海南隔距兰属植物6个种的核型分析

采用压片法对海南产隔距兰属植物6个种,即：大序隔距兰Cleisostoma paniculatum（ker—Gawl．）Garay、短序隔距兰C．striatum（Rchb.f．）Garay、短茎隔距兰C.parishii（Hook．f.）Garay、金塔隔距兰C．filiforme,（Lindl．）Garay、尖喙隔距兰C.rostratum（Lodd．）Seidenf．、红花隔距兰C．williamsonii（Rchb．f）Garay的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。结果如下：大序隔距兰2n=2x=38：36m＋2sm;短序隔距兰2n=2x=38=2M＋36m;短茎隔距兰2n=2x=38=2M＋34m＋2sin;金塔隔距兰2n=2x=38=38m;尖喙隔距兰2n=2x=38=36m＋2sin;红花隔距兰2n=2x=38=34m＋4sm（2SAT）。主要由正中部着丝点区染色体组成。除尖喙隔距兰核型分类为1A型外,其他的都为1B型。     

我国扁桃属植物的染色体数

本文观察了我国扁桃属(Amygdalus)植物的染色体数。其结果:1.普通扁桃A. communis L. 2n=16;2.榆叶梅A. triloba(Lindl.)Ricker 2n=64;3.长柄扁桃A. pedunculata Pall. 2n=96;4.蒙古扁桃A. mongolica(Maxim.)Yü2n=16;5.西康扁桃A. tangutica Korsh. 2n=16;6.矮扁桃A. ledehouriana Schlecht 2n=16。以上这些结果表明,在我国丰富的扁桃种质资源中,多倍体的潜力还相当大,这对我国今后培育扁桃新品种无疑是特别值得注意的。     

中国苹果属植物染色体数目报告

本文观察了中国苹果属植物17个种22个材料的染色体数目。观察结果指出,多倍体在全部研究材料中占44.6%,其中有些种因材料来源不同,其倍数性各异。本结果可供我国苹果遗传育种参考。     

水晶兰属(鹿蹄草科)新变种——霍山水晶兰

描述了在中国安徽发现的水晶兰属一新变种:霍山水晶兰Monotropa uniflora L.var.huoshanensis X.L.Zhao。该变种与原变种水晶兰M.uniflora L.相似,但本变种的花梗有褐色长柔毛,成熟时蒴果果柄弯曲向下而易区别。     

栝楼属8种植物的染色体数目

栝楼属８种植物的染色体数目黄潞琦,乐崇熙,李懋学（中国中医研究院中药研究所,北京１００７００）（北京大学生物系,北京１００８７１）关键词栝楼属,染色体数目ＣＨＲＯＭＯＳＯＭＥＮＵＭＢＥＲＳＯＦ８ＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＩＮＴＲＩＣＨＯＳＡＮＴＨＥＳ￥ＨＵＡＮＧ...     

五种中国秋海棠属植物的染色体数目

对 5种中国秋海棠属 (BegoniaL .)植物的体细胞染色体数目进行了报道 ,分别为 :小叶秋海棠B parvulaL啨ｖｌ.etVant .2n =2 8;石生秋海棠B lithophilaC .Y .Wu 2n =2 4 ;木里秋海棠B muliensisY櫣 2n =2 4 ;蕺叶秋海棠B limprichtiiIrmsch .2n =2 2 ;以及二室组sectionPlatycentrum的一个未知种B sp . 2n =2 0。     

国产十四种苋属植物的染色体数目

报道了国产14种苋属植物的染色体数目。部分种的染色体数目为2n=34,即反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus,刺苋A．spinosus,红苋A．cruentus,腋花苋A．roxburghianus,合被苋A．polygonoides,皱果苋A． viridis,凹头苋A．lividus,苋A．tricolor。其他种的染色体数目为2n=32,即尾穗苋A．caudatus,绿穗苋A． hybridus,千穗谷A．hypochendriacus,繁穗苋A．paniculatus,北美苋A．blitoides,白苋A．albus。其中腋花 苋的染色体数目为首次报道。该属染色体基数为x=16,17。两种染色体基数在苋属2个组(sect．Ama- ranthus和sect．Blitopsis)中均存在。由于苋属植物染色体大多为小型染色体,因此对苋属植物目前尚不 能进行详尽的核型分析。     

中国苹果属植物染色体观察

本文采用去壁低渗法,对原产我国的22种37个类型的苹果属植物的染色体数目进行 了观察,发现它们有2n＝34、51、68三种类型,多倍体种占41％,其中以三倍体种类居多,沧江海棠、西蜀海棠、尖嘴林檎、昭觉红花的染色体数以及花红中的四倍体类型均为首次报道。     

横断山区石竹科细蝇子草的染色体数目及核型报道

报道了石竹科细蝇子草(Silene gracilicaulis)的染色体数目及核型。染色体数目2n=24,染色体核型公式为2n=2x=24=22m 2sm,属2A核型。     

Chromosome numbers in AustralianEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae)

Chromosome numbers for six Australian taxa ofEuphrasia have been determined. Improved staining techniques have shown that numbers for four of the taxa published previously by the first author were incorrect. The investigated taxa show high ploidy levels with an apparent base number of x = 11, the same as for the genus outside Australia.Dedicated to Prof. DrElisabeth Tschermak-Woess on the occasion of her 70th birthday.     

Chromosome numbers of Western Australian species ofVillarsia (Menyanthaceae)

Chromosome numbers are reported for eight of the nine Western AustralianVillarsia species.Villarsia albiflora, V. calthifolia, V. capitata, V. congestiflora, V. lasiosperma, V. latifolia, andV. violifolia are diploid with n=9. Five populations ofV. parnassiifolia are diploid and three are tetraploid (n=18). The morphological, ecological, and breeding-system diversity of the Western Australian species is largely not associated with the tetraploidy or hexaploidy that characterizes otherVillarsia species in eastern Australia and South Africa. The majority of Western AustralianVillarsia species are restricted to the high rainfall zone of southwestern Western Australia, where favorable climatic and edaphic conditions may have existed since mid-late Tertiary times.     

Chromosome counts inCalea (Asteraceae-Heliantheae)

Chromosome numbers are reported for six taxa ofCalea, among them tetraploidC. septuplinervia, the only known polyploid inCalea s. str. The base chromosome number ofCalea is interpreted as x = 19.     

兰花蕉属植物染色体新计数

首次报道了国产兰花蕉属植物2种1变种的体细胞染色体计数,其中兰花蕉及其变种长萼兰花蕉为2n=54,为六倍体;海南兰花蕉为2n=18,为二倍体。分析了世界范围内兰花蕉属植物染色体数及其倍性的地理学关系。     

Chromosome evolution in Himalayan Impatiens (Balsaminaceae)

AKIYAMA, S., WAKABAYASHI, M. & OHBA, H., 1992. Chromosome evolution in Himalayan Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Chromosome numbers and karyotypes have been investigated in species of Himalayan Impatiens . In addition to confirming previous chromosome counts, the presence of a tetraploid taxon ( I. exilis) is revealed. In central and east Nepal species with x = 9 are more common than those with other basic numbers and this number is shown to be one of the most frequent numbers in the genus. Most species with x = 9 have a bimodal karyotype. The species relationships are discussed.     

应用染色体涂染法建立人和黑叶猴(Semnopithecus francoisi)的染色体同源性

应用荧光原位杂交技术中的染色体涂染法（Chromosomepainting）,以生物素标记的除Y染色体外的人全部整条染色体DNA特异性探针与黑叶猴的中期分裂相杂交,建立了人与黑叶猴之间的染色体同源性。除人的1、2、6、16和19号染色体特异探针分别与黑叶猴的2条非同源的染色体杂交外,其余人染色体特异探针均与黑叶猴的1条染色体杂交,其中有两对人染色体特异探针（14和15,21和22）分别杂交同一条黑叶猴染色体。在雌性黑叶猴的单倍染色体中,共检测到30个与人染色体具同源性的染色体和染色体片段。结果表明：黑叶猴的多数染色体与人染色体有高度同源性,仅有少数染色体发生了重排。将研究的结果与已报道的人染色体特异探针与其他灵长类的中期染色体杂交的结果进行比较,可以看出亚洲叶猴之间的相互关系较与非洲叶猴的更为密切。     

Chromosome number of theOxalis tuberosa alliance (Oxalidaceae)

Twelve taxa of theOxalis tuberosa alliance were analysed and found to share the same basic chromosome number x = 8. The karyotypes are composed by small metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. Different ploidy levels were found among the taxa: there were 9 diploids, 1 tetraploid, 1 hexaploid and 1 octoploid. The last ploidy level corresponds toO. tuberosa, the only tuber bearing taxon found so far in the alliance. Cytotaxonomic evidence and evolutionary considerations suggest to classify theO. tuberosa alliance in sect.Herrerea.     

应用G显带染色体荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术研究复杂的染色体易位

建立常规Ｇ显带染色体标本的荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ）技术,用于分析患者复杂的染色体易位。原位杂交前,用甲醛固定Ｇ显带标本,是获得良好显带和荧光杂交效果的关键步骤。仅用常规细胞遗传学方法分析,显示一例习惯性流产患者的核型为４６,ＸＸ,ｔ（１;５;１２）（１ｐｔｅｒ→１ｑ２５：：１２ｑ２４→１２ｑｔｅｒ;５ｑｔｅｒ→５ｐ１１：：１ｑ２５→１ｑｔｅｒ,１２ｐｔｅｒ→１２ｑ２４：．５ｐ１１→５ｐｔｅｒ）,而采用本方法确定患者的核型实际为４６,ＸＸ,ｔ（１;５,１２）（１ｐｔｅｒ→１ｑ２３：：１２ｑ２２→１２ｑｔｅｒ,５ｑｔｅｒ→５ｐ１１：：１ｑ２５→１ｑｔｅｒ;１２ｐｔｅｒ→１２ｑ２２：：１ｑ２３→１ｑ２５：５ｐ１１→５ｐｔｅｒ）。结果表明,新建立的Ｇ显带染色体荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ）技术能更有效地检测患者复杂的染色体易位。