虎杖鞣质的降血糖作用研究

研究了虎杖鞣质对小鼠的降血糖作用。虎杖鞣质经提取纯化后 ,以 10 0mg/ (kg·d)的剂量 ,连续灌胃 8d ,四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖含量降低至 6 85mmol/L ,表明虎杖鞣质具有良好的降血糖活性。     

核酶的抗病毒作用

反义核酸技术（ａｎｔｉｓｅｎｓｅｎｕｃｌｅｉｃａｃｉｄｓｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ）是根据核酸杂交原理设计的以选择性地抑制特定基因表达为目的的一类核酸研究新技术,它包括反义ＲＮＡ（ａｎｔｉｓｅｎｓｅＲＮＡ,ａｓＲＮＡ）、反义ＤＮＡ（ａｎｔｉｓｅｎｓｅＤＮＡ,ａｓＤＮＡ）及核酸（ｒｉｂｏｚｙｍｅ,Ｒｚ）三大技术领域,反义核酸技术同基因治疗一样已经成为一项引人瞩目研究领域。本文对核酸作用的原理和在抗病毒方面的研究进展作一综述     

评价艾滋病治疗药物鼠模型的研究进展

理想的动物模型,特别是小动物模型,对于发展和评价艾滋病的治疗药物是非常重要的。近年来,有关艾滋病动物模型的研究取得了一些进展。本文仅就评价艾滋病治疗药物中常用的鼠模型研究的进展作一综述。大动物模型研究的进展请参考有关文献［‘－’］。l鼠白血病病毒模型鼠白血病病毒（Murineleukemiavirus,MuLV）属于反转录病毒科。将它接种于敏感鼠后,可以导致牌和淋巴结增大,免疫抑制和机会性感染等症状。有人称其为鼠艾滋病（MurineAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrom,MAIDS）14］。近年来MuLV／MAIDS模型系统已经被应用于发…     

艾滋病合并丙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗临床观察

目的:观察艾滋病合并丙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗效果并回顾总结艾滋病合并丙肝的临床研究进展。方法:选择艾滋病合并丙型肝炎的患者33例,采用HAART疗法及干扰素联合利巴韦林治疗的方法,治疗4周后观察以上患者谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GLDH)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)和HCV-RNA检查结果,同时总结艾滋病合并丙肝的临床研究进展。结果:治疗4周后,以上患者ALT、AST、GLDH、TBIL、ALB和HCV-RNA阳性患者显著改善,治疗前后比较差异具有(高度)统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:在对艾滋病合并丙型肝炎充分了解的同时,积极采取抗病毒治疗措施,可延缓疾病的发展。     

艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗依从性的心理干预对策

艾滋病抗病毒治疗是一种终身、有效的治疗方法。目前,国内外最主要的抗病毒治疗就是服用抗病毒药物,它能使艾滋病感染者的病毒血症受到明显抑制,传染性明显减小,生存质量提高．免疫功能相应提高,并发机会性感染减少。依从性也称顺从性、顺应性。是指病人按医生规定进行治疗、与医嘱一致的行为。     

小鼠艾滋病模型的建立及用鹿肠道病毒治疗的实验研究

用小鼠白血病病毒ＬＰ－ＢＭ５ＭｕＬＶ接种新生ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,感染后４～６个月可出现与人类ＡＩＤＳ极为相似的病理变化和免疫缺陷的症状,包括血免疫球蛋白增高、淋巴结肿大、Ｔ辅助淋巴细胞减少和淋巴细胞转化功能降低等。通常作为小鼠获得性免疫缺陷综合症即小鼠艾滋病（ＭＡＩＤＳ）的模型使用。本实验采用已证实具有溶瘤作用的鹿肠道病毒ＥＣＣＯ－１８株对小鼠艾滋病进行实验性治疗,结果表明鹿肠道病毒ＥＣＣＯ－１８可明显缓解艾滋病小鼠的淋巴结肿大和延长艾滋病小鼠的生存时间。提示鹿肠道病毒ＥＣＣＯ－１８治疗小鼠艾滋病有效。     

流感泰得在小鼠模型中抗流感病毒活性研究

为了在动物整体水平评价流感泰得（ｆｌｕｔｉｄｅ,ＦＴ）抗流感病毒活性,建立了流感病毒感染小鼠实验模型,并测定了ＦＴ在小鼠模型中的抗病毒活性和对小鼠的急性毒性作用。结果表明,流感病毒Ａ／京防／８６－１（Ｈ１Ｎ１）和Ａ／沪防／９３－９（Ｈ３Ｎ２）在小鼠体内连续传代６次时即对小鼠具有感染性,表现为小鼠体重下降,小鼠肺脏湿重增加并能检测到很高的病毒滴度。在小鼠模型中ＦＴ具有较高的抗病毒活性,表现在ＦＴ能明     

纳米抗菌材料抗病毒作用的研究进展

随着经济和科学技术的快速发展以及卫生条件的不断改善,人们的健康水平有了很大提高。但由于病毒的进化和变异日益猖獗,人类的健康依然受到严重威胁。既往几种治疗疑难病毒（如：HIV、HBV、PIV等）尚未攻破,新的病毒（如：SAILS冠状病毒、禽流感病毒和甲型H1N1流感病毒等）又冒现在人类面前,严重威胁着人类健康。变异病毒的出现,使得病毒性疾病的的预防和治疗变得十分困难。因此,积极研制高效、特效的抗病毒药物和材料具有十分重要的意义。本文就纳米抗菌材料的抗病毒研究进展进行了综述。     

乳铁蛋白的抗病毒作用

乳腺蛋白不仅是一种具有广谱抗菌作用和免疫调节作用的蛋白质,而且具有抗多种病毒的功能,与其他抗病毒药物相比,具有副作用少,不易产生耐药等特点,有较广阔的开发前景,本文就乳铁蛋白抗病毒作用的最新研究进展作一综述。     

益生菌的多重抗病毒作用及其机制

病毒性疾病对人类和动物健康造成了重大威胁。由于现有的免疫接种和抗病毒疗法的局限性,开发安全、广谱、廉价的新型抗病毒制剂极为迫切。益生菌是摄入后能对机体产生多种有益作用的活性微生物,其抗病毒作用及潜在机制是当前的研究热点。本文介绍了益生菌通过促进肠道细胞的紧密连接和产生有利物质来维护机体黏膜屏障;与病毒竞争结合靶点或直接捕获并抑杀病毒;刺激机体免疫系统,调节固有免疫反应和适应性免疫反应;分泌具有抗病毒作用的代谢产物来发挥抗病毒作用及其作用机制,以期为益生菌的抗病毒相关研究提供参考。     

Quinolinic Acid Levels in a Murine Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract: Mice infected with the retrovirus mixture designated LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) develop an immunosuppressive disease. Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous neurotoxic N -methyl- d -aspartate agonist that may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurologic disease. In the present study, the levels of QUIN in brain and blood were measured in mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV and compared with those in uninfected mice and mice infected with the nonpathogenic strain of ecotropic MuLV (helper component of LP-BM5 MuLV). Infection with LP-BM5 MuLV resulted in progressive increases in blood QUIN levels beginning 2 weeks after inoculation that peaked by 16 weeks postinfection. QUIN levels were also increased in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. In systemic tissues, QUIN levels were increased in lung, liver, and spleen. In contrast, infection with the ecotropic viral component of the LP-BM5 MuLV mixture was not associated with any changes in brain, blood, or systemic tissue QUIN levels, even though helper virus burdens were comparable to those in mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV. Treatment of LP-BM5 MuLV-infected mice with the antiretroviral agent zidovudine (azidothymidine) significantly reduced blood and brain QUIN levels in association with reductions in viral load in brain and spleen. These observations suggest that elevated QUIN production is not attributable to productive infection with retrovirus per se but occurs in response to an agent or agents, such as cytokines, that are produced by the host in response to virus infection.     

湘西虎杖抑菌活性成分提取研究

对湘西虎杖抑菌活性物提取条件进行研究,通过抑菌实验得到最佳提取条件为90%乙醇、60℃、3 h,该条件下的提取物对细菌生长的抑制活性最强,但对酵母菌无明显的效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.25 g/mL～0.5 g/mL.提取物经85℃、100℃,15 min或pH 2～8处理后仍具有较强的抑菌活性.     

Prevalence and Characteristics Associated with Malnutrition at Hospitalization among Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Brazil

Background

Brazil’s National STD/AIDS Program is considered a model of success worldwide. However, AIDS-associated malnutrition continues in subgroups of Brazilian patients despite access to free highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aimed to identify the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among patients hospitalized with AIDS.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional nutritional assessment among 127 adults hospitalized with AIDS in Brazil’s third largest city. Using anthropometric measurements, we determined the prevalence of malnutrition (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2) at hospitalization. Prevalence ratios of malnutrition by demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical conditions were estimated using log-binomial regression.

Results

One-third of participants were first informed of their HIV disease during the current hospitalization and recent treatment interruption was common (71%) among those on HAART. Forty-three percent were malnourished and 35% had severe weight loss at admission. Patient characteristics independently associated with malnutrition were older age (2% increased prevalence for each year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0–4%) and very low daily per capita household income. Living on <USD 2.00, USD 2.00–4.99 or USD 5.00–9.99 increased the prevalence of malnutrition by 2.01 (95% CI 1.06–3.81), 1.75 (95% CI 0.92–3.35) and 1.42 (95% CI 0.76–2.65) times, respectively, compared to ≥USD 10.00 per day. Chronic diarrhea was marginally associated with malnutrition (RR 1.42; 95% CI 0.99–2.04). Overall, 16% of the patients died during hospitalization. We observed a trend toward higher in-hospital case fatality among malnourished patients (22% vs. 12% for patients with and without malnutrition, respectively; chi square P = 0.14).

Conclusions

Unacceptably high rates of malnutrition persist in Brazilians hospitalized with AIDS and our results reinforce the importance of nutritional evaluations in these patients. Improved early testing and treatment adherence strategies may continue to help reduce AIDS-related morbidity and mortality in Brazil, yet novel interventions to disrupt the cycle of poverty, HIV, and malnutrition are also urgently needed.     

Increased Brain Levels of Platelet-Activating Factor in a Murine Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Are NMDA Receptor-Mediated

Abstract: Mice infected with the LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) develop an immunodeficiency syndrome (murine AIDS) and an encephalopathy characterized by impaired spatial learning and memory. Because platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia complex, brain PAF levels were measured in LP-BM5 MuLV-infected mice. PAF levels in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased at 6 and 12 weeks after LP-BM5 MuLV inoculation, whereas significant increases in striatal and cerebellar PAF levels were observed only at 12 weeks after inoculation. Administration of the NMDA antagonist MK-801 significantly reduced the increased PAF levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of LP-BM5 MuLV-infected mice. These results indicate that the LP-BM5 MuLV-induced increases in brain PAF levels are the result of NMDA receptor activation and are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated CNS PAF levels contribute to the behavioral deficits observed in LP-BM5 MuLV-infected mice.