the embryo

This essay is about the 1975 JEEM paper by Fran?oise Dieterlen-Lièvre (Dieterlen-Lièvre, 1975) and the studies that followed it, which indicated that the adult hematopoietic system in the avian embryo originates, not from the blood islands of the extraembryonic yolk sac as was then believed, but from the body of the embryo itself. Dieterlen-Lièvre's 1975 paper created a paradigm shift in hematopoietic research, and provided a new and lasting focus on hematopoietic activity within the embryo body.     

The effect of nutrient addition on the phytoplankton community of an oligotrophic lake

This investigation was performed during a 5-yr period (1974–1978) in the oligotrophic Lake Langvatn, Central Norway. In 1975 and 1976 the lake was enriched with a commercial fertilizer, In 1975 increase in phytoplankton biomass was first recorded more than three weeks after the fertilization started, despite a near fivefold increase in the primary production after fertilizer application. The mean seasonal biomass increased from c. 3500 mg wet weight m⁻² in 1974 to 4400 mg in 1975. In 1976 the biomass increased to near 9600 mg ⁻² and the seasonal primary production to 49.0 g C m⁻² (22.2 g C in 1975), despite a reduction in the nutrients added. Chrysophytes constituted the largest share of the seasonal algal biomass in all years, but in fertilization periods cryptophytes dominated in 1975 and diatoms, chlorophytes and cryptophytes in 1976. The highest biomass turnover rate was recorded during a period of cryptophyte dominance. The different biomass and production development in the fertilization years may be explained by a change in the consumer level.     

Weather Forecasting: The View from Space…

Findley, James S.; Harris, Arthur H.; Wilson, Don E.; and Jones, Clyde Mammals of New Mexico Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1975 360 pp., $8.50 Reviewed by Vagn Flyger

Piers, Helen Grasshopper and Butterfly New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975 80 pp., $5.95, library edition $5.72 Reviewed by N. N. Raghuvir

Gergely, Tibor Animals: A Picture Book of Facts and Figures New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975 47 pp., $5.95, library edition $5.72 Reviewed by Theodore W. Munch

Johnsgard, Paul A. Waterfowl of North America Bloomington, Indiana University Press 1975,575 pp. Reviewed by Kate Curry Vahle

Jacobson, Daniel The Fishermen (Indians of North America) New York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1975 87 pp., $4.90 Reviewed by Robert W. Boenig

Janzen, Daniel H. Ecology of Plants in the Tropics (The Institute of Biology's Studies in Biology, No. 58) London: Edward Arnold (Distributed by Crane, Russak &; Co., New York), 1975 65 pp., $3.75 Reviewed by Rex E. Kerstetter

London, Carolyn The Hospital Doctors, Nurses and Mystery Workers New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1976 86 pp., $5.72 Library Edition Reviewed by Philip C. Anderson

Buxton, Ralph Nature's Gliders Chicago: Children's Press, 1975 32 pp., individuals $6.60, institutions $4.95 Reviewed by Sue Hall

Clarke, H. T. (revised by B. Haynes) A Handbook of Organic Analysis: Qualitative and Quantitative (fifth edition) New York: Crane, Russak &; Co., 1975 291 pp., cloth $35.00, paper $16.00 Reviewed by Lawrence Powell Eblin

Simon, Seymour Discovering What Garter Snakes Do New York: McGraw-Hill Junior Books, 1975 48 pp., $4.72 Reviewed by Carl Gans

Dobbs, Austen, ed. The Birds of Nottinghamshire: Past and Present North Pomfret, Vt.: David &; Charles, 1975 226 pp., $17.00 Reviewed by Gerald R. Rising

Ashworth, J. M., and Dee, Jennifer The Biology of Slime Moulds (The Institute of Biology's Studies in Biology, No. 56) New York: Crane, Russak &; Co., Inc., 1975 67 pp., $3.75 Reviewed by Emanuel D. Rudolph

Exline, Joseph D. Individualized Techniques for Teaching Earth Science West Nyack, N.Y.: Parker Publishing Co., 1975 230 pp., $10.95 Reviewed by Waring B. Hill

Stadtfeld, Curtis K. Whitetail Deer: A Year's Cycle New York: The Dial Press, 1975 163 pp., $7.95 Reviewed by Paul F. Connor

Carrier, Rick Fly: The Complete Book of Sky Sailing New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975 128 pp., $7.95 Reviewed by A.D. Goddard

Duncan, Wilbur H. Woody Vines of the Southeastern United States Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1975 76 pp., $2.50 Reviewed by A. J. Sharp

Barnes, R. S. K. Estuarine Biology (The Institute of Biology's Studies in Biology no. 49) New York: Crane, Russak &; Co., 1975 76 pp., $3.25 Reviewed by Brother G. Nicholas

Bendick, Jeanne How Heredity Works: Why Living Things Are As They Are (Finding-out books) New York: Parent's Magazine Press, 1975 64 pp., $4.59 Reviewed by Donald J. Nash     

Influence of haemoglobin type and selenium status on peripheral plasma progesterone and corticosteroid concentration in ewes grazing oestrogenic pastures.

Peripheral plasma progesterone and corticosteroid concentrations were studied in ewes grazing oestrogenic pastures during oestrus, pregnancy and parturition in 1974 and during pregnancy in 1975. Haemoglobin (Hb) type A ewes had significantly higher mean corticosteroid concentrations than HbB ewes in both years. In 1974 the concentration of progesterone did not differ significantly between Hb types whilst in 1975 the concentration was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in HbA ewes. The mean corticosteroid concentrations were higher in selenium-supplemented ewes of both Hb types than in unsupplemented ewes in 1974 but lower in 1975. Selenium treatment did not significantly influence the progesterone concentration in ewes of both Hb types in 1974 but significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in 1975. It is concluded that the higher concentration of plasma corticosteroids or factors regulating the relationship between corticosteroids and progesterone could be responsible for the higher estimates of embryonic mortality reported in HbA ewes.     

Epidemiologic and serologic study of listeriosis in man and domestic and wild animals in Austria]

In the framework of a study aimed to ascertain the possibilities of infection transmission from mother to child the athors examined serologically gravid women for toxoplasmosis and antibodies against listeriosis, using routine methods, in Austria in 1974, 1975 and 1975. Almost all gynecologists of the region of Styria (Austrial), who systematically delivered data concerning abortions, premature births and stillbirths, were invited to take part in the study. At the same time data concerning domestic and wild animals examined for antibodies against listeriosis in Austria in 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977, were compared.