D染色体组对小麦酯酶同工酶的影响

应用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析了灌浆期种子胚乳的酯酶同工酶。结果表明,具有 D 染色体组的节节麦、偏凸山羊草和粗厚山羊草都有1条迁移率相同的 E_(1-1)带。在普通小麦(AABBDD)和二粒系小麦(AABB)的酶谱中,E_(1-1)和 E_(1-2)各自由两条紧密靠近的带构成。这两个种的 E_3区都有5条带。虽然两个种的小麦之间这些带的迁移率没有差异,但是,其活性不同,而且表现出规律性的变化。二粒系和普通小麦之间正反交杂种的酶谱大多倾向于母本类型,表现出 D 染色体组的剂量效应。     

冬小麦幼苗春化期间过氧化物酶的变化

研究了冬小麦幼苗在春化过程中过氧化物酶同工酶谱、过氧化物酶活性和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。在冬小麦春化过程的中期,过氧化物酶同工酶谱存在着较显著的变化,第二条主要谱带逐渐减弱和接近消失,靠近正极的第四条主要酶带有所加强。而舂小麦正相反,第四条及第五条酶带都因春化处理而减弱。同时观察到春化21天以后冬小麦幼苗可溶性蛋白质含量迅速增加。     

植物对二氧化硫的反应和抗性研究——Ⅶ.SO_2熏气对小麦叶片过氧化物酶的影响

小麦叶片的过氧化物酶活性随年龄增大而上升,同工酶谱也随不同叶层叶龄的增大而加强,并出现新的酶带。 SO_2熏气促进小麦叶片的过氧化物酶活性,不同层次叶片比较,幼嫩叶片促进程度比老叶大些。SO_2熏气对小麦叶片过氧化物酶同工酶的某些酶带有加强作用,并能诱导产生新的酶带。同一叶片的前半叶伤害比后半叶重,过氧化物酶活性也以前半叶为大,说明过氧化物酶活性的提高与伤害有一定关系。     

汞对玉米、小麦幼苗生长及过氧化物酶同工酶的影响

7ppm Hg~#对玉米、小麦幼苗生长具一定的刺激作用,而10ppm Hg~#则抑制幼苗生长。Hg~#对两种作物根系生长有不同的生理效应,而对玉米、小麦根系过氧化物酶影响表现为谱带减少或活性减弱。     

几种同工酶与猕猴桃品种对溃疡病抗性关系的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、同工酶分析技术分别研究了猕猴桃植株体内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酯酶(EST)同工酶谱带的变化,结果表明:自然感染溃疡病前后,此6种同工酶谱带特征在不同抗感品种中表现出一定的差异.未感染溃疡病菌前,抗(感)品系枝条、叶片POD同工酶均有2条酶带,PPO同工酶有3条酶带,但感病品种酶带颜色深且粗,而抗病品种酶带颜色浅且细,叶片酶带颜色深于枝条;SOD、CAT同工酶谱带均为1条,Rf值分别为0.38、0.28,感性品种较抗耐品种谱带亮度高活性强;自然发病后,抗(感)品系POD、PPO同工酶谱带数都增加,分别为4、3条和5、4条,且抗病品种新酶带出现较感病品种早且酶带粗颜色深活性强,感病品系虽也有新酶带出现,但酶带少活性弱,抗病品系枝条、叶片POD、PPO同工酶新谱带的Rf值分别为0.63、0.67和0.85、0.87;抗感病品种SOD、CAT同工酶都被诱导产生了1条新的同工酶谱带,Rf分别为0.32和0.27,新酶带现色时间迟,且酶带颜色浅活性弱,但抗耐品种较感性品种谱带亮且活性强;EST同工酶于自然发病前后变化不大,与抗病性关系不很明显.     

汞对玉米、小麦幼苗生长及过氧化物酶同工酶的影响

7ppm Hg ++对玉米,小麦幼苗生长具一定的刺激作用,而10PPm Hg++则抑制幼苗生长。Hg++对两种作物根系生长有不同的生理效应,而对玉米、小麦根系过氧化物酶影响表现为谱带减少或活性减弱。     

八倍体小黑麦的醋酶同工酶

在小黑麦的醋酶同工酶研究中,一些报道 指出,六倍体小黑麦的胚乳产生5条快速移动 带,带1, 2和3来自小麦,带5来自黑麦,带4 是杂种带;小麦和黑麦胚乳样品机械混合物的 酶谱中,只有1.2、3和带5^[367]。在比较六倍 体小黑麦（AABBRR）和某些八倍体小黑麦 (AABBDDRR）时,我们看到在两者的醋酶同工 酶酶谱中都有上述E,区5条标志带^[3]。同时, 我们也发现,有一些八倍体小黑麦表现出另外 一种类型的酶谱,对这种酶谱还未见报道。对 于八倍体小黑麦的遗传育种,鲍文奎等曾进行 过许多研究^[12]。为了研究八倍体小黑麦醋酶同 工酶的特点,我们对中国农业科学院作物研究 所提供的14个八倍体小黑麦进行了醋酶同工 酶的电泳分析,     

小麦、黑麦和小黑麦酯酶同工酶的比较研究

小麦及其亲缘属酯酶同工酶的研究引起许多学者的重视。Bhatia发现普通小麦和某些四倍体小麦的酯酶同工酶酶谱没有差异。Barber等人观察到小黑麦能产生5条快速移动带,在带5(来自黑麦)和带1、2、3(来自小麦)之间出现了1条新的带4。Mitra等人1971年也得到类似的结果,并把这一新形成的酶带假设为杂种带。Sing等人研     

八倍体小黑麦的酯酶同工酶

在小黑麦的酯酶同工酶研究中,一些报道指出,六倍体小黑麦的胚乳产生5条快速移动带,带1、2和3来自小麦,带5来自黑麦,带4是杂种带;小麦和黑麦胚乳样品机械混合物的酶谱中,只有1、2、3和带5。在比较六倍体小黑麦(AABBRR)和某些八倍体小黑麦(AABBDDRR)时,我们看到在两者的酯酶同工酶酶谱中都有上述E_1区5条标志带。同时,我们也发现,有一些八倍体小黑麦表现出另外     

应用酯酶同工酶技术分析激光处理小麦的诱变效应

用He—Ne、Ar~+和CO_23种激光分别辐照小麦浙麦3号干种子,以不处理为对照(CK),在三叶期分别提取酯酶,应用等电聚焦聚丙烯酰胺疑胶(SDS—PAGE)电泳分析其酯酶同工酶,电泳模式表明,He—Ne激光、Ar~+激光处理后出现的酶谱同对照一样,主要集中在Ⅲ区,并有4条相同酶带(Rf=0.88、0.78、0.75和0.71),而CO_2激光处理则出现了16条酶带,其中8条分布在Ⅲ区,6条分布在Ⅱ区,2条分布在Ⅰ区。电泳分析表明,不同激光的诱变效应为:CO_2>He—Ne>Ar~+>CK。     

Peroxidase Isozyme Study in the Interspecific Advanced Lines From Gossypium

By using thin-layer-isoelectrofocusing technique, the authors have been studied peroxidase isozymes activities of the true leaves (at the flower bud stage) and the anthers in the interspecific advanced lines (ALs) from Gossypiurn hirsuturn × G. arboreum, which have been steadily inherited from twenty generations. It was found that: 1. The peroxidase isozymes were similar in different varieties of plants from the same species, but some what different among species originated from the same genome group, and showed remarkably interspecific isozymes difference among species originated from different genome group. 2. The zymograms of the ALs were similar to those of the female parent G. hirsuturn "Keiyi 2”, and obviously different from those of the male parent G. arboreum "Wanzi”.     

Comparisons of Isolates of Fusarium avenaceum from White Lupin and Other Crops by Pathogenicity Tests,DNA Analyses and Vegetative Compatibility Tests

Isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, mostly from crops of white lupin or wheat, were tested for pathogenicity on white lupin and wheat plants and compared by DNA tests and, in a limited study, vegetative compatibility. Most of the 80 isolates were pathogenic on both plant species after inoculation on shoot bases. Disease severity was greater at higher incubation temperatures that ranged from 15/10°C to 25/20°C (day/night temperatures). Isolates from lupin crops tended to be more pathogenic, on average, on lupins than on cereals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA distinguished two groups of isolates that occurred in different proportions among isolates from lupins and cereal crops. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)‐PCR analyses indicated considerable genetic variation among isolates, but there was some similarity among groups of isolates from populations in the same field. Genetic diversity was confirmed by a high degree of vegetative incompatibility among 20 isolates using nitrate nonutilizing mutants. There were no relationships among pathogenicity, RFLP group, RAPD group and vegetative compatibility group.     

用ISSR标记检测黄麻野生种与栽培种遗传多样性

利用ISSR标记对黄麻属((Corchorus)10个种27份材料的遗传多样性进行分析,25个ISSR引物共扩增出283条带,平均每个引物扩增出10．48条带,多态性条带比例(PPB)为92．85％;种间遗传相似系数在0．33～0．97之间。表现出丰富的遗传多样性．系统聚类结果显示,第I、Ⅲ类群均为黄麻属8个种11份原始野生种,种间存在丰富的遗传多样性;第Ⅱ类群为黄麻两个栽培种及其近缘野生种,共16份材料。种遗传相似性较高;基因组聚类结果与经典分类相符．利用分子标记技术研究初步可以认为。荨麻叶种为最原始的黄麻野生种之一;三室种21C为三室种的一个变种;甜麻为一个尚待定性的野生种．同组材料的RAPD和ISSR分析结果,具有较高的相似性和可信度．     

小麦体细胞无性系SSR位点的遗传变异特性分析

研究结果表明:(1)小麦体细胞无性系SSR位点变异类型有:扩增片段迁移率的变大或变小、扩增片段缺失以及新的扩增片段;(2)变异特点为:变异频率与基因型有关,不同染色体组上的SSR位点变异频率不同,而不同无性系后代的SSR位点变异频率也不同;(3)同一SSR位点的变异类型在同一基因型的无性系后代中变异表现一致,在不同基因型无性系后代中的变异表现不同,有的SSR位点在无性系后代中表现出一致的变异,而有的则不一致。     

Genetic differentiation among populations of Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schultes (Poaceae) from ecologically different habitats in central Europe

As observed for many other plant species, the populations of Sesleria albicans in Central Europe are located in habitats, which differ to a high degree from each other with regard to ecological factors such as nutrients, light and water as well as in type of land use. The species colonizes limestone cliffs, pavements, screes, grazed and mown grasslands, heaths, fens and open woodlands. In this study, we used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to investigate the genetic differentiation among 25 populations of S. albicans from six different types of habitat (beech forests, alpine and lowland rocky ridges, lowland screes, fens, calcareous grasslands). With RAPD analysis, 344 fragments could be amplified, of which 95.9% were polymorphic. The level of polymorphism ranged from 29.7 to 56.7% polymorphic bands per population and was correlated with population size. In an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), used to detect variation among individuals within populations, among populations from the same habitat and among different habitats, most of the genetic variation was found within populations (62.06%) and among populations from the same habitat (33.36%). In contrast, only a very low level of differentiation could be observed among different habitats (4.58%). The results of our study give only little evidence for an ecotypic differentiation of Sesleria albicans. This differentiation is principally conceivable, but obviously not related to the investigated RAPD loci.     

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism within and among species of Capillaria sensu lato from Australian marsupials and rodents

The nucleotide variation in a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragment within and among species of Capillaria sensu lato from Australian marsupials and rodents was analyzed using a mutation scanning/sequencing approach. The fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified by PCR from parasite DNA, and analysed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. There was no significant variation in SSCP profiles within a morphospecies from a particular host species, but significant variation existed among morphospecies originating from different host species. The same morphospecies was found to occur in 1-3 tissue habitats within one host individual or within different individuals of a particular species of host from the same or different geographical areas, and morphospecies appeared to be relatively host specific at the generic level. The results indicated that the species of Capillaria sensu lato examined, although highly variable in their host and tissue specificity, may exhibit the greatest degree of specificity at the level of host genus.     

从CIMMYT引进的人工合成六倍体小麦D染色体组微卫星分子标记的遗传差异

采用微卫星（SSR）分子标记技术,选用23个D染色体组特异性引的对来自CIMMYT的26份人工合成六倍体小麦D染色体组的遗传多样性进行了分析。研究发现,26份材料在D染色体组上存在丰富的等位基因变异（92个）,平均每个基因座为4个。遗传距离计算结果也显示,26份材料D染色体组之间具有较大的遗传差异,平均遗传距离高达0．4955。因此,人工合成六倍体小麦D染色体组中存在丰富的遗传多样性,可以作为拓宽普通小麦遗传基础的新的遗传变异来源。研究还发现,由同一个粗山羊草基因型与不同硬粒小麦杂交合成的人工合成六倍体小麦（如合成种17和18）在所用检测的23个基因座中有3个存在差异,说明小麦在多倍化后,供体基因组在重复序列区域会发生遗传分化。     

麦蚜聚集与扩散行为的初步研究

研究种群空间格局(spatial pattern)为我们了解昆虫的有关行为提供了一种有效途径,它一方面揭示了种群个体在某一时刻的行为习性,另一方面描述了该时刻中有关诸环境因素     

甘薯属植物过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对23份甘薯属不同倍性材料进行过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱分析。初步结果表明,过氧化物酶同工酶酶带数目与材料倍性无明显相关性;二倍体或四倍体野生种的种间酶谱差异显著;六倍体野生种不同株系间以及六倍体栽培种甘薯的不同品种间酶谱差异较小;但栽培种甘薯与六倍体野生种I.trifida(6x)、四倍体野生种I.littoralis(4x)以及二倍体野生种I.trifida(2x)的酶谱有4条明显共同标记带,表明其间有一定亲缘关系。     

四种蕨类植物根际土壤中VA菌根真菌孢子种群组成和季相变化

对４ 种移栽到温室中的蕨类植物根际土壤中的ＶＡ 菌根真菌孢子种群组成和季相变化进行了研究, 结果发现, ＶＡ菌根真菌孢子的产生具有明显的宿主依赖性和季相变化。在相同气候条件下, 不同植物根际土壤中的ＶＡ菌根真菌种群组成不同; 同种ＶＡ 菌根真菌在不同宿主植物根际土壤中, 孢子的丰富度有很大的差异。本文对影响ＶＡ菌根真菌孢子种群组成和季相变化的因素进行了讨论。