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1.
Detection of DNA sequence polymorphisms among wheat varieties 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
S. He H. Ohm S. Mackenzie 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1992,84(5-6):573-578
Summary A DNA marker detection strategy that allows the rapid, efficient resolution of high levels of polymorphism among closely related lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been developed to circumvent the apparent lack of restriction fragment length polymorphism in many important self-pollinated crop species. The technique of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was combined with a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis system (DGGE) to explore DNA sequence polymorphisms among different genotypes of wheat. Of the 65 primer combinations used for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications, over 38% of them produced readily detectable and reproducible DNA polymorphisms between a spring wheat line, SO852, and a winter wheat variety, Clark. A high level of polymorphism was observed among a number of commercial varieties and breeding lines of wheat. This procedure was also used to detect polymorphisms in a recombinant inbred population to test the feasibility of its application in genome mapping. This DNA polymorphism detection system provides an opportunity for pedigree analysis and fingerprinting of developed wheat lines as well as construction of a high density genetic map of wheat. Without the need for 32P and sophisticated DNA extraction procedures, this approach should make it feasible to utilize marker-based selection in a plant breeding program. 相似文献
2.
A search for markers of epigenetic variability in spring common wheat form Genotroph-1, obtained after the treatment of seeds and growing plants of spring common wheat cultivar Kazakhstanskaya-126 with nicotinic acid of innate origin (0.1–0.01% water solutions), and in a winter wheat line Gostianum-88 along with a common wheat cultivar Alem obtained on the basis of Genotroph-1 was conducted under laboratory conditions. The possibility of using isoenzymes as markers for studying variability induced by natural nicotinic acid with high frequency was demonstrated. The marker enzyme glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase-2, by which modified plants and lines obtained on the basis of these plants differ from the original cultivar, was identified. 相似文献
3.
Ki-Woong Kim Bayanbileg Shinetugs Kyung-Hwa Heo Yong Lim Won Tserenkhuu Lkhagwasuren Sung Keun Chang Sang-Gi Paik 《Genes & genomics.》2009,31(5):377-385
Although the genetic polymorphism of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes was extensively studied at the molecular level by many investigators, the genetic polymorphism studies for ethanolmetabolizing enzymes in Mongolians are very rare. The present study was therefore performed to determine the genetic distribution of various forms of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2, currently accepted nomenclature ADH1B), ADH3 (ADH1C), aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) in 300 healthy Mongolian males. Genetic polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. The allele frequencies ofADH2 *1 andADH2 *2 were 0.24 and 0.76;ADH3 *1 andADH3 *2 were 0.92 and 0.08;ALDH2 *1 andALDH2 *2 were 0.96 and 0.04; andCYP2E1 *C andCYP2E1 *D were 0.15 and 0.85, respectively. Compared to the results reported by other investigators, the allele frequencies ofALDH2 *2 andCYP2E1 *C among Mongolian subjects were much lower than among East Asians (Korean, Japanese, and/or Han-Chinese), while those ofADH2 andADH3 were more similar. Interestingly, this study shows that the ineffectiveALDH2 gene (ALDH2*2 allele) among Mongolians is not as common as among East Asians. 相似文献
4.
5.
Gary E. Hart 《Biochemical genetics》1969,3(6):617-625
By means of the zymogram technique, two types of electrophoretic patterns were found for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in Triticum dicoccum, a tetraploid species of wheat. Each strain examined showed three bands of ADH activity. The two types of patterns found differed with respect to the relative electrophoretic mobilities and staining intensities of the bands. Evidence that the variation between the patterns is controlled at a single gene locus by two codominant alleles was obtained from appropriate genetic crosses. Heterozygotes for the allelic difference have five bands of ADH activity. These probably represent six different forms of the enzyme, two of which have coincident electrophoretic mobilities. These observations support the hypothesis that ADH exists as a dimer in T. dicoccum. It is probable that the enzyme subunits are coded for by duplicated ADH gene loci, each of which was contributed to the original tetraploid wheats by one of the two diploid progenitors of that group.This paper is Technical Article No. 7983, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
6.
H. Siedler M. M. Messmer G. M. Schachermayr H. Winzeler M. Winzeler B. Keller 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(8):994-1003
Fifty-two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), nine spring wheat, and 20 spelt (Triticum spelta L.) lines representing part of the European breeding germplasm, were assayed for RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) with 56 wheat DNA clones and two barley cDNA clones. Objectives of this study were to (1) determine the level of variation for RFLPs in the wheat and spelt breeding lines, (2) characterize the genetic diversity within the European winter wheat germplasm, and (3) evaluate the usefulness of RFLP markers for pedigree analysis and the grouping of wheat and spelt lines of various origins. Seventy-three of the 166 RFLP loci detected with 58 probes and one restriction enzyme were polymorphic for the 81 lines. The percentage of polymorphic loci was greatest for the B genome (58%) and smallest for the D genome (21%). Among the 81 lines, 271 different RFLP bands were detected. RFLP band frequencies of the winter wheat lines differed considerably (0.5) from those of the spring wheat lines at five loci, and from those of the spelt lines at 17 loci. Eight cultivars that had a major impact as progenitors on the development of improved winter wheat cultivars accounted for 93% of the observed RFLP bands in winter wheat. Genetic distance (GD) estimates between two lines ranged between 0.01 and 0.21. Mean GD estimates within winter wheat (0.083), within spring wheat (0.108) and within spelt (0.096) were smaller than between spring and winter wheat (0.114), and greatest between winter wheat and spelt (0.132) and spring wheat and spelt (0.148). Principal coordinate analysis performed on GD estimates revealed a clear separation of wheat and spelt germplasm. Novel spelt lines with various proportions of wheat germplasm were positioned between wheat and traditional spelt lines. The spring wheat lines formed a distinct group at the periphery of the distribution of the winter wheat lines. Subgroupings of the winter wheat lines according to the cluster analysis were in good agreement with their origin, and lines with common ancestors were grouped together. 相似文献
7.
全面了解西南地区小麦抗条锈病种质遗传多样性和群体结构信息,能有效提高抗病品种的育种效率。在本研究中,我们利用基于基因分型测序(GBS)技术的DArT-seqTM方法对134份小麦材料开展了全基因组基因分型,共获得了6919个多态性的SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)标记。它们的多态性指数(PIC,polymorphism information content)的范围在0.01到0.50之间,平均值为0.32。根据SNP标记在134份小麦品种中的基因分型数据,计算了品种间的遗传相似系数(GS),其变异范围为 0.51~0.98,平均值0.61。非加权组平均法(UPGMA,unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean)聚类分析结果显示根据来源地和亲缘关系的不同,这批小麦品种(系)可划分为五个群。主坐标分析(PCoA)结果显示,小麦材料清晰地聚集形成了两个群。第一类群由不同来源的小麦材料组成,群体较大且分布更紧密。而第二类群几乎都由贵州小麦组成,品种数目较少但更加分散。在抗条锈病基因的分布上,大多数携带Yr9基因位点的小麦品系聚集在第一类群中,而绝大多数携带Yr26抗病基因位点的小麦品系则聚集在第二类群中。本研究从基因型多样性水平上阐释了西南地区小麦抗病种质遗传背景,为西南地区和我国小麦的抗条锈病育种的提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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9.
Somatic hybrid calli were recovered following electrofusion of protoplasts from a chloroplast-containing cell suspension culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a cell suspension culture of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The protoplasts of wheat were inactivated by iodoacetamide; in addition morphology and colour were used as markers to aid selection of putative hybrid calli. For isozyme analysis of putative hybrids, nine isozymes were tested for differences in bands between the parental lines. Of these, three showed differences (ADH, GOT, SDH). Analysis of ADH bands of calli indicated that six lines were hybrids. These lines were analysed with the ,ther isozymes, and at the DNA level by Southern hybridisation with a wheat ribosomal DNA probe. The overall results indicated that one line was an almost complete combination of the genomes of the parental lines, but the other 5 lines were probably partial hybrids. In the latter, some loss of the wheat genome had probably occurred. 相似文献
10.
Kozub NO Sozinov IO Lisova HM Sozinov OO Ksynias IN Gouli-Vavdinoudi E Roupakias DG 《T?Sitologii?a i genetika》2003,37(6):39-40
Genotypes at the storage protein loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1, Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Gli-A3 were identified in a group of Greek spring common wheat varieties. These varieties served as the parental forms for producing dihaploid lines. Heterogeneous varieties were revealed. 相似文献
11.
Ninety-four lines of Triticum dicoccum isolated from 86 wheat accessions from Vavilov All-Russia Research Institute of Plant Industry (VIR, Russia) and INRA (Clermont-Ferrand, France) germ-plasm collections were studied using C-banding technique. Visual comparison of karyotypes of different accessions was performed to establish genetic relationships and evaluate features inherent for ecological--geographical groups. The level of C-banding polymorphism in the whole sample of tetraploid emmer proved to be relatively low. The diversity within groups was mostly higher than the differences between them. The material studied contained 39 lines carrying 16 different types of chromosomal rearrangements including single and multiple translocations and inversions. The level of translocation polymorphism was comparable with that detected earlier for polyploid wheat species. The frequencies of individual translocation types varied from 18 (T7A:5B) to 1 (nine types). Analysis of the distribution of the most frequent translocations & A:5B suggested that it has significant adaptive value on the territory of Europe. Similarity of the C-banding patterns of European emmer and the accessions with the same translocation of the Asian origin points to their possible common origin. The occurrence of the same translocation in several T. dicoccoides accessions from Syria and Lebanon may indicate that such forms of wild emmer could have taken part in the origin of cultivate emmer from Western Europe. Similarity of the C-banding patterns of some chromosomes of European emmer and spelt could serve as an indirect evidence of their close genetic relationships. 相似文献
12.
Leonova IN Dobrovol'skaia OB Kminskaia LN Adogina IG Koren' LV Khotyleva LV Salina EA 《Genetika》2005,41(9):1236-1243
Hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) lines were examined using molecular markers and the hybridization in situ technique. Triticale lines were generated based on wheat varieties differing by the Vrn gene systems and the earing times. Molecular analysis was performed using Xgwm and Xrms microsatellite markers with the known chromosomal localization in the common wheat Triticum aestivum, and rye Secale cereale genomes. Comparative molecular analysis of triticale lines and their parental forms showed that all lines contained A and B genomes of common wheat and also rye homeologous chromosomes. In the three lines the presence of D genome markers, mapped to the chromosomes 2D and 7D, was demonstrated. This was probably the consequence of the translocations of homeologous chromosomes from wheat genomes, which took part during the process of triticale formation. The data obtained by use of genomic in situ hybridization supported the data of molecular genetic analysis. In none of the lines wheat--rye translocations or recombinations were observed. These findings suggest that the change of the period between the seedling appearance and earing time in triticale lines compared to the initial wheat lines, resulted from the inhibitory effect of rye genome on wheat vernalization genes. 相似文献
13.
Using genealogy analysis, we studied genetic diversity of 340 cultivars of spring bread wheat that were released on the territory of Russia in 1929-2003. Trends in the temporal change of genetic diversity were inferred from analysis of a set of n x m matrices, where n is the number of the released cultivars and m is the number of original ancestors. The pool of original ancestors of the spring bread wheat cultivars for the total period of study included 255 landraces, of which 88 were from the former USSR and modern Russia. The original ancestors showed great differences in their presence in the cultivar sets examined and, consequently, in their importance for the gene pool of Russian spring wheats. The distributions of contributions of dominant original ancestors to cultivar diversity were significantly different in different regions, indicating that the ancestors were specific for the cultivation conditions. During the last 75 years, the genetic diversity of the spring bread wheat cultivars has been increasing owing to the wide use of foreign material in Russian breeding programs. However, our analysis showed that about 60 landraces, including the Russian ones, were lost during the studied time period. The lost part makes up 35% of the gene pool of the Russian original ancestors. It is reasonable to assume that the lost landraces carried a gene complex f or adaptation to specific Russian environments. Specificity of the contributions of the original ancestors in the sets of cultivars produced in different breeding centers was established. A comparative analysis of genetic similarity of cultivars was carried out using coefficients of parentage. Significant differences in this parameter between breeding institutes and regions of cultivation were revealed. 相似文献
14.
O. S. Dedkova E. D. Badaeva O. P. Mitrofanova E. N. Bilinskaya V. A. Pukhalskiy 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2007,43(11):1271-1285
Ninety-four lines of Triticum dicoccum isolated from 86 wheat accessions from Vavilov All-Russia Research Institute of Plant Industry (VIR, Russia) and INRA (Clermont-Ferrand, France) germ-plasm collections were studied using C-banding technique. Visual comparison of karyotypes of different accessions was performed to establish genetic relationships and evaluate features inherent for ecological-geographical groups. The level of C-banding polymorphism in the whole sample of tetraploid emmer proved to be relatively low. The diversity within groups was higher than the differences between them. The material studied contained 39 lines carrying 16 different types of chromosomal rearrangements including single and multiple translocations and inversions. The level of translocation polymorphism was comparable with that detected earlier for polyploid wheat species. The frequencies of individual translocation types varied from 18 (T7A:5B) to 1 (nine types). Analysis of the distribution of the most frequent translocations 7A:5B suggested that it has significant adaptive value on the territory of Europe. Similarity of the C-banding patterns of European emmer and the accessions with the same translocation of the Asian origin points to their possible common origin. The occurrence of the same translocation in several T. dicoccoides accessions from Syria and Lebanon may indicate that such forms of wild emmer could have taken part in the origin of cultivate emmer from Western Europe. Similarity of the C-banding patterns of some chromosomes of European emmer and spelt could serve as an indirect evidence of their close genetic relationships. 相似文献
15.
高爱农 《植物遗传资源学报》2013,14(4):606-611
远缘杂交技术是将小麦野生近缘植物的染色体片段导入小麦的有效途径。通过这种方法可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础,导入携带控制优异性状的基因从而达到改良小麦的目的。为了获得在小麦遗传及育种中具有较高研究利用价值的纯合的小麦-冰草小片段异源染色体易位系,我们利用细胞学手段对普通小麦-冰草的远缘杂交后代进行鉴定。本研究以小麦-冰草二体代换系4844-8、二体附加系4844-12与普通小麦杂交后辐照产生的易位系为材料,利用基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术从中鉴定出了2个具有冰草染色体小片段的纯合中间插入易位系。其中1个纯合中间插入易位系(104-3)具有高抗小麦白粉病和高千粒重的特性。另1个纯合中间插入易位系(19-2)具有较高的穗粒数和较高的千粒重的特性。本研究鉴定出的2个小麦-冰草6P小片段纯合中间插入易位系的优异农艺性状表明,它们是丰富小麦基因资源的优异的遗传材料,具有很高的研究利用价值。 相似文献
16.
A series of disomic lines of spring wheat Opal selected on the basis of monosomic lines of this cultivar has been studied. The lines have been tested for combining ability, and the heterosis effect has been studied in disomic lines of F1 hybrids obtained by topcrossing. The line have been demonstrated to differ both from one another and from cultivar Opal in the expression of quantitative traits, combining ability, and the degree of heterosis in F1. These data suggest that recombinations accompanying the formation of the monosomic series have changed their genetic program. To test this suggestion, intramolecular heterogeneity of 42-chromosome plants has been analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and isoenzyme analysis. The results confirmed the differences at the DNA and protein levels. According to the results of molecular analyses, A-genome lines are the most polymorphic. Strong heterosis effects have been detected in hybrid combinations contributed by D- and B-genome lines, which are characterized by medium and low degrees of molecular genetic polymorphism. Lines that are promising in terms of breeding programs have been identified. 相似文献
17.
Trends in Genetic Diversity Change of Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars Released in Russia in 1929–2003 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Dobrotvorskaya T. V. Martynov S. P. Pukhalskyi V. A. 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2004,40(11):1245-1257
Using genealogy analysis, we studied genetic diversity of 340 cultivars of spring bread wheat that were released on the territory of Russia in 1929–2003. Trends in the temporal change of genetic diversity were inferred from analysis of a set of n × m matrices, where n is the number of the released cultivars and m is the number of original ancestors. The pool of original ancestors of the spring bread wheat cultivars for the total period of study included 255 landraces, of which 88 were from the former USSR and modern Russia. The original ancestors showed great differences in their presence in the cultivar sets examined and, consequently, in their importance for the gene pool of Russian spring wheats. The distributions of contributions of dominant original ancestors to cultivar diversity were significantly different in different regions, indicating that the ancestors were specific for the cultivation conditions. During the last 75 years, the genetic diversity of the spring bread wheat cultivars has been increasing owing to the wide use of foreign material in Russian breeding programs. However, our analysis showed that about 60 landraces, including the Russian ones, were lost during the studied time period. The lost part makes up 35% of the gene pool of the Russian original ancestors. It is reasonable to assume that the lost landraces carried a gene complex f or adaptation to specific Russian environments. Specificity of the contributions of the original ancestors in the sets of cultivars produced in different breeding centers was established. A comparative analysis of genetic similarity of cultivars was carried out using coefficients of parentage. Significant differences in this parameter between breeding institutes and regions of cultivation were revealed. 相似文献
18.
An alternative to radiation hybrid mapping for large-scale genome analysis in barley 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Masoudi-Nejad A Nasuda S Bihoreau MT Waugh R Endo TR 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2005,274(6):589-594
The presence of a monosomic gametocidal chromosome (GC) in a barley chromosome addition line of common wheat generates structural
aberrations in the barley chromosome as well as in the wheat chromosomes of gametes lacking the GC. A collection of structurally
aberrant barley chromosomes is analogous to a panel of radiation hybrid (RH) mapping and is valuable for high-throughput physical
mapping. We developed 90 common wheat lines (GC lines) containing aberrant barley 7H chromosomes induced by a gametocidal
chromosome, 2C. DNAs isolated from these GC lines provided a panel of 7H chromosomal fragments in a wheat genetic background,
comparable with RH mapping panels in mammals. We used this 7H GC panel and the methodology for RH mapping to physically map
PCR-based barley markers, SSRs and AFLPs, onto chromosome 7H, relying on polymorphism between the 7H chromosome and the wheat
genome. We call this method GC mapping. This study describes a novel adaptation and combination of methods of inducing chromosomal
rearrangements to produce physical maps of markers. The advantages of the presented method are similar to RH mapping in that
non-polymorphic markers can be used and the mapping panels can be relatively easily obtained. In addition, mapping results
are cumulative when using the same mapping set with new markers. The GC lines will be available from the National Bioresources
Project-KOMUGI ().
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
19.
The study is a continuation of investigation of prolamins in brown rust-resistant introgressive lines of common wheat, produced
with participation of Triticum timopheeevi Zhuk. [1]. Two wheat lines with a substitution of the Glu-1 loci of T. timopheevi were identified. Line 684 had high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits encoded by 1Ax, as well as by 1Ay gene, which was silent in commercial lines. It was demonstrated that line 684 could serve as a source of the Glu-A
t
1
locus. Line 186 carried the Glu-B1/Glu-G1 substitution. Comparative analysis of storage proteins from the introgression lines of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. with those from parental forms demonstrated polymorphism among the lines, resulted from natural varietal polymorphism,
and introgression of the Glu-3 and Gli-1 loci from the genome of T. timopheevi. 相似文献
20.
Adonina IG Orlovskaia OA Tereshchenko OY Koren' LV Khotyleva LV Shumnyĭ VK Salina EA 《Genetika》2011,47(4):516-526
Introgressive hybridization is an efficient means to improve the genetic diversity of cultivated cereals, including triticale. To identify the triticale lines with Aegilops introgressions, genotyping was carried out with ten lines obtained by crossing hexaploid triticale with genome-substitution forms of the common wheat cultivar Avrora: Avrolata (AABBUU), Avrodes (AABBSS), and Avrotika (AABBTT). The genome composition of the triticale lines was studied by in situ hybridization, and recombination events involving Aegilops and/or common wheat chromosomes were assumed for nine out of the ten lines. Translocations involving rye chromosomes were not observed. Substitutions for rye chromosomes were detected in two lines resulting from crosses with Avrolata. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with Ae. umbellulata DNA and molecular genetic analysis showed that chromosome 1R was substituted with Ae. umbellulata chromosome 1U in one of the lines and that 2R(2U) substitution took place in the other line. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the Spelt 1 and pSc119.2 probes revealed a translocation from Ae. speltoides to the long arm of chromosome 1B in one of the two lines resulting from crosses with Avrodes and a translocation in the long arm of chromosome 7B in the other line. In addition, the pSc119.2 probe revealed chromosome 1B rearrangements in four lines resulting from crosses with Avrolata and in a line resulting from crosses with Avrotika. The lines were tested for main productivity parameters. A negative effect on all productivity parameters was demonstrated for Ae. umbellulata chromosome 2U. The overwinter survival in all of the lines was similar to or even higher than in the original triticale cultivars. A substantial increase in winter resistance as compared with the parental cultivar was observed for the line carrying the T7BS-7SL translocation. The line with the 1R(1U) chromosome substitution seemed promising for the baking properties of triticale. 相似文献