枯草芽孢杆菌氧化还原感应全局调控因子Rex对乙偶姻合成的影响

【背景】枯草芽孢杆菌体内含有一种可响应胞内氧化还原水平的因子,称之为氧化还原感应全局调控因子Rex (由基因ydiH编码)。Rex可通过感知辅酶NADH/NAD+水平的变化来调节胞内氧化还原平衡。【目的】研究Rex对枯草芽孢杆菌乙偶姻合成和辅因子代谢的相关性。【方法】利用比较转录组挖掘乙偶姻和2,3-丁二醇可逆转化过程中显著差异的基因,并通过Cre/lox基因敲除技术敲除ydiH、acuA (乙酰AcsA)和acoC (二氢脂酰胺乙酰转移酶)。随后,利用实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR)技术分析敲除菌株中乙偶姻相关基因的转录水平。【结果】通过发酵实验发现,敲除ydiH会在一定程度上抑制菌体的生长速率,但发酵前期乙偶姻单位细胞产量和底物转化率都得到了显著提高;敲除acuA和acoC后,对乙偶姻合成、菌体生长和糖耗速率均影响不大;敲除ydiH后,与乙偶姻合成相关基因alsR (alsSD的正转录调控因子)、alsS (α-乙酰乳酸合成酶)、alsD (α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶)和bdhA (2,3-丁二醇脱氢酶)的转录水平显著上调。【结论】枯草芽孢杆菌氧化还原感应全局调控因子Rex通过抑制与...     

枯草芽孢杆菌表达与调控工具相关研究进展

枯草芽孢杆菌作为革兰氏阳性模式微生物,由于其清晰的遗传背景、高效的分泌能力以及简单的培养条件等优势被广泛的应用于生物技术产业。近年来,随着代谢工程与合成生物学的发展,枯草芽孢杆菌相关表达系统与调控工具研究也取得了很大进展。围绕枯草芽孢杆菌动态调控工具的研究进展,分别从转录水平调控和转录后水平调控两个层面上进行综述,并对调控元件在生物技术中的应用进行了讨论。最后,对未来枯草芽孢杆菌表达与调控工具的发展进行了展望。     

Affinity of phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase for the liponucleotides in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract In Bacillus subtilis , the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol, the more reactive phospholipid, was investigated in vitro. The phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase was exclusively localized in the membrane fraction. Three phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerophosphate, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol) were synthesized by this fraction. Exogenous CDP-diglyceride and dCDP-diglyceride were substrates with the same K _m (0.11 mM). In coupled system with CDP-diglyceride synthetase, endogenous dCDP-diglyceride was a less effective substrate than CDP-diglyceride.     

AbrB is a regulator of the sigma(W) regulon in Bacillus subtilis

The Bacillus subtilis global regulator AbrB was found to negatively control expression of sigW and genes of the sigma(W) regulon. AbrB bound to DNA regions in the autoregulatory sigW promoter and to some, but not all, of the other sigma(W)-dependent promoters in B. subtilis. Defects in antibiotic resistance properties caused by spo0A mutations are at least partially correlated with AbrB repression of the sigma(W) regulon.     

Cloning in Bacillus subtilis of temperature-dependent promoter fragments from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Using promoter-probe plasmids, more than 200 promoter-containing fragments from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis were cloned in B. subtilis . Among these, 15 promoter fragments were highly temperature-dependent in activity compared to the promoter sequence (TTGAAA for the −35 region, TATAAT for the −10 region) of the amylase gene, amyT , from B. stearothermophilus . Some fragments exhibited higher promoter activities at elevated temperature (48°C), others showed higher activities at lower temperature (30°C). Active promoter fragments at higher and lower temperatures were obtained mainly from the thermophile ( B. stearothermophilus ) and the mesophile ( B. subtilis ), respectively. A promoter fragment active at high temperature was sequenced, and the feature of the putative promoter region was discussed.     

A pleitropic mutation affecting purine metabolism in Bacillus subtilis

A pleiotropic mutation (cpm) which is localized in the vicinity of the spoOA gene is described in Bacillus subtilis. The mutation inhibits spore formation, rendering bacteria auxotrophic for adenine and tyrosine, enhances sensitivity to antibiotics, decreases cell motility, inhibits the ability to grow on pentoses and to maintain bacteriophage multiplication, induces severalfold the activities of alkaline proteinase and alpha-amylase. At the same time, the cpm mutant starts to excrete inosine into the growth medium. This excretion most probably is explained by a 50-fold increase in the activity of inosine monophosphate: 5'-nucleotidase and a 10-fold decrease in the activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. The inosine production and Ade- phenotype of the cpm mutant is not accompanied by the change in the activity of succinyl adenosine monophosphate synthetase. The nature of the mutation is discussed.     

PspA外源表达对枯草芽孢杆菌168蛋白质分泌的影响

PspA同源物广泛存在于细菌和高等生物的组织中.在本研究中克隆了来源于地衣芽孢杆菌的PspA基因,并将其克隆于用于大肠-芽孢穿梭诱导表达载体pDG-StuI中构建重组质粒pDG-PspA.将构建的诱导表达型的重组质粒转化到Bacillus subtilis 168中,研究PspA的外源表达对该菌的生长,总蛋白分泌,以及Sec分泌途径中α-淀粉酶分泌的影响,结果表明,PspA基因的外源表达,在发酵过程后期能在一定程度上提高总蛋白的分泌量,在发酵过程后期能在一定程度上提高分泌的α-淀粉酶浓度.     

茶碱激活型RNA分子开关的构建及在枯草芽胞杆菌中调节外源基因表达的性能

枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillussubtilis在工业生物技术以及合成生物学领域作为一种重要的微生物可广泛用作代谢工程、重组蛋白表达以及新型基因电路的底盘。在B. subtilis中构建基于非编码RNA的高精准调节元件,能够实现不依赖蛋白质因子的基因表达调控,丰富B.subtilis基因表达通用工具。通过基因工程手段,设计了基于茶碱适体域的核糖开关E和适体核酶AZ调节元件,并与不同的B.subtilis内源组成型启动子适配,构建出茶碱激活型基因表达控制元件。测定这两种调节元件与6种组成型启动子组合匹配下报告基因GFP的荧光强度,鉴定并分析各调控元件的工作性能。并进一步以红色荧光蛋白mCherry和普鲁兰酶两种不同的异源蛋白验证核糖开关或适体核酶与启动子的最优组合。结果表明,同一种RNA调节元件与不同启动子组合呈现不同水平的调控效率。在核糖开关与启动子的组合中,启动子PsigW和核糖开关E组合(sigWE)对GFP表达的诱导率最高,达到16.8。在适体核酶与启动子的组合中,AZ与启动子P43、PrpoB组合(P43AZ和rpoBAZ)的诱导率最高,分别达到了6.1和6.2。进一步验证结果显示,sigWE调控mCherry的诱导率最高(9.2),而P43E调控普鲁兰酶的诱导率最高(32.8),产酶水平达到了81U/mL。核糖开关和适体核酶对GFP、mCherry、普鲁兰酶均能实现调控,但是不同元件组合的调控性能有所差异,对不同基因的调控效果也不尽相同。     

A Bacillus subtilis 168 mutant with increased xylose uptake can utilize xylose as sole carbon source

Abstract Bacillus subtilis 168 is unable to effectively utilize xylose as sole carbon source. We demonstrate here that this strain cannot actively transport xylose into the cell. After leaving B. subtilis 168 for a few days on minimal plates with xylose as sole carbon source large colonies arise with a frequency of 1 × 10⁻⁶/cell. These mutants grow well on xylose and efficiently take up that sugar. This new property is not inducible by xylose, indicating that the mutation is neither in the xyl nor in the xyn operon.     

Epr plays a key role in DegU-mediated swarming motility of Bacillus subtilis

Epr, a minor extracellular protease, is involved in the swarming motility of Bacillus subtilis . It does so by providing essential signals required for swarming. It has also been demonstrated that DegU is required for swarming and that it occurs at very low levels of DegU∼P and is inhibited at high levels of DegU∼P. In this study, we show that maximal epr expression is observed at very low concentrations of DegU∼P, whereas it is repressed at high DegU∼P. A parallel effect of DegU∼P levels on swarming motility is also observed, where very low levels of DegU∼P support swarming and excessive DegU∼P abolishes swarming. We further demonstrate that the defect of swarming motility in a degU ⁻ strain can be rescued, albeit incompletely, by increased expression of an exogenous epr gene. We also show that an additional extracellular factor(s), apart from epr , regulated by DegU, is required for robust swarming.     

The oxidative stress response in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Bacillus subtilis undergoes a typical bacterial stress response when exposed to low concentrations (0.1 mM) of hydrogen peroxide. Protection is thereby induced against otherwise lethal, challenge concentrations (10 mM) of this oxidant and a number of proteins are induced including the scavenging enzymes, catalase and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, and a putative DNA binding and protecting protein. Induced protection against higher concentrations (10–30 mM) of hydrogen peroxide is eliminated in a catalase-deficient mutant. Both RecA and Spo0A influence the basal but not the induced resistance to hydrogen peroxide. A regulatory mutation has been characterized that affects the inducible phenotype and is constitutively resistant to high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. This mutant constitutively overexpresses the proteins induced by hydrogen peroxide in the wild-type. The resistance of spores to hydrogen peroxide is partly attributable to binding of small acid soluble proteins by the spore DNA and partly to a second step which coincides with the depletion of the NADH pool, which may inhibit the generation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide.     

Oscillations in the activities of respiratory enzymes in synchronized Bacillus subtilis

Abstract The activities of NADH, succinate and lactate dehydrogenases have been measured during the cell cycle of Bacillus subtilis . All three enzymes showed an oscillatory pattern of activity expressed as two maxima and two minima per division cycle. For both succinate and lactate dehydrogenases the maxima occurred at approximately 0.2 and 0.6 of a cycle. The maxima of NADH dehydrogenase activity were out of phase at 0.4 and 0.9 of a cycle and occurred at the same time as the rises in respiratory activity previously reported for this bacterium.