共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
María Guadalupe Frías-De-León Víctor Manuel Espinosa-Hernández Alexandro Bonifaz Erick Martínez-Herrera 《Current fungal infection reports》2018,12(3):112-119
Purpose of Review
The incidence of onychomycosis by Aspergillus has shown an increase in recent years, representing 34–60% of onychomycosis due to non-dermatophyte molds. At least 26 species of Aspergillus causing onychomycosis have been reported, some of which may be morphologically indistinguishable but genetically distinct, even in their susceptibility profile to antifungals. So in the diagnosis of this pathology, it is necessary to use both conventional and molecular methods to get to the identification of the fungus at the species level and thus establish the appropriate treatment.Recent Findings
The current taxonomy of the genus Aspergillus includes sections that are made up of species whose morphology is almost identical but have different patterns of susceptibility to antifungals. Advances in the taxonomy of these fungi reveal the need to combine phenotypic methods (analysis of microscopic and macroscopic characteristics) with molecular ones (amplification and sequencing of fragments of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes) to achieve their correct identification at the level of species.Summary
From the demonstration of Aspergillus as the primary agent of onychomycosis, an increase in the incidence of this pathology worldwide has been reported, whose treatment is usually complicated. Various species of Aspergillus can cause nail infection but may respond differently to antifungal treatment, so it is important to know their epidemiology, clinical characteristics, etiologic agents, diagnostic methods, and treatment.2.
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this study is to recognize and expand the knowledge of mycotic paronychia as a variable clinical condition due to various predisposing factors and multiple fungal organisms.Recent Findings
Candida-associated mycotic paronychia is common but other non-dermatophyte molds, such as Fusarium, are identified as potential agents of paronychia and onychomycosis.Summary
Mycotic paronychia is characterized by inflammation of the proximal or lateral nail folds caused by certain fungi. Mycological analysis is necessary to identify the causal agent and prescribe an appropriate treatment. Further studies are needed to know the involved microorganisms in the disease and the pathogenicity factors involved in this localized area of the nail apparatus.3.
Jade Castellanos Mirna Toledo-Bahena Carlos Mena-Cedillos Erika Ramirez-Cortes Adriana Valencia-Herrera 《Current fungal infection reports》2018,12(4):207-212
Purpose of Review
Fungal infection of the nail, known as onychomycosis, occurs more frequently in older age, showing a higher prevalence in pediatric age in recent years. A high rate of dermatological infections befalls in patients with Down syndrome, including onychomycosis, due to a decrease in T and B lymphocytes in number and function, resulting in a disarrangement of cellular and humoral immunity. This has led to several investigations on onychomycosis in children with Down syndrome, so the purpose of this review is to show the available evidence.Recent Findings
The etiological agents of onychomycosis can be dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte molds, and yeasts. Most cases are related with dermatophytes; Trichophyton rubrum being the most common cause. In children with Down syndrome, T. rubrum has been reported as the main cause, followed by T. mentagrophytes. Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis is the most common variety of onychomycosis in children. The importance of identifying the fungus lies in selecting the appropriate treatment, since not all antifungals have the same spectrum of action against molds and Candida. Terbinafine has showed to be safe and effective for the treatment of onychomycosis in patients from special populations, including children with Down syndrome. In patients with Down syndrome, treatment for onychomycosis has not been completely studied; so far, terbinafine has shown the best results.Summary
The clinical presentations of children with Down syndrome and the rest of the general pediatric population are similar. However, there are few studies about onychomycosis in children with Down syndrome. It is necessary to perform new onychomycosis research in this study population, in order to establish recommendations.4.
Objective
We aimed to identify new high-yield dextranase strains and study the catalytic potential of dextranase from the strain in industrial applications.Results
Dextranase-producing strains were screened from soil samples, and a potential strain was identified as Chaetomium globosum according to its phenotype, biochemical characteristics, and rDNA analysis. Crude dextranase was purified to reach 10.97-fold specific activity and 18.7% recovery. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 53 kDa with an optimum temperature and pH of 60 °C and 5.5, respectively. Enzyme activity was stable at pH 4.0–7.0 and displayed sufficient thermal stability at temperatures?<?50 °C. Mn2+ (10 mM) enhanced dextranase activity by 134.44%. The enzyme was identified as an endodextranase. It displayed very high hydrolytic affinity toward high-molecular weight dextran T2000, reaching 97.9% hydrolysis within 15 min at 2 U/mL.Conclusion
Collectively, these results suggest that Chaetomium globosum shows higher production and specificity of dextranase than that from other reported strains. These findings may offer new insights into the potential of dextranase in the sugar, medical, and food industries.Graphical abstract
5.
Thijs Welle Anna T. Hoekstra Ineke A. J. J. M. Daemen Celia R. Berkers Matheus O. Costa 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(7):83
Introduction
Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a production limiting disease in pig farming. Currently antimicrobial therapy is the only treatment and control method available.Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolic response of porcine colon explants to infection by B. hyodysenteriae.Methods
Porcine colon explants exposed to B. hyodysenteriae were analyzed for histopathological, metabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression changes.Results
Significant epithelial necrosis, increased levels of l-citrulline and IL-1α were observed on explants infected with B. hyodysenteriae.Conclusions
The spirochete induces necrosis in vitro likely through an inflammatory process mediated by IL-1α and NO.6.
Korey J. Brownstein Mahmoud Gargouri William R. Folk David R. Gang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):133
Introduction
Botanicals containing iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides are used worldwide for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions that are primary causes of human years lived with disability, such as arthritis and lower back pain.Objectives
We report the analysis of candidate anti-inflammatory metabolites of several endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus used medicinally by peoples of North America.Methods
Leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed in MetaboAnalyst 3.0 after processing the datasets in Progenesis QI.Results
Comparison of the datasets revealed significant and differential accumulation of iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides in the tissues of the endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus.Conclusions
Our investigation identified several species of pharmacological interest as good sources for harpagoside and other important anti-inflammatory metabolites.7.
Nicholas J. Bond Albert Koulman Julian L. Griffin Zoe Hall 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):128
Introduction
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiments result in complex multi-dimensional datasets, which require specialist data analysis tools.Objectives
We have developed massPix—an R package for analysing and interpreting data from MSI of lipids in tissue.Methods
massPix produces single ion images, performs multivariate statistics and provides putative lipid annotations based on accurate mass matching against generated lipid libraries.Results
Classification of tissue regions with high spectral similarly can be carried out by principal components analysis (PCA) or k-means clustering.Conclusion
massPix is an open-source tool for the analysis and statistical interpretation of MSI data, and is particularly useful for lipidomics applications.8.
Tchin Darré Bayaki Saka Abas Mouhari-Toure Mazamaesso Tchaou Améyo Monique Dorkenoo Kwamé Doh Atchi Walla Koffi Amégbor Vincent Palokinam Pitché Gado Napo-Koura 《Mycopathologia》2018,183(6):961-965
Background
Mycetoma is a chronic inflammatory process caused either by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). In this retrospective study, we report epidemiologic and histopathological data of mycetoma observed in the Lome Hospital, Togo in a 25-year period (1992–2016).Methodology
This is a retrospective study, over a period of 25 years, to analyze epidemiological and etiological findings of mycetomas seen in the single laboratory of pathological anatomy of the Lomé, Togo.Results
A total of 61 cases were retrieved from which only 33 cases were included which where clinically and microbiologically confirmed. The mean age of the patients was 29.7?±?1.34 and a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.5. The majority of patients were farmers (n?=?23 cases; 69.7%). Diagnosed etiologic agents were fungal in 24 cases (72.7%) and actinomycotic cases in 9 cases (27.3%). The fungal mycetomas consisted of Madurella mycetomatis (black grains) and Falcifomispora senegaliensis (black grains). The actinomycotic agents were represented by Actinomadura madurae (white grains), Actinomadurae pelletieri (red grains) and Nocardia sp. (yellow grains).Conclusion
This report represents a single-center study which provides epidemiologic and histopathological data of mycetoma cases in Togo.9.
Background
For many years, yeast cell walls (YCW) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) have been used as alternatives to antibiotics and health feed additives to enhance the growth performance and health of food animals. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of YCWand MOS on the adhesion of enteropathogenic bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells were tested.Methods
YCW and MOS were extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (XM 0315), and the morphology of YCW and MOS bound to pathogenic bacteria was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to quantitatively analyze the effects of YCW and MOS on the adhesion of Escherichia coli (CVCC3367) and Salmonella pullorum (CVCC520) to Caco-2 cells.Results
The results showed that YCW inhibited E. coli and S. pullorum binding to Caco-2 cells by 95% and 74%, respectively, whereas MOS prevented E. coli and S. pullorum binding by 67% and 50%, respectively.Conclusions
These data suggest that YCW has a stronger ability than MOS to inhibit pathogenic bacteria from adhering to Caco-2 cells in vitro.10.
Armelle Darrasse Matthieu Barret Sophie Cesbron Stéphane Compant Marie-Agnès Jacques 《Plant and Soil》2018,422(1-2):115-128
Aims
Seeds are vectors of a diversified microbiota including plant pathogens. To better understand transmission of common bacterial blight (CBB) agents to bean seeds, we analyzed the role of non-pathogenic xanthomonads on seed transmission efficiency and investigated the location of Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans (Xcf) into seeds and plantlets.Methods
Competition between CBB and NP strains was initially assessed in vitro and then extended in planta to monitor the impact of co-inoculation on Xcf seed transmission. Moreover, location of Xcf strains in seeds and seedlings was visualized using a combination of gfp-tagged strain and DOPE-FISH/CSLM.Results
Whereas CBB agent growth was inhibited in vitro by some seed-borne non-pathogenic xanthomonads strains, these strains did not transmit efficiently to seed through floral pathway and did not affect Xcf seed transmission. Xcf cells were observed entering seed through vascular elements and parenchyma of funiculus, but also micropyle and testa. Xcf cells were observed, moreover, among other bacteria on radicle surfaces, especially tip, in cotyledons, and plumules.Conclusions
CBB agents are more efficient than non-pathogenic xanthomonads in using the floral route to colonize seeds. CBB agents are located within different niches in the seed tissues up to the embryonic axis.11.
Marie GB Hansen Mette Christoffersen Line R Thuesen Morten R Petersen Anders M Bojesen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):3
Background
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are able to infect horses. However, the extend to which Danish horses are infected and seroconvert due to these two bacteria is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum in Danish horses.Methods
A total of 390 blood samples collected from all major regions of Denmark and with a geographical distribution corresponding to the density of the Danish horse population were analyzed. All samples were examined for the presence of antibodies against B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum by the use of the SNAP®4DX ® ELISA test.Results
Overall, 29.0% of the horses were seropositive for B. burgdorferi sensu lato whereas 22.3% were seropositive for A. phagocytophilum.Conclusions
Antibodies against B burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum are commonly found among Danish horses thus showing that Danish horses are frequently infected by these organisms.12.
Background and aims
We characterized fungal endophytes of seeds of invasive, non-native Phragmites from three sites in the Great Lakes region to determine if fungal symbiosis could contribute to invasiveness through their effects on seed germination and seedling growth.Methods
Field-collected seeds were surface sterilized and plated on agar to culture endophytes for ITS sequencing. Prevalence of specific endophytes from germinated and non-germinated seeds, and from seedlings, was compared.Results
One-third of 740 seeds yielded endophyte isolates. Fifteen taxa were identified with Alternaria sp. representing 54% of all isolates followed by Phoma sp. (21%) and Penicillium corylophilum (12%). Overall germination of seeds producing an isolate (36%) was significantly higher than seeds not producing an isolate (20%). Penicillium in particular was strongly associated with increased germination of seeds from one site. Sixty-three isolates and 11 taxa were also obtained from 30 seedlings where Phoma, Penicillium and Alternaria respectively were most prevalent. There was a significant effect of isolating an endophyte from the seed on seedling growth.Conclusions
These results suggest that many endophyte taxa are transmitted in seeds and can increase seed germination and seedling growth of invasive Phragmites. The role of fungal endophytes in host establishment, growth and invasiveness in nature requires further research.13.
Muriel Vincent Marta Romano Francis Corazza Kris Huygen Olivier Michel Olivier Denis 《Mycopathologia》2017,182(3-4):319-329
Background
Data on mould sensitization in the general population are scarce and mostly on Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum.Objectives
To validate a dot-blot assay for the detection of specific IgE and evaluate the prevalence of mould sensitization in a healthy population.Methods
The dot-blot assay was validated against the CAP test. Sensitization rate to ten common indoor and outdoor mould species in 344 serum samples was calculated. For each serum with more than one reactivity, the “major sensitization” defined as the strongest response against a single mould species was calculated.Results
Intra- and inter-assay variations were both below 20%, and the positivity threshold of the test was of 0.418 kU/L for A. fumigatus. Correlation with CAP results was strong. The overall prevalence of sensitization was 32.8%, and the commonest sensitizations were against A. alternaria, A. flavus and A. niger (around 15%). The most frequent “major reactivities” were against A. niger and A. alternata (20–30%). In 25.1% of the samples, “major reactivities” were directed against a group of moulds commonly found indoor (Penicillium spp., Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium sphaerospermum and Cladosporium cladosporioides).Conclusions
The dot-blot assay was validated for the detection of mould-specific IgE. In the general population, sensitization to indoor species was common and accounted for 25% of overall mould sensitizations.14.
Yibin Zhuang Jingjie Jiang Huiping Bi Hua Yin Shaowei Liu Tao Liu 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(4):619-627
Objectives
To produce rosmarinic acid analogues in the recombinant Escherichia coli BLRA1, harboring a 4-coumarate: CoA ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana (At4CL) and a rosmarinic acid synthase from Coleus blumei (CbRAS).Results
Incubation of the recombinant E. coli strain BLRA1 with exogenously supplied phenyllactic acid (PL) and analogues as acceptor substrates, and coumaric acid and analogues as donor substrates led to production of 18 compounds, including 13 unnatural RA analogues.Conclusion
This work demonstrates the viability of synthesizing a broad range of rosmarinic acid analogues in E. coli, and sheds new light on the substrate specificity of CbRAS.15.
Shaoming Lin Ruilan Chen Song Zhu Huijun Wang Lianfang Wang Jian Zou Jingdong Yan Xiangdong Zhang Dimitrios Farmakiotis Xiaojiang Tan Eleftherios Mylonakis 《Mycopathologia》2018,183(4):679-689
Background
Candidemia is one of the most common nosocomial bloodstream infections. Early diagnosis and antifungal treatment improve clinical outcomes in some studies but not all, with diverse data reported from different institutions. Similarly, antifungal resistance is more common in the USA than in Europe, but there is little data regarding the microbiology and clinical course of candidemia in adult patients in Asia.Aims
(1) To capture species distribution and drug resistance rates among Candida bloodstream isolates, (2) to describe clinical features of candidemia, and (3) to identify factors associated with all-cause mortality, with emphasis on early initiation of antifungal treatment, at a large tertiary University Hospital in China.Methods
In this single-center retrospective study, we identified all patients with candidemia, between 2008 and 2014. Demographic and clinical characteristics, microbiological information, details of antifungal therapy and clinical outcomes were collected.Results
We studied 166 patients. 71 (42.8%) had cancer. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (37.3%), followed by C. parapsilosis (24.1%), C. tropicalis (22.8%), and C. glabrata (14.5%). Antifungal resistance was more frequent in non-albicans strains and especially C. glabrata. Twenty patients received inappropriate treatment with all-cause mortality of 35%. The remaining 146 patients had significantly lower mortality (21.9%, P?=?0.045). Among patients who received antifungal treatment, mortality rate increased with time to appropriate antifungal therapy (AAT): 13.7%, for?<?24 h, 21.1% for 24–48 h, 23.1% for?>?48 h, and 32.4% among patients who received no AT (χ2 for trend P?=?0.039). Initiating AAT more than 24 h after blood culture collection was an independent risk factor for mortality, after adjustment for other confounders (OR 7.1, 95% CI 1.3–39.4, P?=?0.024).Conclusions
Candida albicans was the most frequent cause of candidemia at a large tertiary hospital in China, but antifungal resistance is a growing concern among non-albicans Candida species. The mortality rate of patients treated with ineffective antifungal agents based on in vitro susceptibilities was similar to that of patients who received no treatment at all, and delayed initiation of antifungal treatment was associated with increased risk of death.16.
Margarita Stritzler Ana Diez Tissera Gabriela Soto Nicolás Ayub 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(9-10):1419-1423
Objectives
Identification of novel microbial factors contributing to plant protection against abiotic stress.Results
The genome of plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens FR1 contains a short mobile element encoding a novel type of extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymerase (PhbC) associated with a type I secretion system. Genetic analysis using a phbC mutant strain and plants showed that this novel extracellular enzyme is related to the PHB production in planta and suggests that PHB could be a beneficial microbial compound synthesized during plant adaptation to cold stress.Conclusion
Extracellular PhbC can be used as a new tool for improve crop production under abiotic stress.17.
Background
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are widely used to diagnose malaria. The present study evaluated a new RDT, the Clearview® Malaria pLDH test targeting the pan-Plasmodium antigen lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH).Methods
The Clearview® Malaria pLDH test was evaluated on fresh samples obtained in returned international travellers using microscopy corrected by PCR as the reference method. Included samples were Plasmodium falciparum (139), Plasmodium vivax (22), Plasmodium ovale (20), Plasmodium malariae (7), and 102 negative.Results
Overall sensitivity for the detection of Plasmodium spp was 93.2%. For P. falciparum, the sensitivity was 98.6%; for P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae, overall sensitivities were 90.9%, 60.0% and 85.7% respectively. For P. falciparum and for P. vivax, the sensitivities increased to 100% at parasite densities above 100/μl. The specificity was 100%. The test was easily to perform and the result was stable for at least 1 hour.Conclusion
The Clearview® Malaria pLDH was efficient for the diagnosis of malaria. The test was very sensitive for P. falciparum and P. vivax detection. The sensitivities for P. ovale and P. malariae were better than other RDTs18.
19.
Chih-Yueh Liu Chang-Ching Weng Chih-Hsiang Lin Chiou-Ying Yang Kwok-Kong Tony Mong Yaw-Kuen Li 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(3):407-413
Objectives
A Neissaria bacterial pilus sugar, bacillosamine, was synthesized and, for the first time, used as a probe to screen a single-chain variable fragment (scFv).Results
Four Neisseria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria sicca and Neisseria subflava, and two negative controls, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were tested through ELISA, immunostaining and gold nanoparticle immunological assay. All results indicated that the selected scFv is feasible for the specific detection of Neisseria species via the recognition of bacillosamine.Conclusions
The recombinant scFv could detect Neisseria strains at 106 CFU/ml.20.
Man Zhao Liang Gao Li Zhang Yanbin Bai Liang Chen Meilan Yu Feng Cheng Jie Sun Zhao Wang Xiangxian Ying 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(11):1741-1746