多穗柯的研究与应用

多穗柯是一种茶、糖、药三种功能兼有的植物,本文对其成分,药理作用研究以及自然资源的综合利用现状进行了综述     

多穗柯棕色素的提取及其应用

前言多穗柯Lithocarpus polystachyus(wall.)Rehd.属壳斗科,常绿乔木,俗称甜茶。叶互生,叶片革质,卵状披针形至近椭圆形,长12～20厘米,宽5～8厘米,先端渐尖或长渐尖,基部楔形全缘,上面深绿色,下面粉绿色,被灰白色鳞粃比,叶中含有丰富的棕色素。该植物分布于我国长江以南各省(区)海拔400米以上的低山密林中,呈野生状态,资源丰富,主要集中于江西、广西及湖南等省,安徽、福建、广东、海南、云南、贵州、四川等省也有生长。印度、泰国也有分布。该植物萌发力强,每年舂、秋可摘嫩叶两次,即使成年树被砍伐后,又可在根部萌发新的植株,此特性为开发利用提供了有利条件。据文献报     

多穗柯叶的综合利用

多穗柯叶的综合利用廖代富,周双姣（南京野生植物研究所）多穗柯Ｌｉｔｈｏｃａｒｐｕｓｐｏｌｙｓｔａｃｈｙｕｓ（Ｗａｌｌ．）Ｒｅｈｄ．,别名甜茶。系壳斗科,常绿乔木,高７～１５米,树皮灰褐色,小枝紫褐色,幼时被短绒毛。叶互生,叶柄长１．５～２ｃｍ,叶片革...     

不同基质对多穗石柯扦插生根的影响

为了筛选适宜的多穗石柯(Lithocarpus polystachyus)扦插基质，以半木质化枝条为插穗，选取5种原料(园土、黄心土、泥炭土、河沙、椰糠)设置8个基质配方，并对各基质容重、总孔隙度、pH、电导率进行测定，探讨不同基质对多穗石柯扦插成活率、生根数量及根系长度的影响。结果表明，不同配方基质的理化性质不同，多穗石柯扦插成活率、根系数量和根系长度具有显著性差异；成活率、根系数量和根系长度与基质的理化性质存在显著相关，总孔隙度大的基质不利于多穗石柯扦插成活和根系生长，pH和电导率较低的基质中多穗石柯扦插成活率较高；基质园土:黄心土:河沙(1:1:1)最适宜多穗石柯扦插繁殖，扦插成活率最高，为86.75%，其次是基质黄心土:河沙(2:1)。     

不同杀青方式下多穗石柯成分分析

运用液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用法对蒸汽杀青以及滚筒杀青的多穗石柯的活性成分进行分析与鉴定.结果 表明,在蒸汽杀青样品中共鉴定出65种成分,在滚筒杀青样品中鉴定出64种成分,包括氨基酸类、维生素类、多酚类、黄酮类、生物碱类、脂肪酸类,两种杀青方式下成分组成相似.对各种成分含量进行分析发现,两种杀青方式下含量较高的为黄酮类...     

广西多穗柯叶片性状变异及幼苗生长量研究

多穗柯是一种珍贵天然野生药用植物,可以开发出保健食品色素和天然医用药品,广西的资源较丰富,该研究采集巴马、那坡、德保及田林等4个产地的多穗柯种子进行播种育苗,并跟踪调查测定一年生幼苗的叶片性状及幼苗生长量,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)不同产地间叶片性状及幼苗生长指标均存在不同程度的差异,其中巴马与那坡、德保、田林在叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶脉间距、叶鲜重、叶片干物质含量、叶片组织密度等叶片性状上的差异均达到显著水平,在株高、地径、单株干重、主根长、单株根干重及单株叶干重等生长指标上亦存在显著差异,且生长量是后3个产地的1~2倍;通过比较各产地的叶片保水力及植株净生长量,巴马的多穗柯植株耐旱性及生长速度优于其他三地。综合各性状表现,认为巴马的多穗柯苗期表现比较好,生长速度快,长势好,抗旱性较强,可作为多穗柯优良种源的初步选择。(2)8月份是多穗柯株高、地径的生长高峰期,建议此时应加强肥水管理,调节适宜的水肥光热条件,尽量延长幼苗的快速生长时间,以获得苗木的最大累积生长量。(3)叶片性状与幼苗生长量的相关性分析结果显示,叶面积与株高、地径、单株干重、单株根干重以及单株叶干重等呈极显著正相关,叶脉间距、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)与株高、单株干重呈显著或极显著正相关,比叶面积与株高、地径呈显著负相关。因此,在以后的优株表型选择中,要优先考虑叶子大、叶脉间距宽、中老熟叶片叶色浓绿的植株。该研究结果为多穗柯优良种质资源的早期筛选提供了一定的依据。     

超声波提取-树脂纯化多穗柯叶中甜味剂的工艺研究

以根皮苷和新橙皮苷二氢查尔酮(NHDC)纯度为指标,采用单因素和L9(34)正交设计,确定最佳超声波提取条件和AB-8树脂最佳纯化工艺。结果表明超声波最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度为70%,固液比为1∶25,超声波时间为35 min;AB-8树脂最佳纯化工艺条件为:吸附流速为0.5 mL/min,洗脱乙醇浓度为90%,洗脱体积为1.875 BV,洗脱剂流速为1 mL/min。在此提取及纯化条件下,得到根皮苷的纯度为88.616%,新橙皮苷二氢查尔酮的纯度为71.823%。本提取及纯化方法简单可靠,有利于规模化利用多穗柯叶中的甜味剂。     

甜味植物——多穗椆

<正> 多穗椆Lithocarpus polystachyus(Wall.ex DC.)Rehd.是壳斗科植物,嫩梢和嫩叶具有甜味,广西民间也作甜茶饮用。我们对多穗椆的化学成分进行了研究,用溶剂结合柱层析等手段,分离出一种白色具甜味的针状结晶体,其熔点为168～169℃(未校正),用     

辽东楤木的开发利用与苗木繁育

辽东楤木(Aralla elatea)是集绿化、观赏、药用、木本蔬菜于一体的多功能性树种,又是我国稀有的刺生植物,有较重要的开发利用前景和栽培价值。从其形态特征、生物学特性、利用价值及苗木培育进行了论述和技术介绍。     

Development and characterization of 11 microsatellite markers in Lithocarpus edulis

Eleven microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) markers were isolated from Lithocarpus edulis, an evergreen broadleaved tree species in Japan, based on an inter-compound microsatellite method and a single-strand DNA extension adaptor ligation method. There were 2–17 alleles per locus, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 and from 0.185 to 0.949, respectively.     

Mechanisms for tolerance of very high tissue phosphorus concentrations in Ptilotus polystachyus

Study of plants with unusual phosphorus (P) physiology may assist development of more P‐efficient crops. Ptilotus polystachyus grows well at high P supply, when shoot P concentrations ( [P] ) may exceed 40 mg P g^?1 dry matter (DM). We explored the P physiology of P. polystachyus seedlings grown in nutrient solution with 0–5 mM P. In addition, young leaves and roots of soil‐grown plants were used for cryo‐scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis. No P‐toxicity symptoms were observed, even at 5 mM P in solution. Shoot DM was similar at 0.1 and 1.0 mM P in solution, but was ～14% lower at 2 and 5 mM P. At 1 mM P, [P] was 36, 18, 14 and 11 mg P g^?1 DM in mature leaves, young leaves, stems and roots, respectively. Leaf potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations increased with increasing P supply. Leaf epidermal and palisade mesophyll cells had similar [P]. The root epidermis and most cortical cells had senesced, even in young roots. We conclude that preferential accumulation of P in mature leaves, accumulation of balancing cations and uniform distribution of P across leaf cell types allow P. polystachyus to tolerate very high leaf [P].     

Phenylpropanoid constituents from the seeds of Lithocarpus pachylepis

Five phenylpropanoids including one new compound balanophonin A (1), one new natural compound balanophonin B (2) were isolated from the seeds of Lithocarpus pachylepis for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, CD, 1D and 2D NMR). All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7.     

Isolation and characterization of thirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci for Lithocarpus glaber

We isolated and characterized polymorphic microsatellite loci in Lithocarpus glaber (Fagaceae), an evergreen broadleaved monoecious tree, to provide tool for analyzing genetic structure and diversity. Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and tested in two L. glaber populations. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 19. The observed and expected heterozygosities within populations were 0.037–0.833 and 0.316–0.931, respectively. Four loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction in each population and no significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was found. These polymorphic loci showed high levels of polymorphism within tested populations and will be useful in further population genetic studies.     

Reinstatement of the name Lithocarpus longinux (Fagaceae)

The name Lithocarpus longinux (Hu) Chun ex Y. C. Hsu & H. W. Jen is reinstated. It used to be treated as a synonym of L. areca (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus, but morphological characters of cupules and leaves support the reinstatement. These two species, together with L. longzhouicus (C. C. Huang & Y. T. Chang) J. Q. Li & L. Chen, make up a small group that is distributed in limestone areas and have similar morphological characters. A key is provided to distinguish between them, and their is discussed.     

Lithocarpus glaucus, a new species of Fagaceae from China

Lithocarpus glaucus (Fagaceae) is described and illustrated. L. glaucus resembles L. hancei , but can easily be distinguished by its bigger leaves, glabrous inflorescence rachis and the cupule only covering the base of the nut.