天兰淡红链霉菌(S.coeruleorubidus)原生质体再生株激光辐照的研究

本文首次报导天兰淡红链霉菌（Ｓ．ｃｏｅｒｕｌｅｏｒｕｂｉｄｕｓ）原生质体再生株铜蒸气激光辐照的研究结果,从中得到生产罐中柔红霉素发酵单位比其出发株提高１２．９％的高产株Ｃ８２,其最高发酵单位达国内最好水平,已在国内应用。     

天兰淡红链霉菌原生质体再生株激光辐照的研究

本文首次报导天兰淡红链霉菌原生质体再生株铜蒸气激光辐照的研究结果,从中得到生产罐中柔红霉素发酵单位比其出发株提高１２．９％的高产株Ｃ－８２,其最高发酵单位达国内最好水平,已在国内应用。     

8-Mop选育薰衣草链霉菌(Streptomyces lavendulae)的研究

本文首次报导8-甲氧基补骨脂素(8-Mop)单一选育薰衣草链霉菌(Streptomyoes lavendulae)的研究结果,曾有摇瓶发酵单位提高18．3％的高产株获得,高产株已在国内应用。     

空间选育毒三素链霉菌(Streptomyces toxytricini)

本文首次报导毒三素链霉菌(Streptomyces toxytricini)空间育种的研究结果,曾有摇瓶发酵单位提高19．2％的高产株获得。     

生淀粉高浓度酒精发酵的研究

本研究利用国内常用的糖化酶制剂糖化生玉米面中的淀粉,同时接种酵母菌,在30℃下,探讨了玉米淀粉的高浓度酒精发酵工艺。选择到了一株产高浓度酒精酵母菌,H0菌株。发酵温度为30℃、pH4一s、加糖化酶量为每克原料300单位、酵母接种量3％(v／v)和原料加量为33．0％(w／v)时,这株酵母菌在70小时内可产生17．5％(v／v)的乙醇。如果原料加量为36．0％(w／v)时,该菌株在96小时内可以产生18．O％(v／v)的乙醇。在前一种加料情况下,成熟发酵醪中的pH为5、残还原糖为O．19％、残总糖为3．5“。在后一种加料情况下,成熟发酵醪中的pH为5、残还原糖为0．81％、残总糖为5．1％。     

激光辐照的林肯链霉菌（S.lincolnensis）研究

本文首次报导铜蒸气激光辐照林肯链霉菌（Ｓ．ｌｉｎｃｏｌｎｅｎｓｉｓ）的研究结果,曾获得高产株,最高发酵单位比对照未辐照者提高１５．８％。     

8-Mop选育肉桂地链霉菌(StreptomycesCinnamonensis)的研究

作者首次报导8－甲氧基补骨（8－Mop)单一选育肉桂地链霉菌（Streptomyces cinnamonensis)的研究结果,曾有摇瓶发酵产量增幅达7．5％的稳产高产株获得,高产株已在国内应用。     

提高Lovastatin产生菌生物合成能力的研究

用微波等离子体(N^ 20w，4win)诱变M．ruber，筛选到一株高产菌株，再经过发酵工艺优化，最终Lovastaitin的发酵产率提高21．8％。     

南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变筛选研究

通过对链霉素对南昌霉素（Nanchangmycin)产生菌NS－41－80菌株孢子的致死浓度测定基础上,采用诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）的不同诱发剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素（10ug/mL)致死浓度的高氏平板上,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株。然后从3,000株链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株中通过初筛获得比诱变出发菌株产素能力提高20％以上的菌株202株,再进一步通过摇瓶复筛,获得比出发菌株产素能力分别提高100％,200％,300％高产菌株为48株,7株和1株,分别为复筛菌和初筛菌株的23．76％和1．60％,3．46％和0．23％,0．5％和0．03％,将产素能力提高240％以上5个菌株连同出发菌株连续3批次进行摇瓶发酵结果,5个突变株的产素能力均比出发菌株的产素能力提高57％－96．4％,其中突变株80－5．3－165菌株摇瓶发酵单位达6,000ug/mL以上,3批次摇瓶平均发酵单位达5,855ug/mL,建立了南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变快速高效的筛选方法。     

应用原生质体技术选育天兰淡红链霉菌

本文报道柔红霉素产生菌——天兰淡红链霉菌原生质体的制备和再生方法,并从再生菌落中筛选得到摇瓶发酵单位提高５％的高产菌株３０＃。将再生高产株经铜蒸气激光辐照,得到在生产罐中发酵水平比对照出发菌株提高１２．９％的高产菌株８２＃。     

Reproducibility of the biosynthetic parameters in various fermentation equipment

The final parameters of tetracycline biosynthesis in different fermentation apparatus were analysed comparatively with an account of possible changing of the fermentation broth volume against the initial one due to water evaporation. It was shown that for comparison of the biosynthesis parameters in different fermentation apparatus it is necessary to reestimate the activity values or the antibiotic concentration in a unit of the medium volume with respect to the initial volume of the fermentation medium charged into the apparatus.     

Production of the antifungal peptide antibiotic,iturin by Bacillus subtilis NB22 in solid state fermentation

Production of iturin, an antifungal peptide effective at suppressing phytopathogens, by Bacillus subtilis NB22 was investigated in solid state fermentation (SSF) using soy bean curd residue (okara). In scale-up from 15 g to 3 kg, aeration, temperature, and moisture content were controlling factors for the efficient production of iturin. It was found that solid state fermentation was 6–8 times more efficient with respect to iturin productivity than submerged fermentation on the basis of unit wet weight. Higher productivity in selective production of specific components of iturin which are stronger inhibitors of plant pathogens was also confirmed in SSF.     

8-Mop选育天兰淡红链霉菌(S. Coeruleorubidus)高产株

本文首次报导天兰淡红链霉菌（S.coeruleorubidus)经8－甲氧基补骨脂素选育后,获得一株摇瓶产量稳增7．47％的高产株,已在国内应用。     

Degradation of procyanidins by Aspergillus fumigatus: identification of a novel aromatic ring cleavage product

Aspergillus fumigatus was able to grow on apple-purified procyanidins (PCs). PCs concentration decreased 30% over the first 60 h of liquid fermentation. The mean degree of polymerization (DPn) of apple-purified PCs increased from 8 to 15 during the fermentation. A fungal enzyme extract from the liquid fermentation was used to study procyanidin B2 [(-)-epicatechin-(4beta-8)-(-)-epicatechin] degradation. The major degradation product (PB2-X) had a retention time of 10.5 min and a molecular mass at m/z 609. High-performance liquid chromatography/multiple fragment mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS(n)) was used for the structural characterization of PB2-X as well as that of thiolysis-treated PB2-X. Twelve fragment ions at m/z 565, 547, 457, 439 (two fragment ions), 421, 413, 377, 395, 351, 287 and 277 were completely identified. It was therefore deduced that the terminal unit of procyanidin B2 dimer was modified by an oxygenase from A. fumigatus leaving the extension unit intact. In addition, FT-IR analysis confirmed a lactone formation in (-)-epicatechin moiety involved in oxidative degradation. Two reaction schemes were postulated for the interpretation of the results.     

长波紫外线与8-甲氧基补骨脂素复合选育天蓝淡红链霉菌(S.coeruleorubidus) 高产株的研究

首次报道长波紫外线(near ultraviole)与8-甲氧基补骨脂素(8-methoxypsoralen)复合选育天蓝淡红链霉菌(S. coeruleorubidus)的研究结果,曾获柔红霉素较出发株稳增6.7%的高产株。     

搅拌对红霉素发酵的影响

在20t工业发酵罐中,研究了涡轮桨和翼形轴流桨搅拌对红霉素发酵过程的影响,重点考察了粘度、溶氧、效价、搅拌电流和糖代谢等过程参数的变化,以及搅拌功耗与发酵产量之间的关系。研究结果表明：(1)不同的搅拌桨搅拌其发酵过程参数(粘度,溶氧,效价等)随时间的变化曲线有明显的差异;(2)搅拌功耗同发酵产量之间的关系,翼形桨明显不同于涡轮桨;(3)在相同的生产条件下,用翼形桨代替涡轮桨可节省搅拌功耗。     

Ethanol synthesis and aerobic respiration in the laboratory by leader segments of Douglas-fir seedlings from winter and spring

Stem segments from terminal leaders of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, seedlings were sampled in mid-December when cambial cells were dormant. The residual, debudded leaders were resampled again in early May when the cambium was metabolically active. May stems had higher constitutive ethanol concentrations than December stems. This was not the result of cambial hypoxia generated by rapid spring respiration rates, because when aerobic respiration was stimulated by incubating the stems in air at 30 degrees C ethanol production was induced in December, but not in May. Rapid respiration rates at 30 degrees C may have depleted O(2) supplies and induced ethanol production in December stems because dormant, thick-walled cambial cells may be less permeable to CO(2) and O(2), compared with metabolically active, thin-walled cambial cells in May. December stem segments incubated in a N(2) atmosphere at 30 degrees C synthesized 1.8 times more ethanol than segments from May, most likely because spring growth had reduced the soluble sugars available for fermentation. CO(2) efflux from May stems (after 5.5 h of incubation at 30 degrees C) was equal to December stems per unit volume, but greater than December stems per unit surface area. N(2)-induced ethanol concentrations were positively related with CO(2) efflux per unit volume, indicating that rapidly respiring leaders can maintain rapid fermentation rates, provided soluble sugars are readily available. N(2)-induced ethanol and CO(2) efflux per unit volume declined with increasing leader diameter in both seasons, whereas there were no relationships between CO(2) efflux per unit surface area and diameter. Cambium physiology and phenology influence the induction of fermentation and concentrations of ethanol produced in terminal leaders of Douglas-fir, and probably other conifers as well. This needs to be considered when comparing fermentation among species, or comparing individuals from different seasons, or disparate ages within a species.