人表皮生长因子的原核优势表达与复性

目的:在原核系统中获得具有活性和高表达量的重组人表皮生长因子(rh EGF)。方法:对h EGF编码全序列进行优化,构建原核表达载体p ET-24b-h EGF,在大肠杆菌中表达rh EGF;对rh EGF包涵体进行复性,获得具有较高生物活性的重组蛋白。结果:构建了携带159 bp h EGF基因的表达载体p ET-24b-h EGF,rh EGF在原核系统内得到高表达,重组蛋白相对分子质量为6×103,表达量可占细菌总蛋白的15%,包涵体复性率达90%。结论:对h EGF的编码序列进行了优化,实现了其在原核系统内的高表达,通过复性获得了具有良好生物活性的rh EGF。     

猪乳铁蛋白在4种重组乳杆菌中的表达及抑菌活性比较

为了获得优化的猪乳铁蛋白乳杆菌表达系统,并比较重组猪乳铁蛋白的抑菌活性,根据乳杆菌使用密码子的偏嗜性优化合成猪乳铁蛋白成熟肽编码序列,将其克隆到乳杆菌表达载体pPG612.1的XhoⅠ/BamHⅠ位点,获得了plf乳杆菌表达载体质粒pPG612.1-plf。将获得的重组质粒分别电转化入干酪乳杆菌ATCC393、戊糖乳杆菌KLDS1.0413、植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0344和副干酪乳杆菌KLDS1.0652细胞内,获得4种表达猪乳铁蛋白的重组乳杆菌。经木糖诱导,通过Western blotting和激光共聚焦检测重组猪乳铁蛋白的表达,用ELISA方法检测和比较4种重组菌上清中表达猪乳铁蛋白的量,并用琼脂孔穴扩散抑菌法检测4种重组乳杆菌表达乳铁蛋白的抑菌活性。结果表明,乳铁蛋白在4种重组乳杆菌中均得到正确表达,其产物分子量约73 kDa,重组干酪乳杆菌、重组戊糖乳杆菌、重组植物乳杆菌和重组副干酪乳杆菌的重组猪乳铁蛋白表达量分别为9.6μg/mL、10.8μg/mL、12.5μg/mL、9.9μg/mL。重组猪乳铁蛋白对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌和李氏杆菌均有一定的抑菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强,且4种重组乳杆菌中重组植物乳杆菌表达产物的抑菌效果优于其他重组菌的表达产物。结果表明在4种乳杆菌中重组猪乳铁蛋白的最佳表达系统为植物乳杆菌,该结果为猪乳铁蛋白的乳杆菌表达系统进一步开发与应用奠定了基础。     

猪细小病毒VP2蛋白在干酪乳杆菌表面的表达

将编码猪细小病毒主要免疫保护性抗原VP2基因插入干酪乳杆菌细胞表面表达载体pPG中,构建了重组表达载体pPG-VP2,将其电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393,获得了表达猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌系统,经2%乳糖在MRS培养基中的诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测表明,有约74kD蛋白得到了表达,表达蛋白的大小与理论值相符。Western-blot结果分析表明,表达的蛋白可被鼠源PPV抗血清所识别,间接免疫荧光实验结果表明,所表达的蛋白能够在干酪乳杆菌菌体表面检测到。     

猪IL-18在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及其生物活性的检测

为了在乳酸乳球菌中分泌表达具有生物活性的猪IL-18蛋白,并检测其生物活性,故通过分离猪外周血单核淋巴细胞(PBMC),以其为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增猪白细胞介素18(pIL-18)基因,将目的基因与乳酸乳球菌表达载体pAMJ399进行连接,并电转化至乳酸乳球菌MG1363中,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析检测目的蛋白的表达,并通过脾淋巴细胞增殖试验和细胞病变抑制法对pIL-18的生物活性进行检测。Western blotting分析检测结果与生物活性检测结果显示,在重组菌pAMJ399-pIL18/MG1363的上清和菌体沉淀中19 kDa处均出现pIL-18的特异蛋白反应带,且分泌表达的pIL-18蛋白能明显促进猪脾淋巴细胞的增殖,并对病毒增殖有明显的抑制作用。以上结果表明pIL-18可在乳酸乳球菌分泌表达,且表达产物具有良好的生物活性。     

人工合成的植物化猪α乳清蛋白基因在转基因拟兰芥的表达

将一个398bp的植物化的猪α乳清蛋白基因(Lactalbumin,LA)编码区克隆到带有花椰菜花叶病毒的35S启动子的质粒中。对它们进行PCR检测和序列分析,证实这些阳性克隆是实验预期的重组质粒。随即将35S启动子-α-乳清蛋白基因-终止子这一表达单元克隆到双元载体pCG-CB中,用该重组质粒双元载体pCG-CB-Lact转化农杆菌V3101后,以农杆菌法进行拟兰芥植物转化,用除草剂Finale对转化植物进行抗除草剂基因筛选,得到一些抗除草剂的转化植株。对这些抗除草剂植株进行猪α乳清蛋白基因PCR分析,成功筛选到带有猪α乳清蛋白基因并且可以在后代稳定遗传的转基因植物。Western blot蛋白质表达分析,表明猪α乳清蛋白在拟兰芥中成功表达,并且猪仅乳清蛋白被正确加工成天然蛋白。     

表面表达猪流行性腹泻病毒核蛋白蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌诱导产生的免疫应答

为探讨表达猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)核蛋白(N)基因的重组干酪乳杆菌口服免疫小鼠后诱导特异性免疫应答,本研究制备表达流行性腹泻病毒核蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌,应用Western blotting、间接免疫荧光和全细胞ELISA鉴定目的蛋白的表达。然后用该重组干酪乳杆菌口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,分别测定了免疫后不同时间血清中特异性IgG、粪便中特异性的sIgA水平以及血清的中和活性;并测定免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖情况和细胞因子水平。结果显示,目的蛋白表达在细胞表面,可被阳性血清所识别。免疫小鼠后,可分别在血清中和粪便中检测到较高水平特异性IgG、sIgA(P<0.01),但血清并没有中和活性;淋巴细胞增殖试验和细胞因子测定结果显示,免疫组可产生明显的细胞免疫应答。结果表明,该重组干酪乳杆菌表达系统可诱导小鼠产生黏膜免疫应答和系统免疫应答,具有作为口服疫苗潜在的应用价值。     

猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽与猪细小病毒VP2蛋白在干酪乳杆菌中的共表达及免疫小鼠特异性抗体的测定

将分别编码猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽和猪细小病毒主要保护性抗原VP2蛋白的重组基因插入干酪乳杆菌分泌型表达载体pPG中,构建了重组表达载体pPG-VP2-E290,将其电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393,获得了猪瘟病毒T细胞表位E290多肽与猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的乳酸菌共表达系统,经2%乳糖在MRS培养基中的诱导表达,对诱导表达的菌体及培养上清液进行SDS-PAGE检测表明,有约70kDa蛋白得到了表达,表达蛋白的大小与理论值相符。Western blot分析结果表明所表达的蛋白具有与天然病毒蛋白一样的抗原特异性。以诱导表达上清液作为抗原进行的间接ELISA实验也表明,重组的目的蛋白获得了分泌表达。将该重组干酪乳杆菌经口服接种途径免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集粪便样品检测小鼠产生抗PPV的特异性sIgA抗体,采集血液样本检测血清中抗PPV及抗E290的特异性IgG。结果表明分泌型的重组菌pPG-VP2-E290/L.casei 393免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗体水平,为重组猪瘟与猪细小病毒乳酸菌口服活菌疫苗的研制奠定了重要的物质基础。     

猪细小病毒VP2与大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位在干酪乳杆菌表面共表达

将分别编码猪细小病毒(PPV)主要免疫保护性抗原VP2蛋白与大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)基因插入乳酸杆菌细胞表面表达载体pPG中, 成功构建了重组表达载体pPG-VP2-LTB, 将其电转化干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393, 获得了表达猪细小病毒VP2-LTB融合蛋白的重组乳酸菌表达系统, 经2%乳糖诱导, SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测表明, 有大小约78 kD的蛋白得到了表达, 具有与天然病毒蛋白一样的抗原特异性, 全细胞ELISA结果表明, LTB同     

大豆油体与EGF融合基因的克隆及其在红花种子中的表达

目的：旨在建立一种在红花油体中表达EGF的转基因植物的方法。方法：通过PCR技术把大豆油体基因（DDoil）与EGF构建成融合基因,克隆至植物表达载体pCAMBIA1390R中,构建成植物表达载体p1390Do-EGF,然后转化进农杆菌 LBA4404 中用于侵染红花外植体,通过甘露糖筛选培养基培养可获得红花转化苗。通过PCR、实时荧光相对定量RT-PCR、SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析目的基因的表达情况,通过MTT法检测EGF的促细胞增殖活性。结果：PCR结果显示,红花叶片中能检测到EGF基因;实时荧光相对定量RT-PCR结果显示,在红花种子中EGF能成功实现转录;SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测证明,在转基因红花种子中能有效表达出EGF,并具有其原有的免疫原性,MTT法实验结果表明EGF具有促进balb/c 3T3细胞增殖的生物活性。结论：大豆油体和EGF融合基因已经成功转化进红花细胞的基因组中,并实现了EGF外源蛋白在红花种子油体中的表达,为EGF蛋白的产业化生产探讨了一种新的生产途径。     

表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因的重组乳酸乳球菌的构建及免疫原性分析

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突(S)蛋白的全基因序列及表达载体质粒的基因融合特点,设计一对引物,进行PCR扩增,获得含有TGEVS基因4个主要抗原位点的约2000bp的目的片段,将其与分泌表达的载体质粒pNZ8112进行连接,通过电击转化进入宿主菌乳酸乳球菌NZ9000细胞内,在乳链菌肽(Nisin)的诱导下进行表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,表明TGEVS蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中获得表达,所表达的TGEVS蛋白具有与TGE病毒一样的抗原特异性。间接免疫荧光试验表明重组菌表达蛋白定位于菌体表面。将表达TGEVS蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌及空质粒菌株分别口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,收集粪便样品进行抗体检测,结果表明分泌型的重组菌pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000免疫小鼠能够产生明显的抗TGEVsIgA抗体。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.