洋葱伯克霍尔德菌临床分离和耐药性监测

/他唑巴坦和复方新诺明敏感.来自ICU的洋葱伯克霍尔德菌耐药更强.结论 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌耐药及多药耐药性严重,应引起广泛关注,尤其是中心ICU,治疗上可选用哌拉西林/他唑巴坦.     

1997～2002年洋葱伯克霍尔德菌的临床分离与耐药性变迁

目的了解本地区洋葱伯克霍尔德菌在临床的分离与耐药性变迁情况,以利于临床抗感染的预防与治疗.方法用WHONET5软件统计分析浙江省人民医院1997～2002年洋葱伯克霍尔德菌临床分离菌株在各病区、样本中的分布及耐药性的变迁情况.结果分离率从1977年的0.11%上升到2002年的0.37%;6年中以监护病区分离菌株最高占总分离菌株的48.4%,其次为呼吸科病区占10.9%;在送检样本中以呼吸道标本分离菌株数最高占总分离数的66.1%(痰液 咽拭子),其次为血液占10.4%.对26种抗生素的耐药性分析示,多数抗菌药物其耐药性均大于50%;小于50%只有6种,哌拉西林或他唑巴坦(40.5%～42.9%),头孢哌酮或舒巴坦(33.%～49.1%),头孢吡肟(40.1%～46.%);环丙沙星(28.6%～46.2%);左氟沙星(33.3%～46.4%),复方新诺明(28.6%～42.9%).结论洋葱伯克霍尔德菌在临床的分离率在增加,已成为医院内感染的主要病原菌之一,该菌对多数抗菌药物具有较高耐药性,且有不断增加趋势,临床抗感染治疗应以分离菌株的体外抗菌药物敏感性为依据.     

儿童医院感染洋葱伯克霍尔德菌三年临床分布特征调查

目的调查三年来儿童医院感染洋葱伯克霍尔德菌的临床分布特点及耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法2010年1月-2012年12月住院患儿送检标本采用VITEK-32全自动细菌鉴定仪进行细菌鉴定,药敏试验采用Kirby—Bauer法。结果三年分离到洋葱伯克霍尔德菌分别为28株、36株和51株,共¨5株,呈逐年上升趋势;其来源主要分布在儿童ICU和新生儿病房,以引起儿童呼吸道感染为主要症状;药敏结果显示替卡西林／克拉维酸、庆大霉素、氨苄西林／舒巴坦等耐药率均逐年升高;对哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、头孢他啶和复方新诺明敏感性高。结论儿童医院感染洋葱伯克霍尔德菌呈逐年上升趋势,因其是一种多重耐药菌,天然耐多种抗菌药物,临床监测其分布状况和耐药性具有重要意义。     

重症监护病房洋葱伯克霍尔德菌医院感染的特征及耐药性分析

目的了解重症监护病房（ICU）洋葱伯克霍尔德菌引起医院感染的特征及耐药情况,为临床治疗及控制该菌的暴发流行提供实验依据。方法常规方法对我院2003年1月至2007年10月ICU的病人的各种临床标本进行分离培养,细菌鉴定及药敏试验采用全自动微生物鉴定仪VITEK-2进行。结果引起ICU医院感染的洋葱伯克霍尔德菌共有99例,感染以肺部感染为主,对临床常用的多种抗菌药物表现交叉耐药,对头孢匹肟、亚胺培南、哌拉西林、阿米卡星、庆大霉素的敏感率较差在50．0％以下;对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、头孢他啶、氨曲南、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、美诺培南和复方新诺明的敏感率较高,分别为82．8％、87．9％、91．9％、72．7％、55．6％、62．6％和100．0％。结论引起ICU医院感染的洋葱伯克霍尔德菌具有多重耐药性,临床治疗时应根据药敏结果选用抗菌药物。     

2004～2008年洋葱伯克霍尔德菌临床分布和耐药性分析

目的 了解2004年至2008年我院临床分离的洋葱伯克霍尔德菌的标本来源、临床分布和耐药性.方法 采用API staph 鉴定系统和K-B琼脂扩散法,对分离到的55株洋葱伯克霍尔德菌进行鉴定和药敏试验.结果 2004年至2008年共分离出55株洋葱伯克霍尔德菌, 标本来源以痰标本最多(90.91%,50/55),科室分布以ICU最多(60%,33/55),其次为呼吸内科(18.18%,10/55).药敏结果 显示,对多数抗菌药物的耐药率较高,只对美罗培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和亚胺培南的耐药率最低,分别为29.17%、33.33%和39.62%.结论 药敏结果 显示,洋葱伯克霍尔德菌具有高度和多重耐药性,临床抗感染治疗应根据药敏试验结果 选用敏感药物.     

进口化妆品检出洋葱伯克霍尔德菌及其意义

从进口化妆品中检出洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,为化妆品标准中微生物检验项目的制定提供参考,为临床医学和流行病学提供感染源依据。     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌致恶性肿瘤患者医院获得性感染的耐药性分析

目的分析我院恶性肿瘤患者医院获得性感染洋葱伯克霍尔德菌的临床特点及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床合理治疗提供依据。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月,从我院恶性肿瘤感染患者送检的细菌培养标本;细菌鉴定用美国BD公司phoenix-100全自动细菌鉴定药敏系统,药敏试验采用纸片法,同时使用WHONET 5.6软件对相关资料进行统计。结果从检测部位分析主要分布在下呼吸道（74.1%）,其次为血液（9.4%）;药敏试验表明139株洋葱伯克霍尔德菌对米诺环素、氯霉素、美罗培南、头孢他啶和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦仍较敏感,可作为临床治疗洋葱伯克霍尔德菌感染的首选药物,其余15种抗菌药物的耐药率高达30.0%~100%。结论洋葱伯克霍尔德菌在恶性肿瘤患者中的耐药现象非常严重,临床应引起高度关注,及早进行微生物学检测,并根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物。     

土壤中产脂肪酶洋葱伯克霍尔德菌的分离与鉴定

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia cepacia)在生物防治、生物降解等农业领域有着广泛的应用,它产生的脂肪酶则在有机合成、精细化工等领域潜力巨大。采用改良的TB-T平板筛选法从土壤中初步筛选出300株洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,然后用脂肪酶活性检测平板对300株菌进行筛选,最终获得6株脂肪酶产量高的菌,通过发酵发现6株菌均有较好的产脂肪酶能力。随后通过16S rDNA比对的方法将6株全部鉴定为B.cepacia。在此基础上,采用HaeⅢ-recA RFLP和基因种特异性PCR对6株菌进行了基因种鉴定,结果表明JWT16、G63YL、WJ158和JWT137属于Burkholderia cenocepacia菌,JWP9属于Burkhold-eria vietnamiensis,JWT267则属于Burkholderia multivorans。     

日化产品中洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群(Bcc)的分类和神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌的耐药性研究

【目的】对从2020–2022年不同日化产品中分离的29株洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群(Burkholderia cepacia complex,Bcc)进行分类和分型,另将2020年前来源于日化产品中6株被鉴定为Burkholderia lata的菌株进行分类更正。探究神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia aenigmatica)的耐药性。【方法】本文主要应用多位点分型研究方法(multilocus sequence typing,MLST),PCR扩增atpD、gltB、gyrB、recA、lepA、phaC和trp B 7个管家基因片段,将测序结果与MLST数据库中的数据比对分析,获得菌株各管家基因的编号和ST型(sequence type),对本检测中心分离自日化产品的Bcc进行分型;利用多位点序列分析(multilocus sequence analysis,MLSA),结合MLST中等位基因的核苷酸序列构建进化树,从而对Bcc进行系统发育分析和鉴定。利用最小抑菌浓度法(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)测定Bcc对常见防腐剂(1,...     

重症监护病房洋葱伯克霍尔德菌肺部感染及耐药性监测

目的 探讨重症监护病房(ICU)洋葱伯克霍尔德菌肺部感染的临床特点及其耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 对2010年10月至2011年10月在ICU住院期间,患者肺部感染洋葱伯克霍尔德菌耐药情况进行回顾性分析.结果 肺部感染患者共检出34株洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,占全部病原菌的1.85％.19种抗菌药物药敏试验结果显示除美罗培南、复方磺胺甲基异噁唑、米诺环素的抑菌活性较高外,其余16种抗菌药物的耐药率高达73.5％～100.0％.结论 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌具有多重耐药性,治疗难度大,应引起足够重视,临床应根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物.     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF_66抗菌物质的分离纯化及性质的研究

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF-66能够抑制立枯丝核菌等若干植物病原菌和其它一些真菌的生长。CF-66菌发酵液的粗提液通过Sephadex-75pg、Sephacryl S-100柱层析分离纯化,获得抗菌物质CF66I。此抗菌物质耐热性强,耐碱,但在强酸性条件下不稳定。低浓度有机溶剂的存在有利于抑菌活性的提高。对其结构的研究表明CF66I是以(CH2CH2O)n为主要单元结构并带有酰氨键的化合物。     

Defining potential targets for immunotherapy in Burkholderia cepacia infection

Abstract Burkholderia cepacia has become a serious source of infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Antibiotic therapy is difficult as the bacteria are intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics. The present study compared the antibody response by immunoblot of 50 negative control sera, 22 patients with cystic fibrosis and no evidence of B. cepacia , 9 clinically well patients with cystic fibrosis colonised by B. cepacia and 5 patients with cystic fibrosis and deteriorating or fatal B. cepacia infection. Nineteen antigenic bands varying in apparent molecular weights from 19 to 170 kDa were identified. Two bands at 19 and 21 kDa were only present when the organism was grown in an iron-deficient medium. The band at 30 kDa was identified as a porin and the possession of IgG antibody carried a statistically significant ( P = 0.00003) better prognosis. This antigen was thus a potential target for immunotherapy.     

Use of the gyrB gene to discriminate among species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex

Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious infections in lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The Bcc comprises at least nine species that have been discriminated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. In this study, we focused on the gyrB gene, universally distributed among bacteria, as a new target gene to discriminate among the Bcc species. New PCR primers were designed to amplify a gyrB DNA fragment of about 1900 bp from 76 strains representative of all Bcc species. Nucleotide sequences of PCR products were determined and showed more than 400 polymorphic sites with high sequence similarity values from most isolates of the same species. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that most of the 76 gyrB sequences grouped, forming clusters, each corresponding to a given Bcc species.     

Studies on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation in a PHA synthase I-negative mutant of Burkholderia cepacia generated by homogenotization

In the genome of Burkholderia cepacia strain IPT64, which accumulates a blend of the two homopolyesters poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3HB), and poly(3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid), poly(3H4PE), from sucrose or gluconate as single carbon source, the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase structural gene was disrupted by the insertion of a chloramphenicol-resistant gene cassette (phaC1::Cm). The suicide vector pSUP202 harboring phaC1::Cm was transferred to B. cepacia by conjugation. The inactivated gene was integrated into the chromosome of B. cepacia by homologous recombination. This mutant and also 15 N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine (NMG)-induced mutants still accumulated low amounts of PHAs and expressed low PHA synthase activity. The analysis of the mutant phaC1::Cm showed that it accumulated about 1% of PHA consisting of 68.2 mol% 3HB and 31.8 mol% 3H4PE from gluconate. The wild-type, in contrast, accumulated 49.3% of PHA consisting of 96.5 mol% 3HB and 3. 5 mol% 3H4PE. Our results indicated that the genome of B. cepacia possesses at least two PHA synthase genes, which probably have different substrate specificities.     

Exopolysaccharide production by mucoid and non-mucoid strains of Burkholderia cepacia

Thirteen strains of Burkholderia cepacia from various origins with mucoid and non-mucoid phenotypes were assayed for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. The EPS were characterized by glycosyl composition analysis and examination of the products resulting from lithium-ethylenediamine and Smith degradations. The results showed that all strains, including the non-mucoid strains, were able to produce EPS exhibiting the same structural features, i.e. presence of one rhamnosyl, three galactosyl, one mannosyl, one glucosyl and one glucuronosyl residues, suggesting that this EPS is representative of the B. cepacia species.     

Isolation and characterization of a cyanide-utilizing Burkholderia cepacia strain

A bacterium that utilizes cyanide as a nitrogen source was isolated from soil after enrichment in a liquid medium containing potassium cyanide (10mM) and glucose (1.0%, w/v). The strain could tolerate and grow in potassium cyanide at concentrations of up to 25mM. It could also utilize potassium cyanate, potassium thiocyanate, linamarin and a range of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles. The isolate was tentatively identified as Burkholderia cepacia strain C-3. Ammonia and formic acid were found in the culture supernatant of the strain grown on fructose and potassium cyanide, no formamide was detected, suggesting a hydrolytic pathway for the degradation of cyanide. The cyanide-degrading activity was higher in early and the stationary phase cells. Crude cell extracts of strain C-3 grown on nutrient broth exhibited cyanide-degrading activity. The characteristics of strain C-3 suggest that it would be useful in the bioremediation of cyanide-containing waste.     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia cepacia）CF-66发酵生产新型抗菌物质CF66I培养基的优化

利用基于统计学的实验设计RSM（Response surface methodology）优化了Burkholderia cepacia CF-66产新型抗菌活性物质CF66I的发酵培养基组成。首先,用部分重复因子实验对培养基组分NH4Cl,MgSO4·7H2O,柠檬酸钠及酵母粉浓度对菌株产CF66I的影响进行评价,找出主要影响因子为柠檬酸钠和酵母粉。两者均为正影响,其他组分对CF66I活性的影响不显著。其次用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域。最后用中心组合设计及响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳浓度。菌株在优化培养基中培养较初始培养基CF66I活性提高了约两倍。