安徽潜山盆地古新世地层和脊椎动物概述（英文）

潜山盆地中、新生代红层由一套单斜的碎屑岩组成,划分为上白垩统高河埠组、古新统望虎墩组(分为上、中、下三段)和痘姆组(分上、下两段)。1970年以来,在潜山盆地的持续调查发现了大量脊椎动物化石。迄今为止,潜山盆地古新统共报道了45属61种(含9个未命名的种)脊椎动物,包括爬行类、鸟类和哺乳类。其中哺乳动物最为丰富,共有33属46种(含7个未命名种),分属10个目16个科。根据化石产出的层位,可以在潜山古新统中识别出7个化石层位。基于哺乳动物生物地层学证据,望虎墩组下段至上段下部可以大致与广东南雄盆地上湖组和江西池江盆地狮子口组对比,对应于亚洲陆相哺乳动物分期的上湖期;望虎墩组上段上部和痘姆组可以与南雄盆地浓山组以及池江盆地的池江组对比,与浓山期相对应。综合我国几个古新世盆地的古地磁研究结果显示,上湖期可以大致与北美陆相哺乳动物分期的Puercan和Torreionian对比,浓山期则与Tiffanian早中期(Ti1-Ti4a)相当。上湖期和浓山期还可以进一步与国际地质年表中的丹尼期(Danian)和塞兰特期(Selandian)对比。因此,潜山盆地发现的脊椎动物化石的时代属于早、中古新世。     

安徽潜山古新世蜥蜴化石的分类学厘定（英文）

相对于中国和蒙古晚白垩世较知名的蜥蜴动物群,该地区古新世蜥蜴的研究非常有限。安徽潜山盆地曾报道了古新统望虎墩组和痘母组中的6种蜥蜴:中国飞蜥(Agama sinensis Hou,1974),淮南安徽蜥(Anhuisaurus huainanensis Hou,1974),短头安庆蜥(Anqingosaurus brevicephalus Hou,1976),华南长江蜥(Changjiangosaurus huananensis Hou,1976),黄铺潜山蜥(Qianshanosaurus huangpuensis Hou,1974)和痘母响蜥(Tinosaurus doumuensis Hou,1974),但化石材料均较破碎。本文使用CT扫描技术,在最新的有鳞类分类框架下对这些属种进行了重新研究,修订了上述属种的形态学特征及其分类位置。潜山盆地古新世蜥蜴动物群具有比原认为更高的形态学和生态学分异度,如巨蜥类材料(IVPP V22767)的发现和对安庆蜥可能为穴居型的新解释。     

安徽潜山新发现的钝脚类头骨化石

本文记述了发现于安徽潜山盆地中古新统望虎墩组上段的一件较为完整的钝脚类头骨化石,将其归入 Altilanbda 属中,并建立—新种——余井高脊兽(A. yujingensis sp. nov.).     

我国新发现古新世秧鸡化石

本文记述了产自安徽潜山古新世痘姆组一鹤形目鸟类化石。依据其肱骨、胫跗骨和跗骨等具有的不同于已知鹤形目鸟类的特征,订一新属种,隶属于秧鸡科,它既填补了鹤形目在古新世的空白,也是秧鸡科最早和形态比较原始的代表。     

安徽潜山古新世(犭亚)兽科新材料及系统发育

本文记述了发现于潜山盆地中古新统望虎墩组上段的两件保存较好的(犭亚)兽类化石,它们分别代表了两个新属种:古井曙(犭亚)(新属、新种)(Eosigale gujingensis gen. et sp. nov.)和余氏棋盘兽(新属、新种)(Qipania yui gen. et sp. nov.)。在分析(犭亚)兽科各属及相关类群特征的基础上,重新厘订了(犭亚)兽科的涵义,探讨了(犭亚)兽类与亚洲其他古老真兽类之间的系统发育关系,认为(犭亚)兽科和假古猬科的关系最近。     

安徽潜山古新世混兽目(哺乳纲)一新属

产于潜山盆地中古新统望虎墩组上段的混兽目（Mixotheridia）的新属种─—周氏安徽兽（Waniachowigen．etsp．nov.）,主要特征是：齿式？·1·3（？）2＋？／？·1·3·3,上颊齿外架窄,外中凹浅,附尖不发育,P5后尖明显,臼齿向后显著变小,P5及M3下跟座均具两个小尖。与该目中两个科Zhelestidae、Zalambdalestidae的成员相比,Wania在牙齿结构上更接近于Zhelestidae的成员,而且它不具有Zalambdalestidae科的典型特征,本文暂将它归入Zhelestidae科中。     

安徽古新世的龟类

本文记述了安徽古新世龟科的一新属(安徽龟属)、两新种(小市安徽龟、潜山安徽龟)以及该属的一个未定种。古新世是龟科迄今确知的最早地史记录,目前报导尚不多。就整个龟鳖类来看,古新世的材料也是比较少的。连同本文记述的,我国已知古新世龟鳖类的记录共有2科、3属、5种。     

安徽潜山新发现的假古猬类化石

记述了安徽省潜山盆地早～中古新世望虎墩组中发现的２属３种假古猬类化石,其中包括一个新种──望虎墩非猬（Ａｎｉｃｔｏｐｓ ｗａｎｇｈｕｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。新种不同于属型种大别非猬（Ａｎｉｃｔｏｐｓ ｔａｂｉｅｐｅｄｉｓ）在于下颊齿下前尖更衰退且更靠近下后尖,下次小尖不发育,ｍ３跟座呈圆形。上颊齿单面高冠现象较显著,相对横宽。     

安徽潜山古新世一种似钝脚目的哺乳类

本文记述了在安徽潜山盆地中古新世望虎墩组下部发现的一块具完整颊齿的头骨化石,并据此建立了—新科——丰齿兽科 (Plethorodontidae fam. nov.).包括—新属新种—潜山丰齿兽 (Plethorodon chienshanensis gen. et sp. nov.).根据上颊齿特点,笔者认为它与翼齿兽比较接近,因而暂被放入钝脚目.文中还对这两类动物的有关分类阶元提出了初步意见.     

新疆艾比湖湿地国家级自然保护区发现四爪陆龟

正四爪陆龟(Testudo horsfeldii)又名草原龟,俗称旱龟、鳖盖,隶属于爬行纲(Reptilia)龟鳖目(Testudoformes)陆龟科(Testudinidae)陆龟属(史海涛1998)。四爪陆龟的标本最早由新疆大学许设科等于1957年在新疆伊犁州霍城县芦草沟乡采集(许设科等1984),并于1973作为中国新记录种首次报道(赵尔宓1973)。该物种目前在中国已知的分布区仅局限于新疆霍城四爪陆龟国家级自然保护区,其他地     

The parasitic chytrid, Zygorhizidium, facilitates the growth of the cladoceran zooplankter, Daphnia, in cultures of the inedible alga, Asterionella

In food-web studies, parasites are often ignored owing to their insignificant biomass. We provide evidence that parasites may affect trophic transfer in aquatic food webs. Many phytoplankton species are susceptible to parasitic fungi (chytrids). Chytrid infections of diatoms in lakes may reach epidemic proportions during diatom spring blooms, so that numerous free-swimming fungal zoospores (2-3 microm in diameter) are produced. Analysis shows that these zoospores are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols (particularly cholesterol), which indicates that they provide excellent food for zooplankters such as Daphnia. In life-table experiments using the large diatom Asterionella formosa as food, Daphnia growth increased significantly in treatments where a parasite was present. By grazing on the zoospores, Daphnia acquired important supplementary nutrients and were able to grow. When large inedible algae are infected by parasites, nutrients within the algal cells are consumed by these chytrids, some of which, in turn, are grazed by Daphnia. Thus, chytrids transfer energy and nutrients from their hosts to zooplankton. This study suggests that parasitic fungi alter trophic relationships in freshwater ecosystems and may be the important components in shaping the community and the food-web dynamics of lakes.     

Revision of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893, with the proposal of a new genus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

The large genus Orthomorpha is rediagnosed and is shown to currently comprise 51 identifiable species ranging from northern Myanmar and Thailand in the Northwest to Lombok Island, Indonesia in the Southeast. Of them, 20 species have been revised and/or abundantly illustrated, based on a restudy of mostly type material; further 12 species are described as new: Orthomorpha atypicasp. n., Orthomorpha communissp. n., Orthomorpha isarankuraisp. n., Orthomorpha picturatasp. n., Orthomorpha similanensissp. n., Orthomorpha suberectasp. n., Orthomorpha tuberculiferasp. n.,Orthomorpha subtuberculiferasp. n. and Orthomorpha latitergasp. n., all from Thailand, as well as Orthomorpha elevatasp. n.,Orthomorpha spiniformissp. n. and Orthomorpha subelevatasp. n., from northern Malaysia. The type-species Orthomorpha beaumontii (Le Guillou, 1841) is redescribed in due detail from male material as well, actually being a senior subjective synonym of Orthomorpha spinala (Attems, 1932), syn. n. Two additional new synonymies are proposed: Orthomorpha rotundicollis (Attems, 1937) = Orthomorpha tuberculata (Attems, 1937), syn. n., and Orthomorpha butteli Carl, 1922 = Orthomorpha consocius Chamberlin, 1945, syn. n., the valid names to the left. All species have been keyed and all new and some especially widespread species have been mapped. Further six species, including two revised from type material, are still to be considered dubious, mostly because their paraterga appear to be too narrow to represent Orthomorpha species. A new genus, Orthomorphoidesgen. n., diagnosed versus Orthomorpha through only moderately well developed paraterga, coupled with a poorly bi- or trifid gonopod tip, with at least some of its apical prongs being short spines, is erected for two species: Orthomorpha setosus (Attems, 1937), the type-species, which is also revised from type material, and Orthomorpha exaratus (Attems, 1953), both comb. n. ex Orthomorpha.     

Inventory of the carabid beetle fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains,western Yunnan Province,China: species of the tribe Zabrini (Coleoptera,Carabidae)

A ten-year multidisciplinary, multi-national and multi-institutional biodiversity inventory project in the Gaoligong Shan region of western Yunnan Province, China generated more than 35,000 specimens of the beetle (Coleoptera) family Carabidae. In this report, first of a planned series, we focus on diversity in tribe Zabrini. Our study of just over 1300 specimens of zabrine carabids from the project, all in genus Amara Bonelli, found a total of 13 species, all previously described, to occur in the study area, with none of them strictly endemic. We present a key for identification of adults of these species, as well as nomenclatural data, diagnoses, illustrations of dorsal habitus and male genitalia, and information about geographical, altitudinal and habitat distributions within the study area and overall geographical distribution for each species. Distributions of the species within the study area are compared, and broader geographical range patterns are characterized. We also discuss a possible role of the Gaoligong Shan region as one source area for the present-day fauna of the Himalaya and southern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau.     

Revision of the Taiwanese millipede genus Chamberlinius Wang, 1956, with descriptions of two new species and a reclassification of the tribe Chamberlinini (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Paradoxosomatinae)

The millipede genus Chamberlinius is basically confined to Taiwan, with only one of the four known species presumably introduced to southern Japan. Both previously known species are redescribed, based on new material: Chamberlinius hualienensis Wang, 1956 (the type species) and Chamberlinius piceofasciatus (Gressitt, 1941), the latter being a new subjective senior synonym of Chamberlinius shengmui Wang, 1957, syn. n. Two further congeners are described as new: Chamberlinius pessior sp. n. and Chamberlinius sublaevus sp. n. The genus is re-diagnosed, all of its four species are keyed, and their distributions mapped. The tribe Chamberlinini is reclassified and, based on gonopod traits, shown to comprise the following five genera: Chamberlinius Wang, 1956, Haplogonosoma Brölemann, 1916, Riukiupeltis Verhoeff, 1939, Aponedyopus Verhoeff, 1939 and Geniculodesmus Chen, Golovatch and Chang, 2008.     

On the Chinese species of the genus Intestinarius Kurbatov (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)

A total of three Chinese species of the genus Intestinarius Kurbatov, 2007 are recognized, among which, two new species are described: Intestinarius guangdongensissp. n. from Guangdongand Intestinarius longicepssp. n. from Guizhou. Illustrations of major diagnostic characters are given for all three Chinese species including Intestinarius kuzmini Kurbatov, 2007. A key is included to aid in their identification.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Review of subtribe Singilina Jeannel, 1949, of the Middle East and Central Asia (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)

Species of the genus Singilis Rambur, 1837 (Phloeozeteus Peyron, 1856, syn. n., Agatus Motschulsky, 1845, syn. n.), occurring in the Middle East and Central Asia are reviewed, with 24 species now recognized in the region, including ten species described as new: Singilis makarovi sp. n. (Tajikistan), Singilis jedlickai sp. n. (Afghanistan), Singilis kolesnichenkoi sp. n. (Iran), Singilis kabakovi sp. n. (Afghanistan, Iran), Singilis timuri sp. n. (Uzbekistan), Singilis klimenkoi sp. n. (Iran), Singilis saeedi sp. n. (Iran), Singilis felixi sp. n. (UAE), Singilis kryzhanovskii sp. n. (Iran, Turkmenistan), and Singilis timidus sp. n. (Iran); Singilis libani (Sahlberg, 1913) is recognized as a valid species; and Singilis solskyi nom. n. is proposed as a replacement name for Agatus bicolor (Solsky, 1874, not Rambur 1837), now placed in Singilis as junior homonym. New synonymies include: Singilis cingulatus (Gebler, 1843) = Singilis jakeschi Jedlička, 1967, syn. n.; Singilis mesopotamicus Pic, 1901 = Singilis apicalis Jedlička, 1956, syn. n. A key to species is provided. Habitus and aedeagal illustrations are provided for all species. Distributional data include many new country records.     

Esterase Allozymes of Soybean Cyst Nematode,Heterodera glycines,from China,Japan, and the United States

Individual females from 19 populations of Heterodera glycines from China, Japan, and the United States were analyzed for esterase allozyme polymorphism. Eight esterase electrophoretic phenotypes were resolved. Four putative loci, est-1, est-2, est-3, and est-4, were identified, having one, one, two, and one allele, respectively. The four loci expressed six genotypes in the four Chinese populations. Loci est-2, est-3, and est-4 were identified in five Japanese populations and expressed five genotypes, whereas only loci est-2 and est-3 were identified in 10 populations from the United States and expressed four genotypes. Putative alleles at each locus were defined as characters for data analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (PAUP) was utilized to determine relationships among the 19 populations. More loci and alleles in populations from China and phylogenetic similarities among populations from Japan and the United States are consistent with a founder effect resulting from dissemination of progenitor H. glycines from China to Japan and subsequent introductions of founder populations from Japan to the United States.     

Studies of the genetics, function, and kinetic mechanism of TagE, the wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis 168

The biosynthetic enzymes involved in wall teichoic acid biogenesis in gram-positive bacteria have been the subject of renewed investigation in recent years with the benefit of modern tools of biochemistry and genetics. Nevertheless, there have been only limited investigations into the enzymes that glycosylate wall teichoic acid. Decades-old experiments in the model gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis 168, using phage-resistant mutants implicated tagE (also called gtaA and rodD) as the gene coding for the wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase. This study and others have provided only indirect evidence to support a role for TagE in wall teichoic acid glycosylation. In this work, we showed that deletion of tagE resulted in the loss of α-glucose at the C-2 position of glycerol in the poly(glycerol phosphate) polymer backbone. We also reported the first kinetic characterization of pure, recombinant wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase using clean synthetic substrates. We investigated the substrate specificity of TagE using a wide variety of acceptor substrates and found that the enzyme had a strong kinetic preference for the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to glycerol phosphate in polymeric form. Further, we showed that the enzyme recognized its polymeric (and repetitive) substrate with a sequential kinetic mechanism. This work provides direct evidence that TagE is the wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase in B. subtilis 168 and provides a strong basis for further studies of the mechanism of wall teichoic acid glycosylation, a largely uncharted aspect of wall teichoic acid biogenesis.     

Notes on the Nazeris fauna of Yunnan Province, China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae)

Two new species of the genus Nazeris Fauvel collected from Nabanhe Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, are described under the names of Nazeris nabanhensissp. n. and Nazeris caoisp. n. The male sexual characters are described and illustrated. A key to the Nazeris species of Yunnan is provided. A map of the collecting sites is given.