Lysimachia septemfida(Primulaceae),a new species from Yunnan,China

A new species, Lysimachia septemfida(Primulaceae), from Yunnan(Southwest China) is described and illustrated. The new species exhibits several unusual characters in Lysimachia including lack of a corolla,7-merous flowers, leaves in whorls of 3 and distinct multicellular nodiferous hairs, which make it readily distinguishable from all other species in this genus. The diagnostic differences between this new species and its suppositive allies are given. In addition, the systematic placement of this new species is also discussed based on an ITS molecular tree.     

A New Species of the Genus Rhabdophis Fitzinger, 1843(Squamata: Colubridae) in Southwestern Sichuan,China

The genus Rhabdophis is a group of widely distributed snakes with more than 20 species. Recent field surveys uncovered a species in southwestern China, which has long been considered as R. pentasupralabialis. Combined molecular and morphological analyses revealed it as a new species Rhabdophis chiwen sp. nov. Based on 12 specimens,this new species is distinguished by the following characters: 1) dorsal body saddlebrown, dorsal scales typically with black margins forming spots and stripes, the margin of the outer row forming two faint dorsolateral black cross-bars alongside body; 2) ventral scales 151–159,the outer margin of ventral scales and several lateral rows of dorsal scales forming ventrolateral longitudinal brownish-red coloration, with faint black spots in the middle of ventral scales; 3) a black oblique stripe present below eyes, often with a black spot between the 2 nd and 3 rd supralabial and a black stripe on the 5 th supralabial; 4)eyes dark khaki, pupils black; 5) infralabials usually 7, the first four in contact with anterior chin-shields; 6) temporal scales 1+1; 7) dorsal scales in 15 rows, feebly keeled except the outer 1–2 rows; 8) anal scale divided; subcaudals 45–59;9) preocular 1 and postoculars 3(occasionally 2); 10) body medium-sized(snout-vent length: adult males 404–431 mm,adult females 409–476 mm); 11) tail moderate(tail length/total length in adult males 0.205–0.238, in adult females0.172–0.193). With the discovery of this new species, the total number of species in genus Rhabdophis is 28 with 12 th species known to occur in China.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE FRESH-WATER GENUS NOTODROMAS (OSTRACODA) FROM HEILONGJIANG, NORTHEAST CHINA

The new ostracode Notodromas sinensis from a pool near Daqing City, Heilongjiang, Northeast China, is described. A full account of the morphology of this species is given in order to elucidate the terminology used in such studies. Attention is drawn to features that are regarded as important in the classification of freshwater ostracodes.     

NEW RECORDS OF CROTONIOIDEA FROM CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ALLONOTHRUS (AGARI: ORIBAIDA)

A majority of known species of Crotonioidea inhabit leaf litter or upper soil horizons, where they feed on fungi or decomposing higher plant material; some inhabit specialized rnicro-habitats, such as tree, bog or spring. The superfamily encompasses, approximately 400 species representing 32 genera in nine families. Although this superfamily is relatively well known in the European and Soviet part of the Palearctic region, it is almost unknown in China.This paper reports 29 species of crotonioid mites in China representing 13 genera in 6 families. Among them one species is described as new and 27 species are recorded for the first time from China.     

Musa chunii Hakkinen,a new species （Musaceae） from Yunnan,China and taxonomic identity of Musa rubra

The center of diversity of the genus Musa （Musaceae） is in Southeast Asia, a region not studied in detail and where new species and varieties continue to be reported. A new wild banana species, M. chunii Hakkinen from Yunnan, China is described and illustrated based on observed morphological characteristics in the field. This extremely rare new species was only found in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Dehong District, West Yunnan. A key to M. chunii and related taxa is provided. In addition, critical notes regarding M. rubra Kurz identity are given.     

THE DISCOVERY OF THE GENUS SHELFORDIA CAMERON （HYMENOPTERA： BRACONIDAE： BRACONINAE） IN CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF ONE NEW SPECIES

The genus Shelfordia is discovered in China for the first time, and one new species of this genus ( S. chinensis sp. nov. ) is fully described and illustrated in the present paper. The type specimen is deposited in the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.     

NOVAJ SPECIOJ KAJ NOVA REKORDO DE UROSTYLIDAE EL CINIO NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORD OF UROSTYLIDAE FROM CHINA( Hemiptera:Heteroptera)

Three ganera and five species of Urostylidae are reported from China inthe present paper, three species belonging to the genus Urolabida, one toUrochela and one to Urochellus. Among them, a species is recorded for thefirst time from this country, while all the ramaining are described as new toscience. The type species are separately deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica and the Department of Biology, Nankai University. All themeasurements are in millimeters.     

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS A CRICOTOPUS KIEFFER （DIPTERA： CHIRONOMIDAE） IN CHINA

The genus Acricotopus Kieffer including three species from China is reviewed.Acricotopus lucens (Zetterstedt) is reexamined. Two species A. simplex sp. nov. and A.zhalingensis sp. nov. are described as male imagines. Acricotopus simplex sp. nov. was collected from Xizang, Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces; the species differs from others of the genus by the absence of hind tibial comb, temporal and clypeal seta. Acricotopus zhalingensis sp. nov. was collected from Qinghai Province; the species is recognized by a combination of characters: the larger body size; the clypeus without setae; anal lobe strongly produced, nearly hemispherical shape; inferior volsella triangular, strongly sclerotized; gonostylus with 13 very long setae. A key to the world males of the genus is presented. The generic diagnosis is emended.All the types described in this paper are deposited in Department of Biology, Nankai University,China (BDN).     

A New Species of the Gekko japonicus Group(Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Southwest China

A new species of the Gekko(Squa ma ta:Gekkonidae)is described from the border of Sichuan and Yunnan Province,southwest China,based on distinct morphological and molecular features.Gekko jinjiangensis sp.nov.is distinguished from congeners by a combination of the following characters:size small(SVL 50.2–61.6 mm,n=13);nares in contact with rostral;interorbital scales between anterior corners of the eyes 20–24;ventral scales between mental and cloacal slit 146–169;midbody scale rows 111–149;ventral scale rows 31–47;subdigital lamellae on first toe 8–11,on fourth toe 11–15;no webbing in the fingers and toes;with tubercles on uapper surface of fore and hind limbs;precloacal pores 4–5 in males;postcloacal unilateral tubercles 1–2;dorsal surface of body with 8–9 large greyish brown markings between nape and sacrum.In molecular analyses,the new species is sister to G.scabridus,but separated from them by approximately 9.9%–12.2%in genetic divergence as shown by a fragment of the partial mitochondrial ND2 gene.The new species is the highest Gekko with elevation range from 2000 to 2476 m.Further surveys are recommended to better understand the occurrence and population status of the new species.     

First report of Protokeelia spinifera and Rhopalodia iriomotensis from China, with comments on their systematic positions

Protokeelia is described as a new and rare pennate diatom genus in China. Its valve includes two parts: ventral valve and dorsal valve. The ventral valve is more or less convex or concave. The raphe runs in a distinct elevated and thickened siliceous ridge. In the internal valve, beneath the raphe are fibulae or fibulae clusters which connect the ventral and dorsal valves. One species, P. Spinifera Round & Basson, is observed in the water samples from a mangrove forest in Sai Kung, Hong Kong, China. Its main morphological features are described in this paper along with electron microscope (EM) photos. Morphological comparisons are also made among several allied species. In addition, a newly recorded species for China, Rhopalodia iriomotensis Kobayasi, Nagumo & Tanaka, is discussed here. Because several key features observed in this species resemble those of some Pro-tokeelia species, we suggest that it may actually represent a Protokeelia species.     

Synopsis of Leymus Hochst. （Triticeae： Poaceae）

Leymus is a genus in the Triticeae tribe, Poaceae. The taxa of this genus are allopolyploid species which possess the Ns and Xm genomes. According to cytological, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses, some species of Hystrix and Elymus ought to be transferred to this genus. A world revision of the genus Leymus is needed. In this paper we summarize experimental results, provide a key to sections, species and varieties, and list all the taxa we recognize in Leymus with their synonyms. This synopsis is a new taxonomic system to be used for the revision of Leymus.     

芸香科山小橘属一新种——长瓣山小橘

Glycosmis longipetala F. J. Mou ＆ D. X. Zhang is described from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in southwestern China. The new species is similar to G. cochinchinensis （Lour.） Pierre ex Engl. by its simple leaves, but distinguishable in having long-elliptic or oblanceolate （vs. ovate） leaves, long-ovoid to ellipsoid （vs. ovoid） floral buds, ovaries with many tubercles （vs. smooth） and glabrous （vs. pubescent） stamens. The pollen grains of the new species are 23.9±3.09 （20.8-27.0）×22.0±1.80 （20.4-24.4）μm in size with reticulate exine ornamentation in equatorial area and foveolate in polar area. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n=72.     

The identity of some taxa of Schizophragma （Saxifragaceae）

After examining a large number of type and authoritative specimens of Schizophragma Siebold ＆ Zucc., S. elliptifolium C. F. Wei and S. integrifolium var. glaucescens Rehder were reduced to synonyms of S. hypoglaucum Rehder and S. integrifolium f. cordatum S. Y. Wang was reduced to synonym of S. corylifolium Chun. Schizophragma crassum var. ellipticum J. Anthony was treated as the correct name of S. crassum var. hsitaoanum （Chun） C. F. Wei. The name S. integrifolium var. minus Rehder is reinstated. The taxonomic treatment is supported by leaf epidermal characters.     

Karyotype Analysis of Cycas panzhihuaensis L. Zhou et S. Y. Yang

This paper reports chromosome number and karyotype analysis of Cycas panzhihuaensis endemic to China. The material was collected from Dukou, Sichuan. It is a diploid species, with 2n=22=2m+4sm+4st+l2t. The karyotype of Cycas panzhihuaensis is different from that of the other species of the genus Cycas, which was known to be 2n=4m+8st+10t. The former is a new karyotype in the genus. The authors briefly discuss karyotype evolution of the genus Cycas in this papar.     

10种菊属(Dendranthema)植物的细胞学研究

对菊属(Dendranthema)在中国分布的10种20个居群的材料进行了细胞学研究,首次报道了异色菊(2n＝18,36)、银背菊(2n＝56)、楔叶菊(2n＝18,72)的染色体数目和核型,以及蒙菊(2n＝18)的染色体数目新纪录,并结合前人的工作,分析了菊属的核型特征和演化趋势,及其与该属分类群的关系。     

Five new species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the Nansei Islands.

Five new species of Culicoides of the Nansei Islands are described: C. sasai sp.n. from Amami-oshima Is., C. toshiokai sp.n. from Ishigaki Is., C. iriomotensis sp.n. from Iriomote Is., C. flavipunctatus sp.n. from Yonaguni Is., and C. yaeyamaensis sp.n. from the latter three islands. C. toshiokai sp.n. and C. iriomotensis sp.n. are tree-hole breeders, such as C. dendrophilus Amosova, which is common in similar habitats extending from Okinawa to Honshu.     

The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): generic revision and relationship to other formicids

Three genera are recognized in the ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae: Myrcidris new genus (monotypic; type species M. epicharis , new species, from Amazonas, Brazil); Pseudomyrmex Lund (c. 150 nominal taxa; southern Nearctic and Neotropical regions); and Tetraponera F. Smith (c. 110 nominal taxa; Palaeotropical region). New generic synonymies are: Pseudomyrmex Lund = Ornatinoda Enzmann = Clavanoda Enzmann = Triangulinoda Enzmann = Apendunculata Enzmann = Latinoda Enzmann; and Tetraponera F. Smith = Pachysima Emery = Viticicola Wheeler = Sima Emery (nee Roger) = Parasima Donisthorpe. Autapomorphies are identified for the subfamily and for its constituent genera, indicating the monophyly of all four taxa. Based on available character-state information, Myrcidris is most parsimoniously interpreted as a sister-group to all other Pseudomyrmecinae {Pseudomyrmex + Tetraponera) , although there is almost equally strong support for an alternative grouping: Tetraponera + (Myrcidris + Pseudomyrmex). Phylogenetic relationships of the Pseudomyrmecinae and other ant subfamilies within the 'poneroid complex' ( sensu Taylor, 1978) were assessed by a cladistic analysis of eleven representative ant genera. At the level of subfamily relationships the results suggest that: (1) The Myrmicinae and the Pseudomyrmecinae are sister groups. (2) Within the 'poneroid complex' is an unresolved trichotomy composed of: (i) Pseudomyrmecinae + Myrmicinae, (ii) Myrmeciinae, and (iii) Ponerinae + Leptanillinae + (Cerapachyinae + Dorylinae (s.l.)). (3) The Nothomyrmeciinae are a basal lineage within the 'poneroid complex', rather than being allied with the 'formicoid complex' (Formicinae, Dolichoderinae and Aneuretinae).