60Co照射后小鼠肝脏金属硫蛋白含量的动态变化

小鼠经不同剂量 ⁶⁰Co照射后,用HPLC结合AAS和ELISA方法检测第1,5,15,27天小鼠肝脏中金属硫蛋白两种亚型——MT-Ⅰ和MT-Ⅱ的变化发现,照后第1,5天MT-Ⅰ增加10—20倍,MT-Ⅱ增加40—60倍;而且600Rad照射较400Rad照射增加更明显,第15天后趋于正常。     

锌胁迫对小球藻抗氧化酶和类金属硫蛋白的影响

通过对抗氧化酶活性和类金属硫蛋白的测定,考察在0、5、10、20、50和100 μmol/L Zn²⁺(氯化锌)胁迫下锌对普通海洋小球藻的生物学影响。结果表明:不同浓度Zn²⁺均能抑制小球藻的生长,当Zn²⁺浓度大于10 μmol/L时,小球藻生物量随培养时间延长而迅速下降;过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性随Zn²⁺胁迫浓度的增加而增加,当Zn²⁺浓度为50 μmol/L时SOD活性达到最大,但继续增加Zn²⁺胁迫浓度反而导致SOD活性下降;而过氧化物酶 (POD)活性则随着Zn²⁺胁迫浓度的增加而降低。同时,实验发现藻细胞内有两种主要的锌结合形态,其中Zn结合类金属硫蛋白(Zn-MT-like)与兔肝金属硫蛋白(MT)的分子量相近,且随着Zn²⁺胁迫浓度的增加而出现规律性地增多。因此,藻细胞内Zn-MT-like蛋白的诱导量可作为小球藻受Zn²⁺胁迫的响应指标。     

硒对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的保护作用

目的:通过研究硒对流感病毒悬液滴鼻处理的小鼠的体重变化、死亡率、血清硒水平和细胞因子的影响,探讨硒对感染流感病毒小鼠的保护作用。方法:将60只昆明小鼠分为5组,每组12只,分别为缺硒组(0 mg/kg)、正常给硒组(0.2 mg/kg)、补充硒组(0.3 mg/kg)、补充硒组(0.4 mg/kg)、补充硒组(0.5 mg/kg)。给5周龄的小鼠滴鼻接种50μL的A/NWS/33(H1N1)病毒悬液并观察21天,监测每组小鼠的体重变化和死亡率;并在接种病毒后的第3天、第5天,检测小鼠的血清硒、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平。结果:缺硒组小鼠的死亡率高于正常给硒组和补充硒组(P0.05);缺硒组小鼠的血清硒水平明显低于正常给硒组和补充硒组(P0.05);在病毒感染第5天,缺硒组小鼠的TNF-α和IFN-γ含量低于正常给硒组和补充硒组(P0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论:硒可以提高机体对抗流感病毒的免疫反应。     

丛枝菌根真菌对枳根净离子流及锌污染下枳苗矿质营养的影响

盆栽实验研究了不同施Zn水平(0、300 mg/kg和600 mg/kg)下,接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus intraradices对枳苗生长、Zn、Cu、P、K、Ca、Mg分布的影响,并采用非损伤微测技术测定分析了菌根化与非菌根化枳根净Ca²⁺、H⁺、NO₃^-离子流动态。结果表明:(1)在不同施Zn水平下,接种菌根真菌显著提高了枳苗地上部及根部鲜重;随着施Zn水平的提高,菌根侵染率呈降低趋势,枳苗地上部与根部Zn含量呈增加趋势,且接种株根部Zn含量显著高于未接种株。(2)接种株未施Zn处理的地上部Cu、P、K、Mg和根部Cu含量、施600 mg/kg Zn处理的根部Cu及施300 mg/kg Zn处理的根部P含量均显著高于对照,而菌根真菌侵染对枳苗Ca含量并无显著性影响。(3)接种株未施Zn处理的根部距根尖端0 μm和600 μm处净Ca²⁺流出速率、600 μm处净H⁺流入速率、2400 μm处净NO₃^-流入速率均显著高于未接种株。     

甲2巨球蛋白对电离辐射引起人血中O2-·自由基释放的影响

本实验用 ⁶⁰Coγ线照射正常人新鲜全血,观察电离辐射对多形核白细胞(PMN)释放超氧化物阴离子自由基(O₂^-_·)的影响,以及人血甲2巨球蛋白(α₂M)制剂对辐射引起的PMN释放O₂^-_·的作用。结果表明:正常人新鲜全血照射(5-20Gy)后1h,PMN释放O₂^-_·的量较不照射组增高(P<0.01),红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力较不照射组降低(P<0.01)。照前1h加入人血α₂M制剂(每ml全血中加入138.5单位)能有效地降低PMN的O₂^-_·释放量,提高红细胞中SOD的活力。离体实验结果提示α₂M治疗辐射损伤作用可能与其抑制过多的O₂^-_·产生有关。     

黄檀素对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的治疗作用及机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨黄檀素（DAL）对小鼠心肌缺血/再灌注（MI/R）损伤心肌的治疗作用及其作用机制。方法：选择成年雄性C57 BL/6J小鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham）、模型组（MI/R）、地尔硫组（Diltiazem）和DAL低、中、高剂量组（10、30、90 mg/kg/d）,每组10只。结扎小鼠冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）,缺血30 min,再灌注1 h建立小鼠MI/R损伤模型。术后第1天起,Sham组、MI/R组小鼠均灌胃等体积生理盐水,Diltiazem组、DAL各剂量组小鼠灌胃相应药液,每日1次,连续7 d。给药结束后检测小鼠血清中肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及肿瘤坏死因-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）含量;检测小鼠心肌组织中超氧化歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量;苏木精-伊红染色（HE）检测心肌损伤病理形态;Western Blot检测心肌组织中Akt和P-Akt的蛋白水平表达变化;超声检测左室舒张末内径（ESD）、左室舒张末容积（EDV）、射血分数（EF）和短轴缩短率（FS）。结果：DAL可以减轻小鼠血清中CK-MB、LDH活性及TNF-α、IL-6含量;升高小鼠心肌组织中SOD活性,减少MDA生成;增加p-Akt的蛋白水平表达,减轻心肌组织病理损伤,改善心脏功能。结论：DAL可以通过增加Akt磷酸化促进心肌细胞存活,减轻心肌组织病理损伤,进而抑制小鼠MI/R损伤,改善心脏功能,最终发挥心肌治疗作用。     

间充质干细胞移植对放射性肠损伤修复作用的实验研究

探讨了人间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)移植对NOD/SCID小鼠放射性肠损伤的修复作用．将雄性NOD/SCID小鼠随机分为3组,每组6只,即A组为空白对照组,B组为模型组,C组为治疗组．B组和C组小鼠全腹接受5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线单次照射,剂量率为100 cGy/min．照射后B组小鼠经尾静脉注射生理盐水,C组小鼠移植MSCs．于移植后第15天取小鼠空肠标本,通过免疫荧光方法检测MSCs在受损肠道的定植和分化情况．结果表明,治疗组小鼠的生存状况明显好于模型组小鼠,病理切片显示小肠黏膜得到修复,免疫荧光结果显示MSCs可定植于辐射损伤的肠道,并表达波形蛋白(vimentin)和α-SMA．MSCs移植入肠损伤的小鼠体内后可在受损肠道定植,并向间质细胞分化,参与辐射损伤的修复.     

唐古特大黄多糖组分1对急性电离辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的：探讨唐古特大黄多糖组分1（RTP1）对急性电离辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法：采用昆明种小鼠,随机分为5组：正常对照组（Normal Control,NC）、辐射对照组（Irradiation Control,IC）以及RTP1低剂量组（200 mg/kg）、中（400 mg/kg）和高剂量组（800 mg/kg）,采用灌胃给药方式,连续14 d,NC组和IC组则给予等量的生理盐水,第14 d除NC组外,各组小鼠均接受2.0 Gy/只60Coγ射线照射1次,照射后24 h,检测小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数,测定肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及丙二酰二醛（MDA）水平以及小鼠外周血象和骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）微核数。结果：RTP1能够升高小鼠的胸腺、脾脏指数,增加肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性,降低MDA水平,升高外周血中白细胞数并降低骨髓PCE微核数,与IC组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：RTP1对辐射所致的小鼠损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

低浓度钴离子选择性压抑鲫鱼视网膜中视杆信号的传递

低浓度(10～30μmol/L)钴离子(Co ²⁺)选择性压抑鲫鱼视网膜中视杆信号的传递,在分离、灌流的鲫鱼视网膜,10μmol/L Co ²⁺超极化视杆水平细胞,并完全压抑其对光反应,但对视锥水平细胞并无影响.此外,低Co ²⁺几乎完全压抑暗视视网膜电图(ERG)b波,但不影响明视b波,低Co ²⁺并不影响光感受器电位(PⅢ),也不影响视杆水平细胞谷氨酸受体的反应能力.其它2价金属离子(Co ²⁺,Mn²⁺)并不显示相似的选择性压抑作用,但谷氨酸转运蛋白的阻遏剂(β-OH-Asp)显示相似的作用,提示低Co ²⁺的作用可能与谷氨酸重摄取的压抑有关.     

Chk2在Bmi1缺失所致的肾脏早衰和纤维化中的作用和机制研究

摘要 目的：探究细胞周期检测点激酶2（cell-cycle checkpoint kinase 2，Chk2）在B淋巴瘤Mo-MLV插入区1（B cell-specific MLV integration site-1，Bmi1）缺失所致的肾脏早衰和纤维化中的作用及可能的机制。方法：取5周龄WT、Bmi1^-/-、Chk2^-/-、Bmi1^-/-Chk2^-/-小鼠肾脏，采用HE染色观察肾脏结构变化，采用免疫荧光和Masson染色观察肾脏纤维化情况，采用衰老相关β半乳糖苷酶（Senescence-associated β-galactosidase，SA-β-gal）染色观察肾脏衰老情况，采用免疫组化染色和western blot观察肾脏超氧化物歧化酶1（Superoxide Dismutase 1，SOD1）、超氧化物歧化酶2（Superoxide Dismutase 2，SOD2）表达水平和定位。从5周龄WT、Bmi1^-/-、Chk2^-/-、Bmi1^-/-Chk2^-/-小鼠肾脏皮质中提取和分离原代肾小管上皮细胞，采用免疫荧光和western blot检测其SOD1、SOD2表达水平。结果：与WT小鼠肾脏组织相比，Bmi1^-/-小鼠肾脏组织表现为体积变小、肾脏皮质厚度减少、肾小球数量减少，β-gal活性增加，SOD1和SOD2水平降低；与Bmi1^-/-小鼠肾脏相比，Bmi1^-/-Chk2^-/-小鼠肾脏体积增大、肾脏皮质厚度增加，肾小球数量增多，β-gal活性降低，SOD1和SOD2水平增加。与WT小鼠肾脏皮质原代肾小管上皮细胞相比，Bmi1^-/-小鼠肾脏皮质原代肾小管上皮细胞中SOD1和SOD2水平；与Bmi1^-/-小鼠肾脏皮质原代肾小管上皮细胞相比，Bmi1^-/-Chk2^-/-小鼠肾脏皮质原代肾小管上皮细胞中抗氧化指标SOD1和SOD2增加。结论：Chk2通过抑制肾小管上皮细胞的抗氧化能力促进Bmi1缺失所致的肾脏早衰和纤维化。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.