《青铜时代至早期铁器时代新疆哈密地区古代人群的变迁与交流模式研究》评介

新疆地处亚欧大陆腹地,是汉唐时期丝绸之路的枢纽。不仅如此,从考古发现来看,丝绸之路部分路段早在汉代以前就已经发挥了巨大的作用,新疆与中亚和中国内地的联系也可以追溯到更早的青铜时代和早期铁器时代。新疆东部的哈密地区更是连接中原与西域的交通要道,来自甘青地区的古代人群很早就进入该地区,同时也融入了部分来自西方的     

聚焦超声联合滋阴补肾方治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变的临床应用及安全性观察

摘要 目的：探讨聚焦超声联合滋阴补肾方在外阴上皮内非瘤样病变中的治疗效果以及安全性观察。方法：选取2022.5-2024.5收治的外阴上皮内非瘤样病变患者120例,分为观察组、对照组,各60例。观察组给予聚焦超声局部治疗以及口服滋阴补肾方,对照组仅给予聚焦超声局部治疗。比较相关指标。结果：与对照组相比,观察组能够进一步缩小病变面积,降低外阴瘙痒评分和皮肤弹性评分,并提高总治疗有效率,降低复发率（P＜0.05）。此外,观察组治疗后VEGF表达升高,CD34表达降低（P＜0.05）。结论：聚焦超声联合滋阴补肾方能够快速有效的治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变,具有较高的治疗有效率,且复发率低。且联合治疗 可通过改善血管内皮生长因子和血管标志物CD34表达,改善病灶局部微循环,进而表现出优异的疗效。     

宫颈电环切除术治疗76例子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的分析

目的:探讨子宫颈电环切除术(LEEP)治疗子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)的价值。方法:回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年9月收治的76例CIN患者行LEEP术治疗情况。结果:本研究的CIN 76例中CIN-Ⅰ37例,CIN-Ⅱ7例、CIN-Ⅲ2例,cIN-Ⅰ-Ⅱ21例,CIN-Ⅱ-Ⅲ9例。76例CIN患者行LEEP术治疗后最长的随访2年,最短的三个月。术后三个月新柏氏膜式液基层细胞学检测(Thin-prep Cytolosy Test,TCT)正常者76例(100%),人乳头瘤状病毒(HPV)转阴者75例(98.68%),阴道镜检查正常者74例(97.37%)。本组治愈率为98.68%,复发率为0例。结论:LEEP术治疗CIN具有以下优点:①安全、快捷又出血量少;②手术时间短,可在门诊进行手术;③可达到传统电刀达不到的非常精细的手术效果;④不易产生传统电刀切割时组织被拉长、碳化现象,可以得到不影响病理检查的完好的组织标本,对临近组织损伤小,治疗的同时能进行诊断;⑤疼痛少,不易留下瘢痕,感染少;⑥对宫颈损伤小,可以保留生育功能,更适合年轻患者。⑦避免了二次手术和过度治疗。但术后长期的规范随访,早期发现CIN复发及宫颈癌至关重要。     

Cribra orbitalia,a possible sign of anemia in early historic native populations of the British Columbia coast

Excavated and museum skeletons of the postcontact period revealed cribra orbitalia in four native ethnolinguistic divisions of the British Columbia coast, Haida, Kwakiutl, Nootka, and Coast Salish. Affected skulls were distributed among 25 of 35 localities, indicating widespread occurrence in a mainly heterogeneous population. Manifestations were similar to porotic hyperostosis, and additional lesions in the sample tend to support the concept that cribra orbitalia is related to anemia. Both inherited and acquired disorders may have been involved in the etiology. A uniquely high incidence of 52.9% occurred in immature of the Haida, a relatively homogeneous population. However, marked variability in expression by age group and by sex in the total sample is suggestive of iron-deficiency anemia. The data and historical information parallel modern expectations of susceptibility. Among 454 skulls, cribra orbitalia occurred in 32.7% of growing children and adolescents, 19% of infants and toddlers, 13.3% of adult females, and 4.8% of adult males. Postcontact disruptions and disease may have figured in promoting iron-deficiency anemia, but noted precontact occurrences may also have been due to the disorder.     

The Alto Salaverry child: a case of anemia from the Peruvian preceramic.

Excavations during 1974 at the Peruvian Preceramic site of Alto Salaverry led to the discovery of a child's skeleton. The fragmentary skeleton exhibits cribra orbitalia, a pitting of the orbital roof associated with anemia. This specimen provides the first evidence of anemia in a population of the predominantly non-agricultural Peruvian Preceramic and extends the antiquity of the pathology among Precolumbian Peruvians.     

Porotic hyperostosis: relationship between orbital and vault lesions

The exact nature of the relationship between orbital and skull vault lesions of porotic hyperostosis has remained a controversial issue among anthropologists. Many researchers believe that lesions in both areas are related and have a common etiology; others remain unconvinced of any relationship and prefer to consider orbital and vault lesions as separate conditions with their own etiology. This paper explores the issue by comparing data on microscopic, macroscopic, radiographic, and demographic aspects of orbital and vault lesions from both clinical and anthropological studies. The results of these comparisons support the views that there is a relationship between lesions on both areas and that they share a common etiology.     

Secular trend and age distribution of cribra orbitalia in Japanese

Cribra orbitalia is currently regarded as an indicator of environmental conditions. The prevalence and severity of this lesion in Japanese populations from prehistoric Jomon to modern times were recorded and discussed. Since the lesion was low in both frequency and grade in the late and final Jomon people from Chiba Prefecture, they presumably lived in relatively favorable environmental conditions. The increased prevalence of the lesion in the medieval Muromachi citizens of Kamakura may be attributed to the poor hygiene and social conditions. The high prevalence and marked severity of the lesion in the citizens of Edo (the old name of Tokyo) in the 17th century suggested that they lived under extremely unfavorable situations of nutrition, sanitation and medical care. Cribra orbitalia was most prevalent in adolescence (81.3%) among the Edo citizens. The incidence of the most severe type of lesion rose gradually during childhood, reached a peak in adolescence, and then gradually decreased with age. These findings would reflect intense marrow hyperplasia in the orbital roof associated with both iron deficiency anemia of long standing during the immature period and increased iron requirement in adolescence. The results obtained support the hypothesis that iron deficiency anemia is the primary factor in the etiology of cribra orbitalia. It was concluded that the incidence and severity of cribra orbitalia due to various anemic reactions reflected the dietary, hygienic, social and environmental circumstances of the populations investigated.     

Porotic hyperostosis: a new perspective.

Porotic hyperostosis is a paleopathologic condition that has intrigued researchers for over a century and a half. It is now generally accepted that anemia, most probably an iron deficiency anemia, is the etiologic factor responsible for lesion production. Although there can be a number of factors involved in the development of iron deficiency anemia, a dietary explanation has often been invoked to explain the occurrence of porotic hyperostosis in past human skeletal populations. In fact, porotic hyperostosis has been referred to as a "nutritional" stress indicator. Traditionally those groups with a higher incidence of porotic hyperostosis have been considered to be less successful in adapting to their environment or more nutritionally disadvantaged than other groups. A new perspective is emerging that is challenging previous views of the role of iron in health and disease, thus having profound implications for the understanding of porotic hyperostosis. There is a new appreciation of the adaptability and flexibility of iron metabolism; as a result it has become apparent that diet plays a very minor role in the development of iron deficiency anemia. It is now understood that, rather than being detrimental, hypoferremia (deficiency of iron in the blood) is actually an adaptation to disease and microorganism invasion. When faced with chronic and/or heavy pathogen loads individuals become hypoferremic as part of their defense against these pathogens, thus increasing their susceptibility to iron deficiency anemia. Within the context of this new perspective porotic hyperostosis is seen not as a nutritional stress indicator, but as a indication that a population is attempting to adapt to the pathogen load in its environment.     

Porotic hyperostosis: new evidence to support the anemia theory

The etiology of skull lesions known as porotic hyperostosis has long been a matter for speculation. The most widely accepted theory at present suggests that an anemia, either acquired or genetic, is responsible for lesion development. However, acceptance of this theory is not universal and the nature of the relationship between orbital and vault lesions remains a controversial issue. This paper provides a much broader field of supportive evidence on which to base the anemia theory. This involves a synthesis of information from the clinical and anthropological literature as well as new data from two skeletal collections: Poundbury Camp, a Romano-British series, and the Hodgson collection, a 19th century East Asian series. A comparison is made between clinical and anthropological data at the macroscopic, microscopic, radiographic, and demographic levels of analysis. This approach reveals the similarities in expression between clinically diagnosed anemias and porotic hyperostosis.     

A radiographic study of porotic hyperostosis

Skull lesions known as porotic hyperostosis have been of interest to researchers since the mid-19th century. The etiology of porotic hyperostosis has long been a matter for speculation yet there has never been complete acceptance or substantiation of any one of the many theories proposed. Today the most widely accepted theory suggests that anemias of either acquired or genetic origin are responsible for porotic hyperostosis. The present study tests this hypothesis using criteria which were chosen after the examination of clinical radiographs of patients with various types of anemia. These criteria are: the presence of “hair-on-end” trabeculation, outer table thinning, texture changes, diploic thickening, orbital roof thickening, orbital rim changes, and the underdevelopment of frontal sinuses. A comparison of these criteria from the clinical X-rays with X-rays of skulls with porotic hyperostosis provides a more rigorous, repeatable, and standardized method upon which to base a diagnosis. This approach enables radiography to provide the necessary link between the clinical and anthropological with which to investigate the origin of porotic hyperostosis.     

Porotic hyperostosis: representative of a childhood condition

Porotic hyperostosis is currently considered to be one of several stress markers available for assessing the health and nutritional status of past human populations. The present study questions one of the basic assumptions underlying its use; that is, that the occurrence of porotic hyperostosis in an individual represents an episode of anemia that was current or had occurred within a relatively short period prior to death. A synthesis of data from a Romano-British site Poundbury Camp, anthropological and clinical studies, and information on bone physiology suggests that lesions of porotic hyperostosis seen in adults are most probably representative of a childhood episode of anemia. Lesions seen in adults are the result of bone changes occurring in the growth period that have not undergone complete remodelling. This viewpoint has implications for future interpretation of data on porotic hyperostosis obtained from skeletal collections.